Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a signaling pathway that initiates the flushing response associated with nicotinic acid. Analysis of human cell lines revealed that beta-arrestin proteins play a key role in this process, which may be targeted to prevent side effects while maintaining therapeutic benefits. I...
Researchers at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance found Avastin to be effective in delaying brain tumor progression and improving quality of life for patients with recurrent Grade 3 brain tumors. The treatment improved survival time while reducing the impact of steroids on patients, who experienced a marked improvement in their condition.
Researchers found that temperate forests in eastern North America can store more carbon than previously believed, with potential to accumulate up to two-fold higher than current estimates. The study suggests that forest management practices may be more important than intrinsic limits on carbon storage.
A team of MIT researchers used game theory to study cooperative behavior in yeast, finding that individual benefit can outweigh costs and lead to successful competition against non-cooperators. The study offers a concrete example of how cooperative behaviors can be compatible with evolutionary theory.
Researchers found that reducing sugary beverages consumption leads to a decrease in calorie intake in children and teens. An intervention program also showed promise in changing behaviors among Dutch schoolchildren.
Researchers have successfully tested a method to adjust the immune system to accept transplanted cells as 'self' in mice. The complex combines IL-2 with an antibody to stimulate T regulatory cells, boosting specific populations and subduing others.
Researchers have discovered a new approach to controlling malaria by killing only older mosquitoes, reducing the selection for resistant insects. This method could lead to evolution-proof insecticides that never become obsolete, saving millions of dollars in development costs.
Research reveals that 3-year-olds, dogs, and young children share similar social environments, leading to comparable understanding of human gestures. 3-year-olds rely on the index finger's direction to locate hidden objects, while 2-year-olds and dogs respond to protruding body parts.
Researchers at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center have discovered a gene that helps protect PTEN, a major tumor-suppressor protein, from degradation in breast cancer. Rak's protective effect is linked to its ability to stabilize PTEN protein, preventing breast cancer development.
Researchers developed Sun Dial to help Muslim users determine prayer times, finding imagery-based prompts more appealing than text-based options. The app aims to enhance the religious experience by reminding users of their community ties.
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center have identified the molecular pathways triggered by niacin, which could lead to a revival of niacin-based treatments for cholesterol. The discovery suggests that a 'biased ligand' could be developed to target the beneficial effects of niacin while minimizing its flushing side effect.
Cognitive behavior therapy and supportive stress management show promise in treating depression after CABG surgery, with significant differences found between treatment groups and usual care. These non-pharmacological interventions are more effective than usual care for treating depression after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Researchers at Clemson University are developing new test methods to address alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete, a common durability problem affecting infrastructure like roads and bridges. This research has the potential to save millions of dollars by minimizing or preventing ASR distress.
A team of researchers has established a compendium of 2,516 potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer, with over 200 genes shortlisted for further study. The findings provide a strategic approach to early detection and could lead to the development of more accurate diagnostic tests.
New head-to-head clinical studies reveal that Reach Ultraclean Toothbrush and Floss outperform leading products in plaque removal. The studies found that Reach Ultraclean Floss removes up to two times more plaque than Glide floss products, while the toothbrush provides improved gum health and removes 90% of hard-to-reach plaque.
Recent research reveals a 'pacemaker' climate shift mode controlling global temperature changes. Meanwhile, natural ocean 'thermostats' for Pacific reefs are disputed, suggesting underreported bleaching events. Space dust also interacts with the atmosphere, vaporizing and leaving behind high-altitude metal ions and molecules.
A simple bedside test developed by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers accurately distinguishes neuropathic pain from other types of chronic back pain. The Standardized Evaluation of Pain (StEP) assessment is a low-tech approach that outperforms existing screening tests and even MR imaging in identifying underlying pain mechanisms.
Researchers have identified a gene variant on chromosome 11 that is linked to an increased risk of atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The study found that this variant is also associated with Crohn's disease and affects approximately 36% of the European population.
Grapevine flowers' fragrance comes from pollen grains stored in anthers, contrary to common perception that petals produce perfume. The scent serves as a defense mechanism to protect male reproductive tissues from predatory insects.
Researchers found a significant increase in serious heart rhythm disturbances associated with bisphosphonate therapy. However, non-serious cases showed no overall increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The study urges additional investigations to determine the link between the two conditions.
Two new studies published in Annals of Internal Medicine propose an intensive disease management approach to help smokers quit successfully, including repeated or intensive interventions that include pharmacotherapy and counseling. The studies also suggest targeting healthier older patients with colorectal cancer screening and using LD...
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine have reviewed the neurobiology of wisdom, identifying key brain regions involved in its attributes such as empathy, compassion and emotional stability. The study suggests an optimal balance between primitive and pre-frontal cortex brain regions may enhance wisdom.
New research using African frogs reveals that alcohol 'hijacks' a molecule needed to produce retinoic acid, which is crucial for embryonic development. This leads to cellular disorientation and malformations in babies.
Researchers found that eating broccoli sprouts daily for eight weeks significantly reduced Helicobacter pylori infection levels in humans. This reduction is expected to lead to a decrease in stomach cancer risk due to the well-established cause-and-effect link between H. pylori and stomach cancer.
Biomedical engineers have developed a new probe that allows visualization of single RNA molecules within live cells, enabling scientists to study RNA's operation and interaction with binding proteins. The tool overcomes issues with fluorescent probes, allowing for hours-long imaging and distinguishing between targeted and unbound probes.
New Arctic satellite data shows a decade-long trend of shrinking sea ice extent, with thinner ice replacing older, thicker ice. The maximum sea ice extent for 2008-09 was 5.85 million square miles, 278,000 square miles below the average for 1979 to 2000.
Researchers discover that beta-arrestin1 mediates the flushing response but not the antilipolytic effect of nicotinic acid in mice. A drug design approach is proposed to retain therapeutic benefits without causing skin flushing.
Patients with schizophrenia can correctly identify a 'hollow mask' illusion, which may be related to their brains disconnecting visual information from internal thoughts. The study also found that cannabis users are less deceived by the illusion, suggesting a possible link between THC and brain connectivity.
A 16-week study found that reducing added sugar intake by 47 grams per day and increasing fiber intake by 5 grams per day improved insulin secretion and reduced visceral adipose tissue volume. Participants who increased fiber intake also saw significant reductions in body mass index and visceral fat.
Researchers develop novel method to identify stem cells in pancreas, showing acinar cells produce digestive enzymes and may have carcinogenic properties. The breakthrough paves the way for further study on proliferation mechanisms and potential dangers of these cells.
A Stanford study found that the US AIDS Relief program reduced HIV/AIDS death tolls by over 10% in targeted African countries, saving an estimated 1 million lives. However, there was no significant impact on disease prevalence rates.
Research by Joshua M. Ackerman and John A. Bargh found that imagining another person's self-control can lead to a depletion of one's own self-control, causing impulsive behaviors like overspending. In experiments, participants who imagined exerting self-control in someone else performed worse on cognitive tasks after the simulation.
The AIAA Journal of Energy was commended by the Space Foundation for its role in disseminating NASA's aerodynamic vehicle design technology, which reduced drag and increased fuel efficiency. The journal's publication played a key role in widely adopting the technology in the trucking industry.
North Carolina State University scientists developed a GaMnN thin film-based device that manipulates both charge and spin of electrons at room temperature, surpassing previous devices which only functioned at -173°C. The new technology uses lower voltages to switch electron bias, improving semiconductor efficiency and speed.
A new study found that men and women with a BMI score over 30 were nearly one-and-a-half times more likely to have RLS than those who were not obese. Additionally, people with the top 20% of waist circumference were more than one-and-a-half times more likely to have RLS than those in the bottom 20%
Eating two and a half ounces of baby broccoli sprouts daily for two months reduced HpSA levels by over 40% in infected individuals, suggesting potential protection against gastritis, ulcers, and stomach cancer. However, the study did not cure infection or eradicate H. pylori colonization.
A new standardized tool for assessing chronic pain has been developed and validated to differentiate between peripheral neuropathic pain and non-neuropathic low back pain. The tool, called STEP, takes just 10-15 minutes to administer and has been shown to have high diagnostic accuracy.
Researchers have developed a new mechanism for water splitting, which generates oxygen gas from water molecules. The process is divided into three stages, utilizing light and heat to produce clean fuel.
The researchers used mechanical forces to control catalytic activity, initiating chemical reactions and creating a 'molecular ripcord' that can switch between dormant and active states. This discovery enables the creation of self-repairing materials that strengthen under mechanical stress.
Substituting water for sugar-sweetened beverages can eliminate an average of 235 excess calories per day among children and adolescents, potentially preventing childhood obesity. The study suggests that this simple replacement has no detrimental effects on nutrition.
A new study by Dr. Jayakrishna Ambati and colleagues found that the siRNA treatment is toxic to both blood and lymphatic endothelial cells, with potential applications in cornea transplantation and treatment of lymphatic diseases.
A study identifies RNF6 as a protein that modifies androgen receptor activity in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Inhibition of RNF6 shows promise as a new strategy for treating advanced prostate cancer, which no longer responds to traditional therapies.
AVEO scientists have developed a novel human-in-mouse (HIM) cancer model system, which allows for the creation of invasive human tumors that mimic human tumor behaviors and response. The models provide a more realistic genetic context for evaluating new anti-tumor therapies.
The European Society of Cardiology reports that heart failure is the most prevalent chronic cardiac condition in Europe, with 30 million cases identified. Recent improvements in diagnosis and treatment have led to a significant reduction in mortality rates, but challenges persist in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Late-acting insecticides targeting older mosquitoes show potential to reduce malaria transmission by 95% and slow down resistance. The approach could lead to evolution-proof insecticides that never become obsolete.
James Crivello, a prominent polymer researcher at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, has been awarded the Herman F. Mark Senior Scholar Award by the ACS. His groundbreaking research on novel polymers and innovative applications in energy conservation, coating, and composites has earned him this prestigious recognition.
A new study by scientists from Imperial College London and University of Oxford found that young adults with a genetic variant associated with Alzheimer's Disease exhibit changes in brain activity decades before any symptoms appear. The researchers used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to compare the brains of healthy young...
The Miller Cyberinfrastructure Laboratory has rolled out 'Magic,' a state-of-the-art computer system that aggregates costly computational resources, enabling researchers to solve previously unsolvable problems. The machine is cost-effective and thousands of times faster than traditional systems.
Researchers develop first tri-continuous mesoporous material, named IBN-9, with a hexagonal minimal surface, opening possibilities for catalysis, separation and drug delivery applications. The material has unique nano-fiber morphology and distinct diffusion rates in different directions.
A study published in Molecular Ecology found that woodrats have genetic detoxification genes that enable them to consume creosote bushes, which are coated with a toxic resin. The researchers also discovered that these animals adapt their diets in response to climate change, and the findings may provide insights into how humans can modi...
Researchers found that genetic variants impact stress response differently in men and women. Women carrying the BDNF Val/Met genotype were shown to have a lower cortisol response than men with the same genotype, while men with the Val/Val variant exhibited higher cortisol levels.
Scientists at Boston University discovered Resolvins, a new family of biologically active products of omega-3 fatty acids with therapeutic potential. These compounds have been shown to resolve periodontal inflammation and regenerate tissues in experimental gum disease models.
A study of 36,903 men found significant associations between obesity measures and periodontal disease. Obesity was associated with a 25% and 29% increased risk of periodontal disease compared to normal weight, with waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio also linked to an increased risk.
A new study led by NYU dental researcher Dr. Ananda P. Dasanayake found that pregnant women with periodontal disease are more likely to develop gestational diabetes. The study, conducted in Sri Lanka, eliminated smoking and alcohol use among participants to isolate the impact of gum disease on glucose levels.
Researchers have developed a method to generate complex, multilayer oral tissues using human embryonic stem cells. The tissues mimic normal oral cavity tissues and show promise for treating oral diseases through transplantation.
Studies link periodontal disease to infant prematurity, diabetes, and stroke. Treating pregnant women with scaling and root planing can save nearly $14 million worldwide.
Researchers used microscopy to study neuron growth in Caenorhabditis elegans and found that certain neurons work backward from their destination. The discovery suggests that the brain is wired based on connectivity rather than absolute distance, providing an explanation for how the brain grows in proportion to the organism.
New Brown University research suggests nicotine interferes with multiple cellular interactions, potentially developing new treatments for various diseases. The study identified 55 proteins interacting with the alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, which may have broader roles in the body than previously thought.
Researchers found that considering partner characteristics together is the strongest predictor for STDs. Adding simple questions about partner characteristics to STD screenings could help catch more patients who need testing and education.
A novel digital gene-expression profiling technique is gaining traction, offering a fully quantitative approach to gene-expression analysis. The method has been shown to provide robust and comparable expression profiling data, making it an attractive alternative to traditional microarray-based platforms.