A recent US Army study found that up to 70% of severely wounded soldiers develop excessive bone growth, causing severe pain and mobility issues. Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University discovered a way to prevent this condition by disrupting cellular changes needed to produce bone tissue.
Researchers tracked emergence and application of conceptual knowledge using behavioral and neuroimaging techniques. The hippocampus played a critical role in creating and storing concepts that guided decision making.
Researchers from North America and Europe have solved the first trillion cases of an ancient mathematics problem on congruent numbers, discovering over 3148 billion new solutions. The breakthrough was achieved through a complex technique for multiplying large numbers.
The SPIRIT IV trial demonstrates enhanced safety and efficacy of everolimus-eluting stents compared to paclitaxel-eluting stents, resulting in a 38% reduction in target lesion failure (TLF) rate at one year. The study also found significant reductions in ischemia-driven TLR and stent thrombosis rates with the everolimus stent.
Human liver cyst walls develop vascular structures, driving cell proliferation and growth. Inhibiting VEGF receptor signaling blocks angiogenesis, a promising approach to prevent liver cyst expansion in ADPKD patients.
A Rice University-led team will build a simulator capable of tackling high-temperature superconductivity using ultracold atoms and lasers. The goal is to study complex materials like cuprate superconductors, which are still not fully understood.
The ALMA telescope has successfully transported its first antenna to a high-altitude site in Chile, marking the start of the next phase of the project. The move allows for improved astronomical observations using millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, key to exploring cosmic origins.
Research found that elevated levels of reactive oxygen in fruit fly blood stem cells signal differentiation into immune-bolstering cells. This raises concerns about the potential impact of excessive antioxidant use on human immunity.
Researchers at Northwestern University and Boise State University have developed a less expensive shape-shifting memory foam using a nickel-manganese-gallium alloy. The new material exhibits 'magnetic shape-memory' properties, allowing it to retain its new shape when exposed to a magnetic field.
A recent study published in Cell by Yale School of Medicine researchers identified a novel brain pathway where leptin regulates bone mass and suppresses appetite through serotonin pathways. The findings contradict the prevailing view that leptin primarily acts in the hypothalamus.
Studies at the Salk Institute found that attention reduces background activity, increasing neural signal fidelity by a factor of up to four times. This reduction in noise accounts for approximately 80% of the improvement in perceptual discrimination when focusing on sensory stimuli.
Researchers have identified two ultrasound patterns that can accurately identify cancer spread and tumor burden in melanoma patients. These patterns can predict overall survival and help doctors decide on the amount of surgery required.
A systematic review found that post-stroke dementia rates varied greatly, but were closely related to stroke characteristics and complications. The authors suggest that optimum acute stroke care and secondary prevention measures could reduce the burden of dementia. Further studies are needed to identify independent predictive factors.
The University of Arizona has been awarded a $4.35 million grant from the National Science Foundation to establish a Critical Zone Observatory in the Southwest. The observatory will study the ecological, geological and hydrological components of the critical zone, which is the area between the treetops and the groundwater table. By com...
Scientists at Brown University have found evidence of water molecules on the moon's surface, with up to 1,000 parts-per-million in lunar soil. This discovery could provide a mechanism for water to reach permanently shadowed craters, opening new avenues for lunar research.
A new study from the University of Alberta found significant differences in leisure experiences between two group homes. Women with intellectual disabilities who were given support and autonomy had more independent leisure activities, while those with staff-directed leisure had limited choices.
The new journal will publish full-length original manuscripts on all types of cartilage, including articular, tracheal/bronchial, and intervertebral disc fibrocartilage. It aims to bridge a gap in the literature by focusing on both clinical and basic science perspectives of cartilage research and repair.
A new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center suggests that genetic risk of prostate cancer can be reduced by rescuing critical immune system cells. In mice with a gene called lymphotoxin alpha, these cells come back and delay tumor formation, potentially slowing cancer growth and spread.
Dr. Rolf-Peter Kudritzki, University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy director, has been awarded the Karl Schwarzschild Prize for his contributions to galaxy research. The prize recognizes his work on studying very bright stars in distant galaxies to understand their chemical composition and distance.
Researchers at Yale University have discovered a novel mechanism that stops cancer cells from growing and dividing. The 'on-off switch' mechanism involves a tiny bit of genetic material that regulates the function of tumor-suppressor proteins, preventing cancer cells from proliferating.
A recent study suggests that global warming conditions will increase the incidence of central Pacific El Niño, potentially reducing its protective effects on Atlantic hurricanes. This could lead to more severe droughts in regions like Australia and India.
McGill University has been awarded 19 Canada Research Chairs, including nine Tier-1 and 10 Tier-2 chairs, valued at a total of $17.6 million. The university is also receiving additional funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation to support research infrastructure.
Green roofs can capture more than 55,000 tons of carbon per urban area of one million people, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fighting climate change. The study found that green roofs not only absorb CO2 but also reduce heating costs and retain stormwater.
A research team has found the first evolutionary branching for bilateral animals, resolving a long-standing debate about a group of ancient flatworms called Acoelomorpha. The study reveals that Acoelomorpha is a sister clade to other bilateral animals, providing key insights into the most recent common ancestor.
Mary Tinetti, a Yale aging expert, will use her grant to further fall prevention research for older adults, while Richard Prum, an evolutionary biologist, aims to explore the physics of structural color in nature. Both researchers were awarded $500,000 'genius' grants by the MacArthur Foundation.
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center is developing a transparent coating that mimics the self-cleaning properties of the lotus plant to prevent dirt from sticking to space gear and bacteria from growing inside astronaut living quarters. The coating, made primarily from silica, zinc oxide, and other oxides, offers great potential for use ...
A high-fructose diet was found to raise blood pressure in men, while a gout drug helped protect against the increase. The study also showed that excessive fructose consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome and may contribute to obesity and diabetes.
Researchers propose nine planetary boundaries, including climate change and biodiversity loss, which have already been crossed or are at risk of being transgressed. The study aims to provide an important element for sustainable development by identifying critical thresholds that humanity must respect.
Jean-Pol Tassin's pioneering work identified the disruption of nonadrenaline and serotonin neuron interaction as a key factor in addictive behavior. His research highlights the critical role played by monoamine inhibitors in tobacco addiction.
Researchers discovered a genetic variation near the interferon gene IL28B associated with people's response to treatment. This finding could lead to the development of a diagnostic test and more effective treatments for hepatitis C, reducing adverse effects and improving outcomes.
A new ELISpot test can rapidly identify active tuberculosis in smear-negative patients, distinguishing it from latent TB infection. The test's accuracy is confirmed with a high positive rate of 91.5% in patients with active TB.
A phase I extension study has shown that 64% of patients with the BRAF mutation experienced partial response to a new compound, with rapid and dramatic shrinking of metastatic tumours. The treatment has fewer side effects compared to standard chemotherapy and is being explored as part of larger trials.
A recent study found that using a vented stove instead of traditional indoor open fires significantly improves respiratory health in Mexican women. The study showed that women who used the Patsari stove had improved lung function and reduced symptoms compared to those who used open wood fires.
The global scientific conference highlights the importance of developing science-based methods for monitoring and assessing land degradation. It aims to find ways to combat desertification in drylands, where climate change is expected to worsen droughts and impact rural poverty.
A genome-scale analysis of diverse Indian groups found nearly all Indians carry genomic contributions from two distinct ancestral populations, Ancestral North Indians and Ancestral South Indians. This study has medical implications for people of Indian descent.
A recent study found inhaled insulin to be inferior to traditional insulin injections in maintaining optimal blood glucose levels. Despite this setback, researchers continue to explore alternative routes of insulin delivery, including MannKind Corporation's Technosphere Insulin.
A Danish study found that healthcare workers' fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity and work are predictive of developing lower back pain. The study suggests that changing these beliefs may be beneficial for treatment and prevention.
Researchers conclude that controlled-release pills and capsules prone to dose dumping due to alcohol consumption require human testing. Formulations may pose significant overdose risks even after lab tests indicate faster release rates.
Canada faces a pressing challenge to address the deteriorating progress towards Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The Lancet urges Canada to make significant contributions in five key areas: health system strengthening, climate change, peace through health, Indigenous Health, and establishing a Canadian Health Action Network for Glo...
A large randomized trial has found that sorafenib plus capecitabine improves the time women live without disease worsening by 74% compared to chemotherapy alone. The treatment was well-tolerated and manageable, with no new side effects observed.
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine report a promising result from the ADAGIO trial, finding that rasagiline may slow Parkinson's disease progression. The study used a novel design to examine the effect of early treatment on disease progression, and found benefits for patients starting therapy with rasagiline.
Researchers propose setting upper limits on CO2 levels, species extinction rates, freshwater use, and other environmental factors to avoid irreversible changes. The proposed thresholds aim to ensure a stable future for humanity, with exceeding these boundaries potentially leading to catastrophic consequences.
A new battery made of cellulose shows promise for powering flexible electronics, such as clothing and packaging. The battery's performance is improved by coating a conductive polymer on individual cellulose fibers, creating a nano-thin coating that enables efficient electricity storage.
Satellite lasers have created a comprehensive picture of rapidly thinning glaciers along the coastline of both Antarctica and Greenland. The most profound ice loss is attributed to glaciers accelerating as they flow into the sea, with this phenomenon now reaching all latitudes in Greenland and intensifying on key Antarctic coastlines.
A new study documents how climate, population density and factors affect GHG emissions in global cities, with Denver releasing the largest amount of gases and Barcelona the smallest. The study identifies strategies for reducing emissions, including carbon reduction and efficient transportation systems.
A team of Tennessee foresters, led by Stacy Clark, is working to reintroduce the American chestnut to eastern US forests. The goal is to create a blight-resistant tree that can thrive in its natural habitat, offering benefits for humans and wildlife.
Scientists have developed a computer system called DRIVSCO that allows vehicles to learn from their drivers' behavior, detecting unusual driving patterns and generating alarm signals. The system has shown promising results in preventing accidents, particularly at night when visibility is reduced.
Recent findings published online first in Cancer Research show that obesity is associated with increased incidence and mortality of leukemia in children. The study reveals that fat cells can block chemotherapy drugs from reaching cancerous cells, leading to reduced treatment effectiveness.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure pancreatic fat in humans, finding a significant correlation between fat content and diabetes risk. The study suggests that measuring pancreatic fat could be an effective clinical tool for identifying high-risk individuals.
Researchers propose a new hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease: the myelin model. This theory suggests that degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's begin with normal brain maintenance and repair processes. The model suggests targeting earlier stages of myelination, potentially reducing dementia's burden.
A study of internal medicine residents found that those reporting higher levels of fatigue and distress were more likely to report medical errors. The study suggests that fatigue, sleepiness, burnout, depression, and reduced quality of life are independently associated with an increased risk of future self-perceived major medical errors.
Expert calls for a shift in cancer research priorities, focusing on prevention and non-drug treatments to combat the growing cancer burden. The global cancer cases are expected to rise, and improving early detection and primary prevention strategies hold the potential for significant gains.
Research finds that pathogenic E. coli are common in Michigan and Indiana streams, even with low fecal indicator bacteria concentrations. The study suggests that current methods for determining water quality may not accurately predict the presence of harmful pathogens.
The Wilson Center's Synthetic Biology project has received two National Science Foundation grants to support research on the implications of synthetic biology for sustainability science and policy. The projects will explore emerging issues in synthetic biology, including its potential contribution to sustainable development.
Research reveals women with atrial fibrillation are more likely to experience symptomatic attacks, have higher heart rates, and increased risk of stroke due to pooling of blood in the atria. A new gender-specific approach to therapy is recommended to prevent strokes and improve quality of life.
A new study from UAB researchers found that childbearing is associated with a higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome in women. Women who had gestational diabetes were nearly twice as likely to develop the syndrome as those without it. Lifestyle changes, such as exercise and healthy eating, may help prevent disease later in life.
Researchers aim to improve prostate cancer identification using MRI technology. Powerful high-resolution MRI can reveal cancerous tissue and pinpoint its location.
UCSF researchers found private cord blood banking to be cost-effective only for families with high likelihood of needing a stem cell transplant. The analysis revealed that the process is more expensive than expected, with an additional $1,374,246 per life-year gained.
Researchers at NIST developed a new reference material, Beryllium Oxide Powder (SRM 1877), which mimics the form of beryllium to which workers are exposed, enabling more representative toxicological studies and sensitive monitoring. This will facilitate effective clean-up of contaminated areas and aid in contamination control.
The Canadian Stem Cell Foundation has released a charter that unifies supporters of stem cell research, outlining five principles for advancing the field. The charter aims to promote responsible science, protect citizens, and empower the public to speak out on behalf of stem cell research.