A study by researchers at the University of Edinburgh found that HIV transmission in UK heterosexuals can occur within networks of up to 30 people. The research used phylodynamics to reconstruct viral sequence divergence, revealing smaller clusters and slower transmission rates compared to homosexual men.
A study published in Psychology and Health found that using cognitive tasks to exhaust self-regulatory capacity leads to decreased exercise motivation over time. Researchers suggest strategies like listening to music or making specific plans can help recharge willpower.
Joanna Fowler, a senior chemist at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will be awarded the National Medal of Science for her outstanding contributions to brain research and disease study. Her work using positron emission tomography (PET) has led to breakthroughs in understanding drug addiction and the human brain.
A new study found that investing in colorectal cancer screening programs could reduce treatment costs by more than half. The study suggests that the increasing use of expensive cancer drugs will make screening programs more cost-effective, making them a desirable investment for governments and insurance companies.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that using a drain after surgery to release a chronic subdural hematoma significantly reduces both mortality and hematoma recurrence. The study assessed 215 patients with chronic SDH who underwent burr-hole surgery, with a significant benefit observed in the group using a drain.
Researchers aim to understand impact of physical forces on vascular disease and neuro-degenerative disorders by stretching cells on an elastic membrane, simulating natural forces.
Reijmers is investigating the proteins involved in long-term memory storage, with potential applications in treating diseases like Alzheimer's. His research aims to understand the mechanisms of memory and apply them to various fields, including addiction, epilepsy, and spinal cord regeneration.
A new study reveals a link between climate fluctuations in the northern hemisphere and tropical regions. Glaciers in Europe, North America, and southern Peru moved together during the Little Ice Age, suggesting a global-scale pattern of glacier activity and climate change.
A new study shows that infants as young as five months old have established neural pathways to sense looming danger. As they become more mobile, their ability to process this information improves, with more mature infants able to respond faster.
A new study links climate swings in Peru's Andes to those in Europe and North America during the Little Ice Age. The research provides precise ages for glacial moraines, shedding light on global-scale glacier activity and climate patterns.
The study shows that aluminum atoms in the supporting material anchor platinum atoms, allowing them to group into rafts that provide ample space for catalytic reactions. Increasing the number of penta sites by raising the temperature during catalyst synthesis can lead to better dispersion of the platinum atoms.
Researchers discover a drug that inhibits TAK-1 enzyme, making pancreatic cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy. The combination of the drug with classic anti-cancer drugs shows significant tumor reduction and increased survival rates in mice.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab independently confirmed the production of two individual nuclei of element 114, each with 114 protons but different numbers of neutrons. The discovery removes doubts about the validity of previous claims and paves the way for further exploration of superheavy elements.
A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found no evidence of a 'July Phenomenon', where more medical errors occur due to new residents, despite widespread belief. The study analyzed data from a trauma registry and showed no differences in patient outcomes between July and other months.
A cohort study of 120 women who gave birth after receiving a kidney transplant found no differences in kidney function or patient survival compared to those who did not have children. The study's findings provide good news for kidney transplant women who fear getting pregnant due to concerns about their health and lifespan.
A recent clinical trial has found that the combination of clopidogrel and stomach medicines does not lead to adverse events. The COGENT trial involved 3,627 patients and showed a significant reduction in gastrointestinal events with PPI use.
A Mayo Clinic survey published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that most physicians agree on their professional obligation to address health policy issues and expand access to basic healthcare. However, some physicians oppose measures such as underinsuring patients or using cost-effectiveness data in treatment decisions.
Researchers used state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques to study chemoreceptors in bacteria, finding a consistent lattice structure with hexagonal symmetry across 13 different species. This discovery may provide insights into complex signaling pathways and the evolution of bacterial cells.
Research found that native English speakers who learned Hindi or Zulu as children retained the ability to quickly relearn and correctly identify phonemes from these languages, even if they didn't speak them anymore. Exposure to foreign languages in childhood has a lasting impact on speech perception.
Researchers found that statins have a double impact on lipid levels, with the wealthy experiencing a greater decline in cholesterol levels compared to the poor. This has contributed to expanding social disparities in cardiovascular disease treatment.
German researchers have uncovered new details about the heredity of Vitis varieties in cultivation today, potentially breaking a bottleneck in the progress of the wine industry. They discovered a double mutation that could lead to more accurate classification tools and effective marker-assisted breeding methods.
Wei-Jun Qian, a PNNL analytical chemist, has been awarded $1.5 million to develop more sensitive and reliable biomarker research and clinical diagnostic tools. His goal is to create a single test for 20 diseases using mass spectrometry instruments.
Researchers at Duke University have developed SurroundSense, an app that uses phone features to create a unique fingerprint of a space. The system achieves an average accuracy of 87% when all sensing capabilities are used, allowing it to tell whether a user is in a bar or a Target store.
Researchers at AFOSR are investigating carbon nanostructures for potential use in various military applications. They aim to develop materials with stable structures for molecular-level bonding and functional challenges.
Researchers discovered a genetic mutation in the DOCK8 gene that accounts for combined immunodeficiency, a previously undefined primary immune deficiency disease. This discovery provides a more accurate diagnosis for individuals with this rare condition and sheds light on its causes.
A US-led clinical trial in Thailand has found that an investigational vaccine regimen reduced the risk of HIV infection by 31% among vaccinated participants. The study, which enrolled over 16,000 adults, suggests a promising approach to preventing HIV transmission.
Recent research on the Cohen Y chromosome reveals that the Jewish priesthood was established by several unrelated male lines. The study, conducted by Michael F. Hammer and colleagues, found that a common male ancestor lived in the Near East around 3,200 years ago, giving rise to distinct lineages among Cohanim Jews.
UCI researchers developed a new approach using liposomes and peptides to precisely target cancer treatments to specific cells and organs. The study demonstrated effective delivery of doxorubicin to the liver with minimal uptake by other organs, offering a promising solution to reduce side effects.
A new study suggests Scandinavians are not direct descendants of hunter-gatherers who lived in the region during the Stone Age. The research uses DNA from ancient remains to investigate the spread of agriculture and livestock practices.
Researchers have developed a new device to measure plant species' flammability, allowing for improved fire risk maps. The technique measures combustion speed and heat emitted during burning, providing more accurate data than existing methods.
Researchers found that chronic sleep deprivation accelerates amyloid plaque deposition in mice with Alzheimer's disease. Orexin, a protein regulating the sleep cycle, appears directly involved in this process.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded $348 million in funding to encourage high-risk research and innovation. The funding is granted through three innovative research programs: the NIH Director's Transformative R01, Pioneer Awards, and New Innovator Awards.
A study estimates that excess body weight causes 124,050 new cancers in 2008 across European countries. The proportion of cases attributable to a BMI of 25kg/m2 or more is highest among women and in central European countries.
The Lennart Nilsson Award recognizes Carolyn Porco and Babak A. Tafreshi for their stunning images of Saturn and the night sky, inspiring new generations of astronomers and photographers. Their work showcases the beauty of the universe, from the rings of Saturn to the stars in remote locations.
A study found that childhood minimal change nephrotic syndrome can lead to lasting health effects, including osteoporosis and hypertension in adults. The condition may also cause reproductive problems, such as low sperm count and defective sperm.
Researchers at WPI's Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center have received funding from the NIH and NSF to study the bacterium that causes tuberculosis and develop engineered blood vessels. The work aims to create new treatments for infections and heart disease, and could lead to targets for a new class of antibiotics.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine are investigating the role of genetic susceptibility in colon cancer metastasis. By identifying specific genes and variants, they aim to develop new anti-cancer therapies and improve patient outcomes.
A new research project at Idaho National Laboratory will use an innovative approach to learn how to get more use from nuclear fuel. The team plans to put pure samples of common actinides into the Advanced Test Reactor, which will then be analyzed using accelerator mass spectroscopy.
A pioneering model of heart disease has been recognized with a $2.5 million NIH Pioneer Award, proposing that an antioxidant molecule may lead to disease when overproduced due to a gene mutation. Researcher Ivor J. Benjamin aims to investigate this theory and develop new treatments for reductive stress-related heart disease.
Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory will develop more accurate reactor simulations using data from experiments performed around the world. The new approach combines information from atomic level to meter scale, covering an unprecedented range of 15 orders of magnitude.
Case Western Reserve University researchers tested a key process for extracting oxygen from celestial soils on the 'vomit comet' ride, finding that sifters can work effectively in low gravity. The technology is essential for building a space outpost and has applications beyond lunar missions.
The Deep Impact spacecraft and Moon Mineralogy Mapper have found clear evidence of water on the lunar surface, which forms and dissipates each day. The data suggests that hydrogen ions from the sun interact with oxygen-rich minerals in lunar soil to produce water molecules.
A Phase I clinical study by M. D. Anderson Cancer Center shows huachansu, a Chinese medicine derived from toad venom, has low toxicities even at doses eight times higher than conventional ones. The treatment slowed disease progression in some patients with liver, lung, colon and pancreatic cancer.
A large study found pulmonary NTM disease increasing significantly in men and women in Florida and New York, with no changes in California. The disease is more common among women, particularly in the fifth or sixth decade of life.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation's Health Professional Awareness Grants support innovative projects promoting osteoporosis knowledge among clinicians and allied health professionals. Five grants were awarded to patient societies in Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Singapore for their awareness programs targeting health...
Researchers have identified highly radiosensitive patients who can guide personalized radiotherapy, avoiding severe side effects. The study aims to develop a blood test that can predict patient reaction to radiotherapy, enabling tailored treatment and improved tumour control.
The GAP study investigates the safety and effectiveness of IGIV in patients with mild to moderate AD, aiming to slow disease progression. Initial research suggests that IGIV may neutralize toxic forms of beta amyloid, promoting its elimination.
A study published in BioPsychoSocial Medicine reveals that patients with high levels of optimism and self-orientation may be less likely to lose weight. However, counseling and nutrition programs can help improve self-awareness and reduce psychological stress, leading to successful weight loss.
A study published in the British Journal of Cancer found that 60% of prostate cancer cases lack aggressive protein Hsp-27, allowing for careful monitoring instead of treatment. The research could lead to a blood test to distinguish between aggressive and non-aggressive forms of prostate cancer.
Researchers found that acetaminophen intervention restored Akt activity in aged muscles, improving cell size and reducing death. The study's results suggest the pain reliever may be beneficial for treating age-related muscle dysfunction.
The £30 million Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT) will create 80 new positions and become the UK's principal centre for counteracting malicious cyber-attacks. Leading edge research will help keep crime off the internet, combat anti-social behaviour, and safeguard electronic information.
A new preclinical drug test platform developed by researchers in Hamburg enables analysis of tumour tissue for individual patient drug responses on the molecular level. This allows for more accurate extrapolation of response from preclinical cell models to patients, reducing the risk of toxicity and improving clinical trial efficiency.
A recent study published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry suggests that adolescent depression and anxiety disorders are not the same thing. The research, led by Dr. William W. Hale III, found that these two conditions have different symptoms and characteristics, contrary to current classification in the DSM-V.
Two studies found that the DISC1 gene regulates neuronal development by interacting with Girdin, an actin-binding protein. Disrupted interactions lead to abnormal neurogenesis and a disorganized hippocampus. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR rescues defects in neuronal development.
Schering-Plough has awarded ten $5,000 scholarships to high school seniors with asthma who are pursuing higher education. The recipients demonstrated outstanding performance and a track record of achievement in their entry category.
Research published in Environmental Health found an increased risk of oral clefts and neural tube defects among children born to mothers exposed to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) during pregnancy. The study, conducted in Cape Cod towns between 1969-1983, suggests a link between PCE exposure and birth defects.
Researchers at MIT have designed a retinal implant that can help restore some vision in individuals who have lost their sight due to these conditions. The chip stimulates nerve cells in the retina to bypass damaged layers and transmit signals to the brain.
The Arthritis Foundation of India Trust has won the prestigious IOF Linda Edwards Memorial Award for its innovative campaigns to raise awareness about osteoporosis. The organization, established in 2002, has been recognized for its efforts to improve bone health and patient care across India.
A new study has associated Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) with Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and aggressive skin cancer. The study found that nearly all patients with Merkel cell carcinoma carried antibodies against MCPyV, suggesting a strong link between the virus and the disease.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have found that evolution can only go forward, as genetic mutations block paths to ancestral genes. The team resurrected ancient proteins and manipulated them to study reverse evolution, discovering that restrictive mutations act like an evolutionary ratchet, preventing reversal.