Surrogates are divided on how much guidance they want from doctors when making end-of-life medical choices for critically ill patients. While a slight majority prefer doctor's advice, many feel burdened by guilt and value patient's values over physician input.
Researchers from Imperial College London and Pfizer Research and Development found that urine samples can be used to predict how individuals will respond to certain drugs. The study looked at acetaminophen levels in urine before and after consumption and found that compounds like para-cresol sulphate were indicators of drug metabolism.
Research in cirrhosis patients reveals low bone formation and increased resorption leading to fragile bones. The study highlights the importance of correcting factors such as inadequate sunlight exposure, reduced physical activity, and vitamin D deficiency to improve bone health.
Researchers found that estrogen temperes the killing activity of cytotoxic T cells through the molecule EBAG9. In its absence, CTLs release more tumor-killing enzymes, making them more effective at attacking cancer cells.
Children with lower self-control tend to have higher BMIs and more weight gain, according to a study published in The Journal of Pediatrics. Parents' attempts to restrict their child's food access can actually exacerbate the problem by making forbidden foods more attractive.
A Stanford professor has successfully sequenced his entire genome for under $50,000 and with a team of just two people. The breakthrough demonstrates that genome sequencing can be democratized, enabling anyone to access the information, which can lead to personalized medicine and better understanding of traits and health.
Researchers found no significant correlations between laboratory test measurements and asthma exacerbations among study participants. A large, longitudinal study provided the most comprehensive analysis to date of factors thought to be useful in predicting asthma attacks.
A new material developed at the University of Virginia can visualize even minute levels of oxygen in tumors, which are associated with increased cancer aggressiveness. This technology has great promise for being able to perform measurements of tumor hypoxia cost-effectively and could lead to more effective treatments.
Researchers identified TLR9 expression patterns as a key factor in determining molecule toxicity between mice and humans. In mice, other immune cells expressing TLR9 were responsible for TNF-alpha production, leading to severe lung inflammation and toxicity.
Researchers have made the crystal/liquid interface visible for the first time using tiny plastic balls to model states of matter. The study reveals a narrow region known as the 'zone of confusion' where the boundary between solid and liquid states fluctuates rapidly, contradicting previous theories.
Researchers found that STAT3 inhibits the growth and self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells, suggesting a promising target for cancer therapy. The study demonstrates the potential of STAT3 inhibitors to stop tumor formation and offers a new approach to treating this devastating brain cancer.
A survey conducted in Ohio found that Latin Americans were viewed most negatively by residents, with poor ratings on characteristics such as wealth and intelligence. In contrast, Asian immigrants received high marks for being self-sufficient and Europeans were seen as the most fitting in with American culture.
A new study published in the American Cancer Society's journal finds that young women with early-stage ovarian cancer can preserve future fertility by conserving at least one ovary or the uterus. Researchers analyzed data from over 1,800 patients and found those who conserved an ovary had similar survival rates for up to five years.
A University of Cincinnati study reveals women report more sleep disruption than men, attributing it to the unequal distribution of family care responsibilities. The research found that women's lives are more likely to be fragmented by work and family demands, resulting in increased sleep disturbance.
Recent simulations by astrophysicists reveal that the first black holes in the universe grew slowly and were deprived of gas, contradicting popular theories. The simulations suggest that these early black holes may have played a more complex role in the formation of supermassive black holes observed today.
Mutations in the PTRF gene have been found to cause a form of muscular dystrophy with generalized lipodystrophy. The disease is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and deficiency of caveolin-3 protein.
New research confirms human-induced warming increases atmospheric water vapor content, a greenhouse gas amplifying global warming. Climate models' ability to identify this effect is not influenced by their quality.
Researchers created a mouse model with low kalirin levels that developed schizophrenia symptoms as an adolescent, mimicking human delayed onset. The study suggests stimulating kalirin activity could help alleviate cognitive symptoms, offering new treatment direction.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory researchers have devised a versatile hybrid platform that uses lipid-coated nanowires to build prototype bionanoelectronic devices. The platform enhances biosensing and diagnostic tools, advances neural prosthetics such as cochlear implants, and could increase the efficiency of future computers.
A decade of research in the Eastern Himalayas has uncovered over 350 new species, including a prehistoric 100-million-year-old gecko and the world's smallest deer. Climate change threatens this biological treasure trove, putting cultural and biological diversity at risk.
Researchers at the University of Utah created a vaginal gel that turns semisolid in response to semen, trapping AIDS virus particles. The gel, designed to protect women from HIV infection, works by forming a microscopic mesh that blocks the virus from infecting vaginal cells.
A study by researchers at the Salk Institute has found that tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial role in controlling somatic cell reprogramming. The study showed that p53 activation prevents cells from reverting back to a less specialized state, which could have implications for cancer development and pluripotent stem cell technology.
Research shows that approximately 25-35% of American adults are inactive, doubling their risk of developing numerous health conditions. A leading exercise scientist emphasizes the importance of physical activity in delaying mental decline and brain health problems.
Research shows that temporary workers are susceptible to declining mental health due to unstable employment. Contingent workers report more symptoms of depression and psychological distress than similarly employed workers in stable positions.
Researchers at the University of Michigan used brain imaging to study the effects of acupuncture on chronic pain. They found that traditional Chinese acupuncture increases binding availability of mu-opoid receptors in regions processing and dampening pain signals, leading to reduced pain levels.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that mothers tend to follow their own mothers' parenting practices, such as spanking and affection, but fathers do not. The study also revealed a significant shift in parenting practices over two generations, with increased emphasis on reading and affection shown to children.
Researchers at the University of Haifa discovered that greater empathy for native speakers can lighten accents in a second language. The study also found a link between accent heaviness and sociopolitical position, particularly among Arabic speakers who hold differing sentiments towards the Hebrew-speaking majority group.
A new study by Ohio State University found that college major is a significant factor contributing to the ongoing gender wage gap. Women are often segregated into majors that lead to lower-paying careers, exacerbating the existing income inequality. The research suggests that this phenomenon has become more pronounced over time.
A new study by Michael Hout and Claude S. Fischer of the University of California, Berkeley, suggests that the growth in number of Americans citing no religion may be slower than previously reported. The researchers found that the trend continued through 2008, with a possible stagnant growth period in late 90s and early 2000s.
The study uncovered the unlikely genetic suspect, FOXC1, which critically contributes to Dandy-Walker malformation, a brain defect causing mental retardation and motor delays. The discovery provides new mechanisms and potentially improves treatment for the disorder, offering insights into embryonic brain development.
Researchers found that mutations in the INPP5E gene lead to impaired balance, mental retardation, and polycystic kidney disease. The study suggests that targeting the phosphatylinositol pathway with existing drugs may help treat ciliopathies.
Patients who received radiotherapy for low-grade glioma brain tumors showed significant cognitive decline compared to those who did not receive treatment. The study found that attentional functioning, executive functioning, and information processing speed were lower in patients given radiotherapy. Deferring treatment or using modern r...
A large-scale longitudinal study found that nearly fifty percent of women supervisors reported sexual harassment in the workplace, compared to only one-third of women who do not supervise others. The study also revealed that male co-workers and clients used harassment as a means of control against women in power.
According to renowned canine researcher Stanley Coren, dogs' mental abilities are close to a human child age 2 to 2.5 years. Dogs can learn up to 165 words, including signals, and some breeds excel in specific areas such as working and obedience intelligence.
Research at the American Sociological Association reveals that highly educated black women are less likely to get married and have children compared to their white counterparts. The gap in marriage rates has grown over the decades, with 45% of black women born between 1955-1960 being childless by age 45.
Research by the American Psychological Association found that while money may improve life's comfort level, it doesn't necessarily contribute to happiness or life's pleasant moments. A focus on psychological wealth can help people adapt to good and bad events, providing a more sustainable path to happiness.
Prison environments can benefit from behavior modification techniques, such as systematic reinforcement of pro-social behaviors. Decreasing prison populations is also crucial, particularly for those with high-risk behavior, and providing job training to help prisoners reintegrate into society.
Indiana University researchers examine how rural LGBTQ youth use the internet to find representation, while dog owners' attitudes towards animals are influenced by cultural logics and personal experiences. Additionally, students perceive bullying as a false dichotomy, with themselves labeling as non-bullies even if engaging in behavior...
Research suggests that students cheat more when focused on grades and test scores. Experts recommend shifting the focus to learning and understanding, rather than just achieving high marks. By doing so, teachers can create a more conducive environment where cheating is less likely to occur.
Parents play a crucial role in preventing childhood obesity, which has quadrupled over the last 40 years. By teaching healthy eating habits and encouraging physical activity, parents can significantly reduce their child's risk of developing weight-related problems.
A recent study by Temple researchers found that heavy drinking is more likely to lead to heavy smoking among adolescents, highlighting the need for a multi-pronged approach to education and intervention. The study's findings emphasize the importance of addressing both topics together to combat this growing health risk.
Researchers found that reading emotion verbs activates specific facial muscles, even if the reader is unaware of it. This phenomenon was replicated in another experiment where subliminal presentation of emotion words influenced cartoon ratings.
Only two human embryonic stem cell lines, H1 and H9, have been used routinely in research, with the majority of requests coming from these lines. This finding raises concerns about the impact on future research and the need for a more diverse range of cell lines.
A randomized study found that a program combining electronic health records and proactive patient outreach kept lipid and blood pressure levels at controlled, healthy levels for two years after discharge. The study's results suggest that using technology can help support patients in maintaining treatment goals and medication adherence.
Hurricane Felicia is weakening as it approaches Hawaii, with forecasters predicting landfall on Monday. The storm's minimum central pressure is rising, indicating a weakening storm, and cooler waters will continue to sap its strength.
Researchers from TGen and Scottsdale Healthcare presented two significant advances in treating lung cancer, including a potential method to prevent brain metastasis. A drug called TH-302 showed promising results in clinical trials, achieving stable disease or better in 75% of patients with small cell lung cancer.
Researchers found that adult fruit flies died after being exposed to carbon nanoparticles, while larvae showed no effects. The particles seemed to cause physical harm, such as clogging breathing holes and coating compound eyes.
Emory Health Sciences has received $10 million in NIH ARRA grants to advance research in areas like organ transplantation, pulmonary diseases, and addiction. The funding also supports students and teachers through summer research positions.
A new computer program called Scaffold Hunter helps researchers identify potential active agents for cancer and malaria treatment by navigating the vast ocean of molecules. The program generates maps of chemically-related structures and links them to biological activity, identifying promising candidates.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that guided care patients spent 24% fewer hospital days and 37% fewer skilled nursing facility days compared to usual care. Guided Care programs could save Medicare over $15 billion every year, according to the study.
NOAA will participate in a private research expedition to study the impact of the USS Monitor wreck on local marine life. The survey will examine species such as fish, crustaceans, and coral, as well as lionfish, which may be harming the site's ecosystem.
A study found that women's stress levels increased when they believed in mammography's efficacy, while those coming in for diagnostic tests felt less stress as their belief grew. Healthcare providers should consider patient stage and tailor services to reduce stress.
A chemical found in blueberry leaves has shown a strong effect in blocking the replication of the Hepatitis C virus, which affects 200 million people worldwide. The compound, proanthocyanidin, is similar to chemicals found in grapes and wine and is considered safe as a dietary supplement.
NOAA is conducting a three-week research expedition to study World War II shipwrecks sunk in 1942 off the coast of North Carolina. The expedition aims to document the condition of these vessels and preserve their historic sites, which serve as 'time capsules from one of the darkest times in the nation's history.'
Bladder urothelial cells sense fullness of urine through TRPV4 protein activation, which triggers Ca2+ influx and ATP release. The discovery may lead to treatment of bladder disorders such as overactive bladder and pollakiuria.
Researchers found that teaching resilience and a sense of purpose in schools can reduce depressive symptoms, increase optimism, and boost learning. The Penn Resiliency Program and Positive Psychology Program were successful in improving life satisfaction and academic performance.
A study found that cetuximab was not cost-effective for all patients with advanced colorectal cancer. However, it showed promise when used in patients whose tumors had wild-type KRAS genes. The authors suggest restricting cetuximab treatment to these patients to save costs.
Researchers discovered Alc1's chromatin remodeling enzyme activity is strongly activated by NAD and Parp1. This suggests a mechanism for Parp1 and poly(ADP-ribose) to function in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and DNA replication
A study of 6,476 adults aged 70+ found no link between cognitive decline and socioeconomic status. However, seniors who never married or are widowers tend to perform poorer as they age.
Professor Graham Kendall's software programme automatically plans Christmas and New Year fixtures for 92 teams, considering guidelines to ease policing and transport pressure. The algorithm prevents local derbies, ensures balanced match schedules, and limits London clubs' home games.