A statistical modeling study found that alcohol abuse may lead to an increased risk of depression, rather than the reverse. The study used data from a 25-year study of health and development in New Zealand, finding that individuals with alcohol problems were 1.9 times more likely to also have major depression.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have created a corn variety with increased biomass, which can be used as an energy crop and as feed for livestock. The modified plants produce larger stalks and more leaves, leading to increased sugar content in the stalks.
A study finds that nonindigenous fish species, such as catfish and largemouth bass, are preying on juvenile salmonids, posing a significant threat to native populations. The research highlights the need for more funding and attention to invasive species impacts on salmon.
An international team will explore subglacial Lake Ellsworth in Antarctica for unique life forms and clues about climate change. The five-year project aims to acquire technologies needed to sample water from the lake and extract sediment from its bed, shedding light on life's existence in extreme environments.
A new vaccine formula has been discovered that boosts T cell immunity to protect humans from bird flu, a highly virulent virus. The formula adds a potent immune modulator to existing flu vaccines, improving their effectiveness and providing potential protection against a pandemic.
A recent study in mice found that high levels of EAAT2 protein decreased abdominal pain by 50-70%. The protein acts on glutamate, preventing it from interacting with receptors that send pain signals. Researchers hope EAAT2 may treat visceral pain associated with gastrointestinal disorders like IBS.
A study of urban single mothers nearing the end of their welfare eligibility found a high prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders, affecting up to 60% of participants. Despite these challenges, many remain untreated, with only 21.7% receiving treatment for psychiatric disorders in the previous 12 months.
Researchers developed a cell-permeable inhibitor of the mouse protein RANK, which blocks osteoclast formation and function, preventing bone destruction. The compound protected against bone loss in two mouse models, suggesting similar drugs may be beneficial for individuals with diseases involving bone destruction.
A new study forecasts the likelihood of climate factors matching at geographically distant airline departure and destination points, enabling more efficient detection and interception of invasive species. The model uses recent forecast data for climate change and air traffic volumes, predicting a peak risk in June 2010.
A recent study by SAGE found that Mexican immigrants face harsher treatment in California than Texas, with more anti-immigrant policies and lower wages. The longer they stay in the US, the fewer disadvantages they face.
Researchers at Uppsala University have discovered a previously unknown protein in the lungs that plays a crucial role in an autoimmune lung disorder. This breakthrough may lead to new diagnostic methods and insights into common public health disorders like asthma and chronic bronchitis.
New research finds that universal childhood vaccination against meningococcal C has significantly reduced the incidence of the most deadly strain of bacterial meningitis in Canada. Provinces with early implementation of the vaccine program showed a dramatic decline in cases, while those introduced later showed no major changes.
A new testosterone patch designed to boost female sex drive after menopause has been found ineffective, with small improvements and large placebo responses reported in clinical trials. The treatment's long-term safety is also unknown due to short trial duration and high side effect rates.
Researchers have successfully infected pig-tailed macaques with a human version of HIV, creating an animal model for studying prevention methods. The new strain, simian-tropic HIV-1 (stHIV-1), can spread almost as quickly as in humans and persists for several months.
A new study found that over 20% of sexual assaults were drug-facilitated, with victims more likely to present in urban centers and have consumed substances before the assault. The study's authors highlight the need for education and public awareness campaigns to combat this issue.
A study of over 6,500 children found those not meeting recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables were more likely to be male, older, and from low-income households. The research also showed that fruit consumption varied significantly among race, ethnicity, and household income.
Formal swimming lessons have been shown to reduce the risk of drowning among children aged 1-4 years. Children who took swimming lessons were less likely to drown compared to those who didn't receive formal instruction.
A longitudinal study of infants found that TV viewing before age 2 does not improve language and visual motor skills. Maternal, child, and household characteristics are more influential in a child's cognitive development.
Two studies published in CMAJ found that mothers who received educational materials on newborn care had increased knowledge and behaviors that prevented shaken baby syndrome. The materials, including a booklet and DVD, provided coping mechanisms for frustrated parents and emphasized the dangers of shaking infants.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that drinking one glass of wine a day may lower the risk of Barrett's Esophagus by 56%. The study also suggests that antioxidants in wine may neutralize oxidative damage caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is a risk factor for Barrett's Esophagus.
A new study found that angiogenesis inhibitors, which starve tumors of their blood supply, can sometimes promote more invasive cancer growth and increase the incidence of metastases. Researchers call for further studies to determine if the drugs affect tumors in patients as they do in mouse models.
A survey of US teens aged 10-14 found that owning alcohol-branded merchandise was associated with increased susceptibility to drinking and binge drinking. The most commonly owned items were clothing and headwear, often featuring beer brands.
Studies in Canada and US show that educational materials on infant crying increased mothers' knowledge of new triggers for shaking. The materials also influenced mothers to share information with caregivers about coping strategies and warned them about the dangers of shaking an infant.
A new study in Annals of Internal Medicine found that patients connected to a specific primary care physician are more likely to receive guideline-consistent care than those without a connection. Researchers also discovered that connectedness was associated with smaller disparities in screening rates, but not race or ethnicity.
A Yale University study found varenicline significantly reduced heavy-drinking smokers' alcohol consumption and cravings. The drug also showed no adverse effects when combined with low doses of alcohol.
Researchers from Indiana University School of Medicine recommend using rifampin instead of isoniazid for treating non-active TB in children who are immigrants, internationally adopted or refugees. This change aims to prevent the development of active TB and reduce healthcare costs.
Researchers at WashU Medicine found that methadone is processed differently than previously thought, leading to under- or overdosing. The study suggests better dosing guidelines could improve treatment outcomes and reduce fatalities related to methadone use.
Research found that young ex-military personnel are up to three times more likely to take their own lives than civilians, with those under 24 years old and in lower ranks being most vulnerable. The study suggests exposure to adverse experiences during military service may play a role in the increased suicide risk.
A study of 1,698 young adults found that those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were more likely to attempt suicide than those exposed to traumatic events without developing PTSD. The researchers suggest that PTSD may be associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have developed a technique to generate solid organs using stem cells. By utilizing microcirculatory beds and a bioreactor, the team can keep tissue healthy enough for reimplantation into a second animal, overcoming the major hurdle of blood supply in tissue engineering. The techniqu...
A Purdue University researcher has developed a device that uses high-voltage coils to create ozone inside sealed food packages, killing harmful bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella. The process eliminates the need for external devices or added ingredients, making it a potential game-changer in ensuring food safety.
Engineers at the University of Leeds have discovered a method to clean contaminated water by adding vinegar, stimulating the growth of naturally-occurring bacteria that alter chemical make-up of chromium compounds. This treatment reduces the risk of cancer, kidney problems, and other health issues associated with chromate chemicals.
Blacksburg, VA-based Louis A. Madsen will focus on revealing new aspects of charged polymers in water purification and fuel cells through detailed analysis and computer modeling techniques. His project aims to improve the performance of advanced polymers for sustainable energy production and distribution.
A new study found that only about 10 percent of adolescents needing help for substance abuse problems enter treatment due to a lack of adolescent-only services. The study also revealed that few high-quality programs exist for teens, and those that do often have limitations.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that one out of every four children with concussions experience significant post-concussive symptoms, which may last longer for those with more severe injuries. Classifying concussions as high-risk or low-risk could help physicians provide targeted treatment and intervene earlier to improve ...
A new poll by National Sleep Foundation finds that 1/3 of Americans are losing sleep due to economic concerns and personal financial worries. The poll highlights the negative impact of inadequate sleep on health, safety, and productivity.
A study found that drug-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses carrying a neuraminidase gene mutation can retain significant transmissibility and pathogenicity in hospitalized patients. These viruses have been linked to severe illnesses and deaths in immunocompromised individuals.
A new study from Stanford University School of Medicine found that brain activity patterns differ in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder compared to those without the condition. The research suggests that increased attention to one's own responses to erotic stimuli may play a role in sexual dysfunction.
The International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care has submitted recommendations to the Obama administration, emphasizing the need for a proactive approach to strengthen US HIV/AIDS programs and global health initiatives. The organization advocates for scaling up HIV prevention activities in developing countries and promoting evi...
The March 2009 issue of BioScience explores new tools for weed science, the role of field stations in cultivating biologists, and quantifying ecosystem services. Researchers argue that changes in connectivity drive desertification and highlight the importance of nonindigenous species affecting salmon populations.
A new study by physician researchers has identified an increased prevalence of left-handedness in children with hemifacial microsomia, a congenital disorder that affects the development of the lower half of the face. The study found 26% of patients were left-hand dominant compared to 11% in the control group.
A Tel Aviv University researcher is studying how the uterus contracts before embryo implantation, suggesting optimal timing and positioning can improve IVF success rates. The research aims to reduce the risk of multiple births and genetic diseases in IVF babies.
A new study found that young men aged 24 or less who leave the UK Armed Forces have a two to three times higher risk of suicide compared to their peers. The risk is highest in those with short lengths of service and lower ranks, suggesting pre-military vulnerabilities may play a role.
A gene variant in the MET gene may contribute to increased risk of co-occurring medical conditions in individuals with autism. The study found that disrupted signaling of the MET gene is linked to a syndrome including autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction.
A study of over 3,000 children found that spending more than two hours a day watching TV doubles the risk of developing asthma by age 11.5. The research, published in Thorax, suggests a complex relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and asthma.
A study has discovered two distinct molecular pathways controlling Treg cell formation, which could lead to new treatments for autoimmune disorders and chronic infections. The research suggests that bypassing a molecular breakdown triggering autoimmunity may be possible through the peripheral lymphoid system.
A new study compares cholesterol treatment in HIV patients and those without HIV, finding that lipid-lowering therapies are effective but not as effective as in non-HIV patients. The study suggests using fibrates with NNRTIs to manage triglyceride levels in HIV patients.
A new study published in Ophthalmology highlights the association between skin moles and freckles and a higher risk of uveal melanoma, while also reassuring on the low infection rates following cataract surgery. The research found that people with atypical moles are 2.8 times more likely to develop uveal melanoma.
The American Geological Institute (AGI) has released a report on the state of the geoscience economy, analyzing productive activity, commodity pricing, and gross domestic product contribution. The report integrates data from various sources to provide a comprehensive view of the geosciences workforce and economic indicators.
UT Southwestern researchers Dr. Jennifer Kohler and Dr. Joseph Ready have been awarded Sloan fellowships to support their research in chemistry. They will each receive $50,000 over two years to pursue innovative projects in carbohydrate interactions with cancer cells and antibiotic development.
A new Clinical Research Chair in Transplantation has been established at the University of Western Ontario to improve organ transplant outcomes for patients like Pat Davis, who received a kidney transplant after being told it was impossible.
Women with low vitamin B12 levels have a 5 times increased risk of having a child with a neural tube defect compared to those with high levels. Vegans and vegetarians are at higher risk due to limited food sources, while intestinal disorders can also lead to deficiencies.
A new study uses airborne technology to analyze the impact of large herbivores on African savannas, finding that their presence leads to less plant growth and more bare ground. The research also reveals structural differences in vegetation between herbivore-free and grazing areas.
A University of Pennsylvania team has successfully demonstrated a noninvasive optical device to monitor cerebral blood flow in acute stroke patients. The technology uses diffuse correlation spectroscopy to detect physiological changes, providing continuous bedside monitoring of brain blood flow and metabolism.
Researchers at U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center identified a gene called ATDC that is overexpressed in 90% of pancreatic cancers, making cells resistant to chemotherapy. The study found that targeting this gene may make cancer cells more sensitive to existing therapies.
A study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that varenicline (Chantix) did not worsen mood symptoms or side effects in smokers with a likely history of depression. The COMPASS trial tracked over 1,100 patients and detected only one serious psychiatric event involving suicidal thoughts.
Researchers identify PARF motif bacteria as cause of rheumatic fever, a precursor to rheumatic heart disease. A new test strip reacting to the PARF motif is being developed to filter out cases and treat them at an early stage.
A study by Berman et al. reveals that mitochondrial size and shape are regulated by fusion, fission, growth, and degradation processes. The researchers found that a protein called Bcl-xL manages the number, size, and energy-producing capacity of mitochondria.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have discovered that proteins fold incorrectly many times before forming the correct structure, with amino acids central to function causing misfolding. The study, which looked at the Im7 protein, has huge implications for understanding protein sequences and disease balance.
McGill University is proud to announce that Andrew Hendry and Karim Nader have received the E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship for their innovative research in eco-evolutionary dynamics and post-traumatic stress disorder, respectively.
A recent study found that children as young as 8 years old who wear contact lenses have improved perceptions of their physical appearance, athletic competitiveness, and social acceptance compared to those wearing glasses. The researchers suggest that nearsighted children should be given the option to select contact lenses over glasses.
A study by Jean-Marc Lassance and Christer Löfstedt found that female moths can distinguish between males of different ancestries and reproductive fitness based on their pheromone composition. This ability allows females to select mates that are more likely to produce offspring with the same genetic makeup, driving species formation.
A study of 163 children found that those rated as more impulsive in kindergarten were more likely to engage in gambling behaviors by the sixth grade. The research suggests that behavioral features such as inattentiveness and hyperactivity at school entry can be a vulnerability factor for precocious risk-oriented behavior like gambling.
A UCLA study found that broccoli sprouts triggered an increase in antioxidant enzymes, offering protection against free radical damage and inflammation. The researchers discovered a significant increase in these enzymes after consuming 100g or higher of broccoli sprouts.
Researchers found that using a novel water method for unsedated colonoscopy improved cecal intubation rates and patient willingness to repeat the procedure. The study also revealed that the duration of the interval between bowel preparation completion and colonoscopy start time predicts prep quality.
Researchers uncover way to genetically modify Clostridium difficile and solve mystery surrounding its toxicity, revealing toxin B as the cause of severe disease. The discovery has the potential to save lives and healthcare systems billions of dollars annually.
French and American scientists used synchrotron holotomography to reveal the first fossil brain, a 300-million-year-old relative of sharks and ratfish. The discovery sheds light on brain evolution during major transitions and demonstrates the potential for microtomographic techniques in studying fossil brains.
Studies reveal that PICK1 protein plays a crucial role in acrosome formation, and its deficiency leads to low sperm count and abnormal sperm movement in male mice. This discovery may shed new light on the human disorder of globozoospermia, which affects male fertility.
UK astronomers using NASA Swift Satellite captured an ultraviolet spectrum of a gamma ray burst just 251 seconds after its onset, marking the earliest ever recorded. This breakthrough allows for calculations of distance and brightness within hundreds of seconds and provides new insights into GRB causes and host galaxies.
A systematic review methodology is proposed to collate and synthesize high-quality research evidence on gene-disease associations. The approach emphasizes identifying true genetic associations amidst a large volume of false positives.
A recent study by Brown University researchers has found a gully fan system on Mars that formed about 1.25 million years ago, indicating melt water from nearby snow and ice deposits. The discovery extends the time water may have been active on Mars, adding to evidence of a recent ice age.
Researchers at University at Buffalo and Italy's University of Trieste found a potential link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS). Higher levels of anti-EBV antibodies were associated with increased loss of gray matter and total brain volume over time.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center have discovered a new targeted intervention for Barth Syndrome, a genetic disorder causing heart and muscle failure in children. The study identified iPLA2-VIA as a potential target for therapeutic intervention, showing promise for treating the disease.
Researchers developed a virus that knocks out bacterial defense systems, enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics. The engineered virus targets specific bacterial genes, preventing resistance from developing and increasing survival rates in mice infected with resistant bacteria.
Scientists engineer a covalent immunization approach that provides immediate protection against diseases, overcoming traditional vaccine drawbacks such as lag time. The method uses adapter molecules to trigger universal immune reactions, potentially revolutionizing disease prevention.
Scientists have identified a key molecule in Apert Syndrome, a severe form of craniosynostosis that affects one in every 2500 live births. By 'dampening down' the levels of this molecule, FGF10, they demonstrated for the first time that it can reverse the effects of the disease.
A new study found that an educational program increasing knowledge of infant crying and its prevention increased mother's awareness and sharing of strategies for coping with frustrating infant cries. The PURPLE Crying Program showed a 6% increase in knowledge about crying and shaking among mothers.
Researchers have identified two distinct molecular pathways that control the formation of regulatory T cells (Treg), which are vital in limiting undesirable immune responses. The study shows that if a gene called Carma1 isn't expressed normally, Treg development is impaired in the thymus, but alternative pathways can compensate.
A team of scientists discovered the oldest fossil brain in a 300-million-year-old fossilized iniopterygian from Kansas. The brain is symmetrical and has a large lobe for vision, reflecting the fish's massive eye sockets.
Research by UNSW reveals oestrogen reduces energy burning after eating, resulting in more stored fat around the body. Oestrogen's role in regulating body fat has implications for dietary advice and exercise regimes during pregnancy.
A new study from Boston University School of Medicine found a genetic link between the MANEA gene, cocaine dependence, and cocaine-induced paranoia. The researchers identified six markers in the MANEA gene that are associated with an increased risk of cocaine-induced paranoia.
A Brown University study found that the frontal lobe controls decision-making along a continuum from abstract to concrete, with damage affecting higher-level functions but not lower ones. The research suggests specific areas of the frontal cortex are required for different levels of abstract decision-making.
A Northwestern University-developed optical technology accurately detects pancreatic cancer in neighboring tissue, showing promise for early diagnosis. The method uses novel light-scattering techniques to analyze subtle changes in cells, distinguishing between healthy and diseased samples with 95% sensitivity.
A recent study published in PLoS Medicine found that the WHO Child Growth Standards are more accurate than the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) charts in predicting mortality risk for malnourished children. The researchers analyzed data from over 60,000 children in Niger and found that the WHO standards were the most acc...
Mudslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake may release significant amounts of greenhouse gas, including carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, into the atmosphere. The study found that the ecosystem impacts of these mudslides could be equivalent to twice the loss of nitrogen from California ecosystems due to wildfires.
Researchers at the University of Calgary have identified a new stress response mechanism in the brain, where stress triggers a protein that removes the ability to slow down the stress response. This finding may lead to a better understanding of the changes in sensitivity to stress resulting from chronic exposure.
A Duke University-led study found that converting land to conservation reserves is a cheaper and more efficient way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions than using it for corn-based ethanol production. The researchers suggest that cellulosic ethanol production, which uses switchgrass or other species, may be a better option in the future.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have developed a prenatal testing method for identifying tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in the womb. The technique, which sequences TSC genes in amniotic fluid cells, has been shown to detect nearly 93% of mutations, offering improved treatment options for affected families.
Research reveals marked gender and race differences in children's moral behaviors, both in the real and virtual worlds. African American children were more likely to view morally questionable virtual behaviors as acceptable when they benefited individual goals.
A study found that airborne fungal groups Cladosporium and Mycelia sterilia are more common in urban areas with high vehicular traffic, contributing to the region's high asthma incidence. The research suggests a link between environmental triggers and genetic susceptibility, shedding light on the complex factors driving the epidemic.
A Cornell Food & Brand Lab study shows that giving vegetables fun names like X-Ray Vision Carrots boosts their consumption in preschoolers. The researchers found that these names can even influence kids' eating habits the next day.
Researchers analyzed medical examiner records and found that swimming lessons provided some protection against drowning for young children. However, lessons alone are not enough to prevent drowning, and parents should still exercise caution when children are near water.
Children and teens of parents with bipolar disorder have an increased risk of developing bipolar spectrum disorder and other psychiatric disorders, according to a study. The risk is higher for those with two parents having bipolar disorder, with an increased likelihood of early-onset bipolar disorder and mood disorders.
A new study suggests low levels of vitamin B12 may increase neural tube defects risk. Doctors agree pregnant women can thrive on well-planned vegan diets, offering nutritional benefits like lower saturated fat and higher fiber.
A major international diabetes study of over 52,000 patients from eight countries found that using biphasic BIAsp 30 insulin resulted in significant clinical improvements and greater patient satisfaction. The study showed a 53% reduction in blood glucose levels below seven percent, with major hypoglycaemia incidents falling by 94%.
A recent study reports a significant increase in oseltamivir-resistant influenza A viruses, posing a challenge to treatment and vaccination strategies. The study found that resistant cases had similar demographic characteristics as susceptible cases, but no association with oseltamivir use.
Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a protein complex that plays a pivotal role in controlling the ability of embryonic stem cells to become any cell type. The finding is an important advance in harnessing the unique abilities of embryonic stem cells to treat disease and generate replacement tissue.