Despite exercising for three months, octogenarian women failed to increase muscle mass, but showed improved efficiency in activating and synchronizing their muscles. The study suggests that it's essential to build as much muscle mass as possible earlier in life to ensure more strength in later years.
A recent review of published articles suggests bed bug bites are unlikely to transmit disease, but may cause skin reactions. Effective treatments for symptomatic bed bug bites have not been established, and eradication is complicated by insecticide resistance.
Consumers who focus on long-term goals exert self-control and resist unhealthy urges, even when faced with repeated challenges. Long-term goal-focused individuals linked health tasks to important goals, boosting self-control and reducing the impact of fatigue.
Researchers found that backcasters, who imagine future feelings and consider event information, predict more extreme emotions than forecasters. This approach could benefit marketers by changing consumers' expectations about their feelings after an event.
A study by Cedric Herring found that companies with a diverse workforce reported significantly higher sales revenue, customer numbers, and profitability. The research analyzed data from the National Organizations Survey and found that racial diversity was a key predictor of business outcomes.
Researchers at Duke University have developed an approach using magnetism to manipulate human cells, forming chains that can promote the growth of blood vessels. The iron-containing nanoparticles used by the researchers are suspended within a liquid known as a ferrofluid, allowing them to readily manipulate the chain formation.
A study by Joseph P. Redden and Stephen J. Hoch found that variety in optical illusions leads to underestimation of quantity, causing individuals to pour more when faced with a mix of items. This perception affects food portions and may contribute to overeating.
Astrocytes, supportive brain cells, produce inflammatory mediators in response to viral infection. The study provides new insights into the complex mechanisms of inflammation and has significant implications for diagnosis and treatment of brain infections.
A study published in Journal of Intensive Care Medicine found that patients who received coronary angiography after cardiac arrest were twice as likely to survive without significant brain damage. Coronary angiography, an imaging procedure that shows blood flow through the heart, was independently associated with good neurologic outcomes.
A Virginia Tech and Wake Forest University study found that altering taste and smell can negatively impact cancer patients' survival chances. Researchers identified management strategies to improve taste and odor abnormalities in cancer patients.
African Americans are disproportionately affected by AIDS, yet few are pursuing HIV/AIDS research due to historical, social, and other factors. Recommendations from UCLA researchers aim to reverse the trend by supporting partnerships, retraining, mentorship, and culturally congruent research.
A Seattle-based study published in JAMA found that providing stable housing to homeless alcoholics can reduce their drinking and cost taxpayers $4 million over the first year. The Housing First program resulted in an average cost-savings of 53% compared to a wait-list control group.
Dr. Margarita Saenz, a Medical Genetics Fellow, has been awarded the Genzyme/American College of Medical Genetics Foundation Clinical Genetics Fellowship in Biochemical Genetics. This fellowship supports clinicians in biochemical genetics and diagnosis of metabolic diseases.
Researchers successfully trained patients with severe visual impairments after a stroke to regain some vision through intensive computer exercises. By building on existing 'blindsight,' the brain's healthy regions were stimulated to take on tasks normally handled by damaged areas.
A study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology found that bacterial remnants and genetics contribute to arthritis. The NOD2 gene is activated by muramyl dipeptide, leading to inflammation and disease progression. Researchers hope to find treatments that can either eliminate or mask this inflammatory signal.
The University of Minnesota's Daily newspaper has launched a Facebook application that tests new strategies to engage young people in current events and build community. The app aims to provide a future business model for media organizations and generate real-world impact through online social network sites like Facebook.
Researchers found that meat ants are more effective at killing and eating cane toads than native frogs, providing a potential solution to controlling the spread of this alien species in tropical Australia. Cane toads' poor escape abilities make them vulnerable to meat ants' attacks.
The Ocean State Clinical Coordinating Center at Rhode Island Hospital will oversee a Phase II study of CytoFab to treat severe sepsis. The center, led by Dr. Steven LaRosa, has been awarded $800,000 to coordinate the trial's international sites.
The International Association for Dental Research (IADR) has awarded C. E. Semino with the JDR Cover of the Year Award for his paper on self-assembling peptides and their potential in bone regeneration. The award recognizes aesthetically pleasing and scientifically novel images that enhance research impact.
The study found that treatment with cediranib reduced edema and improved survival in mice with glioblastoma tumors. Mice receiving the drug lived significantly longer than controls, despite continued tumor growth.
Scientists have identified a set of genes involved in orienting Eastern North American monarch butterflies' internal 'sun compass' and driving their 4000km migration to Mexico. The research reveals seasonal changes in genomic function help define the migratory state, independent of juvenile hormone activity.
Professor Geoffrey Gadd's research explores how microbes interact with metals and minerals, degrading ammunition and transforming pollutants. His work has significant implications for environmental biotechnology and nuclear decommissioning.
A new study published in PNAS reveals that Trichodesmium separates its carbon and nitrogen fixation processes by time, with the process switching between the two every day. The stunning images obtained using advanced imaging technology show where the fixed nitrogen is stored within a cell and how it changes over time.
A new study compares careers and long-term occupational success of individuals with congenital heart disease to the general population. Men are less likely to be employed full-time than part-time, while female patients show fewer differences in employment patterns.
Researchers have developed a new generation of natural antibiotics using bioengineering, targeting harmful micro-organisms like MRSA and Listeria monocytogenes. These enhanced nisin variants possess greater activities against clinical pathogens and could become acceptable alternatives to current antimicrobials.
A new Georgia State University study found that police officers with a higher ability to multitask are less likely to shoot unarmed persons when feeling threatened during video simulations. Officers with lower working memory capacity and high negative emotionality were more likely to make shooting decisions.
Researchers discovered a significant link between schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes in a study of 50 people newly-diagnosed with schizophrenia. The study found that 16% of participants had either diabetes or abnormal glucose metabolism rates.
A new theory suggests that massive emissions of halogenated gases from giant salt lakes at the end of the Permian Age contributed to the world's largest mass extinction. The researchers calculated that these emissions could have caused catastrophic effects on vegetation, leading to irreparable damage.
A healthy diet is linked to a reduced risk of colon cancer due to the growth of beneficial gut bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids. The composition of diet directly influences the diversity of microbes in the gut, with complex carbohydrates supporting good bacterial populations.
The Cancer Genomics Browser is a web-based tool that enables researchers to find patterns in large-scale cancer studies, identifying genetic signatures for predicting therapy responses. By analyzing clinical and genomic data, researchers can gain insights into the complex genetic roots of cancer, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers design a lock-like molecule that controls blood clotting based on exposure to light. The biological hardware could be used to prevent the formation of tiny blood vessels that feed tumors, and also release drugs only on diseased cells or organs. This technology has potential applications in cancer treatment and drug delivery.
A new study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin found that teams with a 'socially distinct newcomer' are more likely to solve problems successfully. The key factor is not the newcomer's skills or knowledge, but their ability to shake up the group dynamic and create discomfort among team members.
Scientists studying a mysterious neurological affliction in cats discovered a key ability of the central nervous system to repair itself. Recovery was achieved through remyelination, where previously demyelinated axons became restored with thin but functional myelin sheaths.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have identified a single gene responsible for controlling plant growth responses to high temperatures, which could significantly impact crop production as global warming increases. The study found that mutant plants deficient in the regulatory protein PIF4 display reduced growth and biomass.
According to evolutionary biologist Alan Walker, human fine motor control limits strength compared to chimps. Humans use fewer muscle fibers for tasks, while chimps use more due to less motor neuron control. This allows humans to conserve energy and perform delicate tasks, but may also limit their physical endurance.
The study found that administering eptifibatide in the emergency room or during procedures to open blocked arteries does not significantly affect patient outcomes for those at high risk of complications after a heart attack. Researchers also noted an association between earlier use of eptifibatide and non-life-threatening bleeding.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of the human body louse, revealing a fragmented mitochondrial genome consisting of 18 minichromosomes. This discovery challenges our understanding of animal DNA structure and raises questions about its evolution and potential benefits.
Researchers have developed new powerful software that reduces the time it takes to process brain mapping data from decades to a few months. This technology allows scientists to build brain maps from their desktops, enabling the exploration of traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and epilepsy.
A study from Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School found that low-income families with children who have chronic conditions are more likely to be enrolled in high-deductible health plans. The study analyzed data from 839 families who were switched from traditional plans to high-deductible plans, revealing a higher perce...
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered a missing enzyme that can resist the normal effects of a heart attack, allowing mice to retain nearly normal heart function. The findings suggest a potential therapy for stimulating blood vessel growth and preventing future attacks.
Research found that parasitic infection reduces immunity to future cholera infections and compromises vaccine effectiveness. Helminth-infected patients had lower IgA antibodies, indicating a weakened immune system.
Two-year-olds with autism lack selective attention to human movements, instead focusing on physically synchronous sounds and motion. Researchers tracked eye movements of children with and without autism while watching cartoon animations, revealing a key difference in how they process social cues.
Andreas Niklas, a University of Regensburg Medical School student, has won the prestigious fellowship for his proposal on developing an in vivo optical measurement device. The $2,500 prize is supported by an endowment created by late IADR President David B. Scott's wife.
Researchers examine the effectiveness of individualized instruction and observational tools to improve reading skills in fourth- and fifth-grade classrooms. Classroom observations and teacher logs are found to be reliable and valid methods for measuring instruction, with potential benefits for future research studies.
Researchers at UCL Eastman Dental Institute have developed a light-activated antibacterial coating that can kill 99.9% of E. coli bacteria when exposed to white light. The coating, made of titanium dioxide with added nitrogen, has shown promise in reducing hospital-acquired infections.
A new paper by academics from Scotland and the US explores Brazil's role in changing global AIDS policy and promoting widespread access to AIDS treatment. Brazil's successful HIV/AIDS treatment program is considered a model for other developing countries.
The 2009 William J. Gies Awards recognize outstanding papers published in the Journal of Dental Research. The awards were presented to E. Scheller et al., S. Paris et al., and A.E. Sanders et al. for their work on Wnt/β-catenin, resin infiltration, and psychological stress mediation in tooth loss.
Researchers found that treating patients with their own bone marrow stem cells after a heart attack increased circulation within the heart. The study showed that higher doses of cells led to greater improvement in blood flow, but results for cardiac function were not significant.
The Naval Research Laboratory has successfully demonstrated a hydrogen-powered fuel cell design for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can travel farther and carry heavier payloads than earlier battery-powered designs. The Ion Tiger UAV achieves stealthy characteristics, reducing noise, low heat signature, and zero emissions.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have discovered that C. elegans worms can exhibit both swimming and crawling behaviors, challenging the long-held assumption that these are distinct gaits. The study's findings suggest that a single underlying nervous system mechanism controls a range of locomotion behaviors.
Researchers propose using intrahepatic transplantation of hepatic oval cells to treat fulminant hepatic failure. Studies show that this approach improves liver function and increases survival rates in rats.
Rising temperatures and mild winters have led to increased outbreaks of bluetongue and other insect-transmitted viruses in European livestock, with devastating consequences for ruminants. The UK successfully suppressed a major outbreak in 2008, but new virus types pose ongoing threats to the region.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that mothers of multiples have a 43% increased risk of moderate to severe depressive symptoms nine months after giving birth. Only 27% of mothers with depressive symptoms reported seeking professional help.
A new research study found that satisfaction, organizational commitment, autonomy, opportunities for promotion, and fewer outside job opportunities positively affect new nurse retention. High workload and organizational constraints decreased satisfaction and commitment.
A new Harvard Medical School study reveals that infants who experience rapid weight gain in the first six months of life are at a higher risk of developing obesity by age three. The research suggests that early interventions may help prevent long-term health consequences.
A novel framework reconstructs neural networks with high-throughput tools, accelerating brain mapping and enabling global collaboration. The technology enables the creation of terabyte-scale volumes and gigabyte-scale mosaics, providing a blueprint for healthy neural tissues.
Researchers investigated kinship ties in alpine wood ant colonies and found that breeding was limited to specific clusters, with individuals within clusters more related to each other. The study suggests that queens often move to breed within their cluster, while males are more mobile and contribute to male-biased gene flow.
A clinical study found that a combination of steroids and antihistamines can alleviate Plavix allergy symptoms in 88% of patients, enabling them to continue treatment. The study's findings have significant implications for cardiac patients with stents, who require long-term Plavix use.
A recent study by Penn State researchers suggests that several statistical methods used to detect natural selection at the molecular level are faulty. This has implications for the interpretation of hundreds of published studies on human evolution and the role of natural selection in shaping human traits.
Researchers at Caltech develop a targeted cancer therapy using a gallium corrole that can detect and eliminate breast cancer tumors in mice, with fewer side effects than traditional treatments. The therapy shows promise for treating aggressive HER2+ breast cancers with lower toxicity.