A study by US Department of Agriculture researchers found that only 20-35% of nitrogen fed to dairy cows is converted into milk, with 16-77% necessary for grass and other pasture plants. The research provides tools to improve nitrogen use efficiency, promoting better practices for farmers and reducing environmental impact.
Researchers at Yale University found that prenatal exposure to BPA and DES can increase an offspring's risk of breast cancer. The chemicals, known as endocrine disruptors, alter gene expression in the breast throughout life, leading to a higher risk of breast cancer in adults.
Researchers have discovered that certain RNA viruses, including Poliovirus and Hepatitis C virus, copy themselves by seizing a cellular enzyme to create replication factories enriched in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) lipids. This process enables the viruses to attract and stimulate the enzymes needed for replication.
Researchers found that two comparable procedures have equal benefits for men and women, but patient age affects outcomes. The study, part of the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy vs. Stenting Trial (CREST), shows stenting is more beneficial for younger patients, while surgery is better for older ones.
The center aims to address security and privacy concerns in the US healthcare community, which is shifting from paper to digital medical records. Researchers from Vanderbilt University will focus on developing solutions for meaningful use of health IT and addressing barriers to adoption.
Three new oral blood-thinning drugs may offer significant advantages over Coumadin, but their lack of clinical experience raises concerns about potential interactions. Many adults take multiple prescription drugs, increasing the risk of adverse interactions.
Scientists launch Waves, Aerosols and Gas Exchange Study (WAGES) to investigate air-sea gas exchange and its impact on climate. The two-year project uses the Royal Research Ship James Clark Ross to collect continuous measurements of carbon dioxide, sea-spray aerosol, heat, moisture, and momentum.
Scientists have successfully prevented monkeys exposed to the deadly Ebola virus from dying of hemorrhagic fever using a genetic material-based treatment. The study suggests that such protection could also be possible in humans, offering new hope for combating the highly contagious and lethal disease.
Researchers have discovered a new source of stem cells that can form heart muscle cells, which can help repair damaged hearts. The stem cells, called human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal cells (hAMCs), were obtained from the amniotic membrane and showed promising results in laboratory studies.
Physicists use iron oxychalcogenides to study Mott localization in undoped pnictide parent compounds, providing further evidence that these systems are on the verge of Mott localization. This proximity to Mott localization endows the system with strong quantum magnetic fluctuations.
Researchers have successfully attached imaging probes to glycans in zebrafish embryos just seven hours after fertilization, allowing for the first-ever images of glycan activity on embryonic cells. This new technique enables scientists to study physiological changes during embryogenesis without damaging the embryos.
Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have developed a method to select sperm with the highest DNA integrity, comparable to the egg's natural selection abilities. The test identified a biochemical marker that allows clinicians to choose the best sperm for fertilization, improving male fertility rates.
Research suggests that exposure to herpes simplex virus 1 may contribute to cognitive and brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Patients with antibodies for HSV-1 performed poorly on cognitive tests and had reduced brain volume in key regions, including the anterior cingulate and cerebellum.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have dissected comet samples to reveal their true composition, shedding light on the Solar System's early stages and water delivery. They found unexpected signs of high-temperature iron oxides, raising questions about comet formation.
Researchers found that patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma whose tumors respond most to preoperative chemotherapy and radiation survive four times as long, on average, than those who respond least. The study suggests that identifying molecular factors associated with a major pathologic response could lead to important progress in t...
Transcranial doppler ultrasound detects cerebral emboli in asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients, revealing those at high risk of stroke and low risk of benefiting from surgery. The technique identifies a small group with high stroke risk, while others have a low risk that may not warrant intervention.
Researchers at Yale University have discovered a novel protein called Preimplantation Factor, which is crucial for successful pregnancy. The protein modulates maternal immunity and promotes early embryo attachment, influencing uterine cell remodeling.
The newly discovered Coahuilaceratops magnacuerna is a rhino-sized plant-eater with massive horns up to 4 feet long and weighs around four to five tons. The species provides fresh insights into the Late Cretaceous period in Mexico, offering a new perspective on western North America's ecosystem.
Materials Design Inc. presents a joint presentation with University of Texas at Dallas, KAUST, and Texas Instruments on the power of atomistic simulation in guiding microelectronics development. The collaboration demonstrates low Vt in CMOS using hybrid cladding layers.
Researchers use radar and camera data to reconstruct the formation of two enigmatic features in Mars' northern ice cap: a massive canyon and spiral troughs. Wind erosion is found to be the primary force shaping these complex structures, revealing a detailed climate history.
A Phase II trial found that sunitinib was not effective in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma, highlighting the need for new therapies for this rare subtype of kidney cancer. The study suggests differences in response between clear- and non-clear cell subtypes.
A new study published in PLoS ONE has mapped the spawning habitat of bluefin tuna in the Gulf of Mexico, revealing two major hotspot regions where bycatch occurs. These findings suggest that spatial management techniques can protect western Atlantic bluefin tuna on their breeding grounds without compromising the yellowfin tuna fishery.
A student at the University of Sheffield designed a mobile bicycle-powered water pump, called bicibomba movil, to improve irrigation and water distribution for rural residents in Guatemala. The machine can achieve a flow rate of 40 liters per minute on flat ground and has been produced in regular production since its creation.
The DFG approved twelve new Collaborative Research Centres to explore various research topics including the molecular interactions of immune response in pneumonia, innovative programming techniques, and materials for bone regeneration. The new centres aim to advance our understanding of complex phenomena and develop new therapies.
Researchers found that pancreatic cancer patients with circulating tumor cells tend to have worse outcomes, and some types of cells may predict poorer survival. The presence of MUC1 protein-expressing circulating tumor cells is particularly associated with shorter overall survival.
A pilot study found increased tendon ruptures in women taking statins, prompting a larger study to confirm the findings. The MSU team will analyze over 100,000 participants to assess the effects of statin dose, duration, and type on tendon rupture risk.
A Durham University researcher has developed a new notation system for African drums, allowing people to learn and perform unique rhythms worldwide. The system is used in a song called 'Vuma! Unity, harmony, goal!' promoting rhythm and unity for World Cup success.
A UBC researcher has discovered what makes Rembrandt's portraits so captivating by recreating four of the artist's most famous works using computer-rendering programs. The study found that viewers fixated on specific areas of the face, such as the eyes, and preferred portraits with 'eye guiding narrative' techniques.
Women who have had a bilateral oophorectomy tend to have smaller tumors and have their tumors detected by mammography rather than physical exam. However, hormone therapy after surgery wipes out any difference in tumor size or detection method.
A study of nearly 45,000 patients found that many with HIV in the US and Canada do not receive care early enough, resulting in lower CD4 cell counts. This delay increases the risk of clinical disease progression and ongoing transmission.
The MBARI AUV is equipped with 'gulper' samplers that can collect up to ten 1.8-liter water samples while traveling through the water or within an oil plume. The vehicle's AI software helps it map boundaries and take samples outside the plume.
A new study published in Springer's journal Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology found that men perceive vocal masculinity as a strong indicator of dominance, but it does not influence their attentiveness to rivals' voices. The researchers also discovered that testosterone levels are linked to dominance ratings.
Research from Fox Chase Cancer Center shows that patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who receive surgery, particularly lobectomy, have increased overall survival rates. This is in contrast to those who received chemoradiation alone.
Researchers used techniques similar to pharmaceutical sales reps to educate doctors on treatment guidelines, resulting in a 8.6% increase in recommended diuretic prescriptions in counties with high academic detailing activity.
Scientists have discovered a group of four proteins responsible for generating Helicobacter pylori's characteristic curvature, enabling its survival in the acidic stomach environment. Laboratory-engineered mutant strains lacking these proteins fail to twist properly and are unable to colonize the stomach.
Rice researchers found that starving cells in slime mold have an advantage, pushing those that eat into selfless sacrifice. The study reveals a surprising strategy for survival and reproduction in single-cell organisms.
Dr Pellegrini's research focuses on HIV, tuberculosis, and how the human immune system responds to these infections. His work aims to develop therapies that target the host immune system to eradicate chronic infections.
A study at Henry Ford Hospital found that the newer left ventricular assist device HeartMate II has a significantly lower risk of infection than its predecessor, the HeartMate I XVE. The new device is smaller and uses synthetic ruby bearings lubricated by blood itself, reducing the risk of infection by 75%.
Researchers at NIST used neutron beams to study magnetite nanoparticles, revealing a complex interaction between the inner 'core' and outer 'shell'. The discovery could lead to new tools for controlling particle behavior in data storage and biological applications.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered a genetic mutation linked to lymphatic dysfunction, which could lead to a first-ever target for drug therapy for lymphedema. The study identified mutations in the GJC2 gene that impair cell signaling, leading to fluid accumulation and tissue swelling.
A nearly 2,300-person study by the University of Minnesota definitively links indoor tanning to increased risk of melanoma, with frequent users facing a 74% higher likelihood. The study found that risk is associated more with how much a person tans and not the age or device type.
Researchers have discovered a direct relationship between a psychiatric disorder and the immune system, specifically microglia cells derived from bone marrow. Bone marrow transplants cured mutant mice with compulsive hair-pulling behavior, suggesting potential new treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A study by University of Illinois professors found that those who ask themselves whether they will complete a task tend to do better than those who tell themselves they will. This phenomenon has implications for cognitive, social, and clinical psychology, as well as education and work settings.
Researchers have found a key interaction between the Notch signaling system and the BCL6 gene that may be responsible for certain cancers developing. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of cancer formation and potential treatments.
A genetic analysis reveals that flu strains in the US don't disappear at the end of winter, but instead migrate to South America and other parts of the world. This knowledge has implications for public health efforts, including antiviral use and vaccination programs.
Groundwater experts propose using deeper aquifers for irrigation, pumping high volumes of water from wells can pull down arsenic-contaminated water. Scientists recommend retesting existing deep wells on a regular basis to ensure quality. Filtration and alternative methods are used in countries without deep aquifers.
Researchers at Michigan State University discovered that shiny black solar cells lure water insects away from critical breeding areas. Applying white grids or other methods can break up polarized reflection of light, making it less attractive to mayflies and other aquatic insects.
A new trial found that supervised injectable heroin leads to larger reductions in street heroin use compared to injectable or oral methadone. The RIOTT trial showed that treatment with supervised injectable heroin resulted in significantly lower use of street heroin within six weeks.
Researchers explore alternative visual strategies to engage the public with climate change, highlighting the need for inspirational motifs and renewable energy icons. Climate scepticism and knowledge gaps pose significant challenges in addressing climate change, requiring creative communication approaches.
Researchers discovered that methamphetamine enhances memory in pond snails, allowing them to recall learned behaviors despite being immersed in de-oxygenated water. This finding may provide insights into the mechanisms of human addiction and how memories are formed.
Researchers developed a novel imaging system to visualize T-cell actions in animal models, providing insights into immune responses and transplant outcomes. The study revealed a clearer understanding of the balance between protective and destructive T-cells in transplanted tissue.
A team of researchers has made the first detailed observations of 'halo' gas clouds in our Galaxy, finding they contain hydrogen gas 700 times the mass of the Sun. These clouds are linked to earlier star formation and can fall back into the main body of the Galaxy, recycling material.
Dr. Henry Gabelnick was awarded the lifetime achievement award at the 6th International Microbicides Conference for his dedication to developing microbicides. He has contributed significantly to the field through research on preclinical algorithms and primate models.
Researchers have developed a way to use Rice University's light-activated nanoshells as building blocks for complex structures that can trap, store and bend light. These materials have unique optical properties, making them suitable for applications such as ultrasensitive biological and chemical sensors.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have found that mortality rates from alcohol-related diseases are over four times higher in deprived areas compared to less deprived areas. Deaths from such diseases are increasing despite public awareness campaigns, highlighting the need for targeted policies to reduce harm caused by alcohol.
A recent University of Missouri study found that food insecurity and hunger among children persist even in households with food stamps and other forms of assistance. Informal food supports through churches and food pantries are related to improved child food security.
A low-pressure area, System 90E, is developing in the Eastern Pacific with strong thunderstorms and cold cloud tops, indicating a potential tropical cyclone. The system is expected to continue consolidating over the next 24-36 hours with a good chance of development within the next 24 hours.
Seventy percent of Madagascar's species live in the forests where critically endangered rosewood trees are found. The Malagasy government lacks effective enforcement, allowing for lucrative illegal logging and tree trade with China.
The Rice University-led Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry journal has released a special virtual edition making 25 previously published studies on the Exxon Valdez oil spill available for free. The collection provides insights into the occurrence, fate, and effects of oils and oil spills in the environment.
Researchers at Henry Ford Hospital found that a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) improves function on the right side of the heart, reducing central venous pressure and pulmonary artery pressures. The study, which monitored 41 patients, also showed significant improvements in measures related to tricuspid regurgitat...