Scientists studied Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome structure and assembly to understand its role in pathogen survival. This knowledge could aid in developing anti-TB drugs by preventing proteasome maturation.
Researchers link PMSE syndrome to mTOR pathway, a complex network implicated in common neurological disorders with autism-like symptoms. The study reveals clues about TSC, a relatively common disorder, and its connection to PMSE and other neurological conditions.
Long-necked dinosaurs were able to grow extremely long necks due to their unique digestive system, which allowed them to chew and digest food more efficiently. This enabled them to browse their surroundings without having to move their large body weight.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield created a unique map showing General Election results based on population data. The map provides an alternative perspective by reflecting where people live in the country, enabling a better understanding of voting preferences and population density.
Researchers discovered a specific mutation that promotes fibril development, leading to organ damage and death. The study suggests this finding could be a target for future drug development in treating the fatal condition.
Researchers at Mahidol University have created a rapid prenatal test for diagnosing alpha-thalassemia. The new assay boasts high sensitivity and specificity, as well as a decreased risk of contamination, making it suitable for large-scale screening in Southeast Asia.
A new Cochrane Systematic Review suggests phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) may be a safer alternative to excimer laser surgery for moderate to high levels of short-sightedness. Patients who underwent IOL treatment reported better spectacle-corrected vision and contrast sensitivity, as well as higher patient satisfaction.
Researchers from the University of Central Florida used LiDAR technology to map the ancient Maya city of Caracol, detecting over 11,000 new structures and confirming its size. The technology revealed extensive agricultural terracing, showing the Maya were adept at 'building green' long before modern terminology.
A recent study by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found that British Indian children have substantially lower rates of mental health disorders, with only 3.7% affected compared to 10.0% for White children. This advantage was attributed to factors such as two-parent households and higher academic abilities, suggesting a rea...
Researchers have developed a new type of drug that targets the BCL6 protein, which is essential for lymphoma cell survival and multiplication. The breakthrough could lead to improved treatment options with fewer side effects, increasing cure rates for diffuse large B cell lymphomas.
A rare opportunity to study how a critically endangered species copes with an earthquake- induced tsunami has been provided by researchers. The Devils Hole pupfish inhabit a small, shallow pool in the Mojave Desert, and the quake's impact on their habitat and behavior was documented on camera.
Preventable infectious diseases are the leading causes of child mortality worldwide. According to a new study published by The Lancet, these diseases are responsible for two-thirds of nearly 9 million child deaths globally in 2008. The analysis reveals that global efforts must be targeted to have maximum impact.
Researchers at Linköping University discovered a new function that regulates stem cell production of different types of cells in various parts of the nervous system. The study found that Hox genes, similar to a GPS system, guide stem cells to produce specific nerve cells in certain regions.
The surveys will track trends in behavioral health services, consumer access, and cost sharing in the nation's privately insured individuals. The data collected will provide insights for policy-makers, advocacy groups, and health plan executives on how to improve delivery of behavioral health services.
Exercise programs improved anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia, while changes in physical health outcomes were not significant. Regular exercise is recommended for those with schizophrenia, just like the general population.
Adults with sickle cell anemia exhibit lower average nonverbal function scores, as well as difficulties in processing speed, working memory, and executive function. Anemia is associated with neurocognitive impairment in older patients, highlighting the need for early identification and intervention.
Researchers found that African American women are more aware of the importance of screening and are more willing to undergo the procedure, while men report barriers such as lack of trust in the healthcare system and fear of the procedure. Despite these differences, both groups recognize the benefits of early detection and prevention.
A Carnegie Mellon study analyzed over a billion Twitter messages to gauge public opinion on consumer confidence and presidential job approval. The results showed correlations between Twitter-derived sentiment measurements and traditional polling data, with notable similarities in trends and fluctuations.
Researchers have discovered high-activity mutants of human butyrylcholinesterase that could be used to develop anti-cocaine medication. Additionally, a microbiocide-based HIV prevention measure holds promise for developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers create powerful new tool for calculating Casimir forces, allowing repulsion in microelectromechanical systems. This breakthrough could significantly reduce the failure rate of existing MEMS devices and enable affordable, new technologies.
A new study by University of Illinois labor expert John Dencker found that restructuring shifts workplace power towards firms, leading to performance-based bonuses that slow payroll growth. The shift creates fears of termination for managers, affecting their wages and career stability.
Researchers at Purdue University discovered that lake sturgeon have genes from a parasitic worm and a protozoan parasite that causes a sexually transmitted disease in humans. This finding could lead to new methods of sex determination without harming the fish, which are endangered due to overfishing and pollution.
The need for longitudinal cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa is highlighted due to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. These studies can investigate multiple complex diseases and risk factors over an individual's lifetime.
Global health diplomacy is gaining traction in foreign policy circles, with the WHO Foreign Policy and Global Health Initiative aiming to integrate health into international agendas. Experts emphasize the importance of diplomatic engagement for addressing global health challenges and advancing national security objectives.
A clinical panel recommends that patients' blood pressure should be closely monitored and controlled before starting angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer treatment. Treating a patient's hypertension before treatment begins and maintaining blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg can help control this side effect.
A new study found that caffeine can help shift workers make fewer mistakes and improve their performance in tasks such as driving and neuropsychological tests. The researchers reviewed data from 13 trials studying the effects of caffeine on shift work and found a significant reduction in errors made by participants.
Astronomers discovered a runaway star in the Large Magellanic Cloud's 30 Doradus Nebula, with a speed of over 400,000 km/h. The star is estimated to be around 10 times hotter than the Sun and has been ejected from its home cluster through dynamical interaction.
Researchers will present advances in laser cooling, 3D laser inscribing, and ultra-short light pulses at the CLEO/QELS conference. The Linac Coherent Light Source, producing short X-ray pulses millions of times brighter than others, has enabled scientists to probe matter at atomic scale.
Duke University engineer Chris Dwyer demonstrates that DNA can be used to create simple logic gates, or switches, using light to excite molecules. This technology has the potential to produce virtually unlimited supplies of these tiny circuits, paving the way for faster and more efficient computing.
A study found that a 35 percent decrease in CHD mortality was largely attributed to reductions in traditional risk factors. The decline in deaths was associated with significant declines in the use of treatments for conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, and high blood pressure.
A joint study across the central Great Plains found that no-till farming stores more soil carbon, binding particles together and reducing vulnerability to raindrops. This makes the topsoil less susceptible to erosion by water or wind, critical in semiarid regions with low precipitation and high evaporation.
A new study published in Psychological Science found that physical contact from a female experimenter increases financial risk taking in adults. The researchers suggest that this effect is due to the way mothers use touch to make their babies feel secure, creating a sense of attachment and increased willingness to take risks.
According to a recent study, more than two-thirds of child deaths worldwide are caused by infectious diseases, with pneumonia being the leading cause. The UK has the highest number of child deaths in Western Europe, and many deaths in high-income countries can be prevented.
A systematic review of food allergies found limited evidence on diagnosis, management, and prevention due to lack of uniformity in diagnostic criteria. Current treatments only target symptoms, not the underlying allergies.
The Hebrew University project will map location, document builders and purposes, and compare common elements of Jerusalem-inspired sites across Europe. The study aims to strengthen Jerusalem's image in Europe and enhance Israel's ties with the continent.
A team of researchers has identified two new genes that may play a role in the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, used genome-wide association analysis to identify the genes on chromosomes 2 and 19, which were found to be associated with AD.
A study identified two genetic variations linked to Alzheimer's disease, but these did not enhance the ability to predict AD risk. The findings provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of AD.
Researchers at Iowa State University have designed a new type of transmission pole that can resist extreme loads and prevent cascading failures. The hinged poles, which are cheaper and easier to install than traditional structures, can be repaired rather than replaced, providing better and more reliable power service.
Researchers from CAS develop novel tea filter to treat cigarette addiction, identifying theanine as key ingredient inhibiting nicotine addiction. The treatment shows promise in reducing smoking consumption and symptoms, with no apparent side effects.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that adults with mild sickle cell disease scored lower on brain function tests compared to healthy participants. Cognitive functioning was linked to severity of anemia, and older patients showed greater impairment.
Research suggests that adult patients with few or mild complications of sickle cell disease may develop cognitive problems, such as difficulty organizing thoughts or learning. The study found that more than a third of participants scored below normal levels on cognitive function tests.
Professor Dentcheva's $350,000 grant will focus on multistage stochastic optimization problems and Markov decision processes. The project aims to develop modeling and algorithmic tools for formalizing and solving long-term planning problems with risk as a key issue.
Researchers have recorded and recreated Egyptian fruit bats' echolocation calls, allowing them to apply the technique to human engineering systems. The study will enhance information on robotic vehicles' locations, detecting structural flaws.
A recent study reveals that seven out of ten pregnant women in the United States have insufficient vitamin D levels. Prenatal vitamins may not be enough to meet the needs of all women, particularly those with darker skin or living in regions with limited sunlight during winter months.
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health has received a $100,000 Grand Challenges Explorations grant to develop an evolution-proof pesticide that could prevent malaria. The project aims to use a virus to instruct the mosquito to die after transmitting the malaria parasite, reducing the risk of resistance.
A new study suggests that the G20 Toronto summit may not lead to significant reforms in financial regulations. The study highlights the challenges of coordinating policies among countries with diverse financial structures, making harmonization a difficult task.
The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center has received a $100,000 Grand Challenges Explorations grant to develop a safe and cost-effective strategy for immune intervention. The project aims to boost immunity with minimal adverse effects in populations at risk due to malnutrition and poor socio-economic conditions.
Rotavirus vaccination effectively reduces cases of severe rotavirus disease by 72-93% and all cases of diarrhoea by 76-67%. The vaccines are not associated with increased serious adverse events.
A recent study has found that high-dose vitamin D supplementation is associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures in older women. The research, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), revealed that women who received a single annual high dose of vitamin D had a higher rate of falls and fractures...
A long-running study of over 10,000 civil servants in London found that working overtime was associated with a 60% higher risk of heart-related problems. The study, published in the European Heart Journal, controlled for various risk factors and suggested that chronic stress may be a key mechanism behind this association.
Researchers have developed a new method to study the metabolic functions of microbial communities, identifying key species and interactions in complex decomposition processes. The Protein-SIP technique measures carbon flux accurately, revealing food chains within microbial communities.
The US EPA has awarded nearly $2.5 million to 11 companies to support their work in eight key environmental areas. These companies will use the additional funds to commercialize technologies such as microbial fuel cells and chromium-free coatings.
Recent discoveries may help curb anti-apoptotic proteins that tumors express to resist treatment. Researchers outline how six anti-apoptotic proteins in the Bcl-2 family are expressed differently in different cancers.
A new laboratory technique using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows for rapid detection of eye pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, in corneal scrapings. This method provides faster diagnosis and treatment for corneal ulcers compared to traditional bacterial culture, which can take up to 48 hours.
Researchers at Northwestern University led by Theresa Pape are testing if familiar voices can facilitate brain repair and improve coma recovery. The study found that subjects responded more to family voices compared to non-familiar ones, with activated brain areas appearing on MRI scans.
A series of reports find that proton pump inhibitors are associated with increased risk of fractures in postmenopausal women, bacterial infections in many patients, and higher doses do not provide additional benefits for treating bleeding ulcers. Introducing guidelines for proton pump inhibitor use may reduce inappropriate prescriptions.
A study found that south-south collaborations between biotech firms in developing countries are increasing, enabling the production of affordable health products. These collaborations have already led to successful vaccine development and distribution, such as the Brazil-Cuba collaboration during Africa's meningitis outbreak.
Researchers found that strenuous exercise like running a marathon shifts the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, potentially halting cellular suicide. The study suggests that sirtuin proteins may play a key role in this process, offering new insights into the effects of exercise on cell death.
Researchers developed a new approach to harness and modulate enzyme activity, allowing for the design of industrial catalysts and healthcare diagnostics. The technique uses polyvinyl alcohol to limit molecule diffusion, enabling simultaneous monitoring of enzyme- peptide interactions.
Women with type 2 diabetes who consumed more whole grains and bran had a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease and all causes. The study found that high bran intake reduced the risk by 35% for CVD mortality and 28% for overall mortality.