Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have identified a molecular mechanism for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic and usually lethal disease. The study found that microRNA changes contribute to IPF, with let-7d being significantly reduced in affected tissues.
Researchers at Children's National Hospital found that carbon monoxide levels increase during routine general anesthesia in young children. To reduce this risk, anesthesiologists recommend using specific absorbents and avoiding low-flow anesthesia to minimize exposure.
A new study published in the American Journal of Infection Control suggests that hand-washing, mask-wearing, and cough etiquette can limit the transmission of pandemic flu. The study found that while these measures show promise, further research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and address gaps in knowledge.
UCI scientists Marian Waterman and Aileen Anderson receive grants totaling $2.6 million to study human stem cells for therapeutic use and biomedical innovation. The research will further understanding of how stem cells survive and remain pluripotent, potentially leading to breakthroughs in induced pluripotent stem cell therapies.
A study by scientists at Stanford and Harvard Universities analyzed a patient's full genome to identify disease risks and unusual drug responses. The analysis revealed variants associated with diseases in the patient's family and conditions not inherited, highlighting the potential of whole-genome sequencing for personalized medicine.
Researchers identified two 'body clock' genes that regulate hormonal changes in response to seasonal variations. These genes are found in both birds and mammals, shedding light on how animals adapt to seasonal changes.
A team of researchers will study the neurobiological mechanisms behind regular aerobic exercise and its potential to prevent drug abuse relapse. Exercise has been shown to exert anti-stress effects, reducing cravings associated with stress by increasing galanin levels in the brain.
A study of 79,036 participants found that Lp-PLA2 enzyme levels were associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and early death. The magnitude of this risk was comparable to that due to high blood pressure or bad cholesterol.
A team of researchers discovered a strong sex-chromosome bias in the distribution of transposable elements, which may hold clues to genetic disease mechanisms. The study suggests Alu sequences integrate mostly in the male germline, while L1s integrate in both male and female germlines or early embryogenesis.
Researchers developed a novel noninvasive tool using fluorescent microspheres to detect early inflammation in the eyes. This breakthrough allows for early detection of diseases such as eye disease, potentially reversing damage before it occurs. The tool may also improve therapy evaluation and extend to other areas of the body.
A study published in Psychological Science found that when the mind wanders, people blink more, setting up a 'tiny physical barrier' to prevent external information from entering the brain. The researchers suggest that this blinking behavior is an embodiment of mind-wandering, highlighting the interconnectedness of the body and mind.
Researchers discovered a DCC gene mutation responsible for mirror movements, where individuals move one side of the body without intention. The condition affects young children and persists into adulthood, with approximately half being able to suppress their symptoms.
Researchers have identified NLRC5 as a key regulator of two critical immune pathways, NF-κB and type I interferon signaling. Reducing NLRC5 levels leads to increased immune responses and antiviral immunity, highlighting its role in regulating innate immunity.
Researchers recovered core samples from Antarctica, revealing a 53-million-year history of ice formation and interaction with climate. The findings provide crucial insights into the transition from a warm, greenhouse world to an icy 'icehouse' environment.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered that microRNA-155 can silence genes protecting against DNA mutations, contributing to cancer progression. The study suggests miR-155 expression may be a key stratification factor in cancer prognosis and treatment.
The high-quality draft sequence of Xenopus tropicalis's genome will aid researchers studying embryo development and cell biology in both species. The genome contains genes similar to those associated with over 1,700 human diseases.
A new study published by the University of Edinburgh confirms that plant leaves account for less than 1% of global methane emissions, contradicting previous claims. The research suggests that trees can effectively offset greenhouse gas emissions through carbon storage.
A new genetic link to systemic sclerosis has been identified in a study published in Nature Genetics. The research found that a region of the human genome associated with increased susceptibility to the disease was discovered, which could lead to developing interventions to block its activity.
African children with sickle-cell disease are at increased risk of bacterial illness, especially invasive pneumococcal disease. Vaccines against pneumococcus can improve quality of life and save lives among these vulnerable children.
A recent study published in The Lancet Neurology found that deep brain stimulation improves quality of life, mobility, and activities of daily living in advanced Parkinson's disease patients, while also reducing dyskinesia and off time. However, the procedure carried a higher risk of serious adverse events.
The National Cancer Institute Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer is making significant progress, promising earlier disease diagnosis, targeted treatments, and improved survival rates.
Studies find that civic engagement is associated with lower violent crime rates and all-cause mortality rates in communities. A robust civic climate, including institutions like churches and civic associations, and mechanisms like voting, is key to understanding community social problems.
Researchers discovered water ice and organic molecules on asteroid 24 Themis, suggesting it may have delivered water to Earth 4 billion years ago. The findings support the theory that asteroids could have brought water to our planet after its formation.
Almost 50% of AIDS patients died from AIDS, but non-AIDS related deaths increased after four years of treatment with ART. Lifestyle-related causes like suicide and liver disease were common non-AIDS deaths.
Researchers at Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics are developing a genetic test to predict hyperbilirubinemia, which causes 85% of hospital readmissions in newborns. The test also identifies genetic markers that determine the effectiveness of steroid therapy for asthma patients.
A recent study published in Nature found that rapidly melting sea ice is a major cause of warming in the Arctic. The research, conducted by the University of Melbourne, discovered a positive feedback loop between sea ice melting and atmospheric warming, leading to increased warming rates in the region.
Researchers found evidence of four 'megafloods' in Glacial Lake Atna, which breached ice dams and released up to 1,400 cubic kilometers of water. The floods formed massive dunes over 110 feet high, with some still visible on topographical maps.
Eliminating malaria from Hispaniola would demonstrate the feasibility of global eradication efforts. The authors recommend advanced mosquito control methods, diagnosis systems, and community education to combat the parasite. Success requires unwavering political will from both governments.
Researchers at NIST and Georgia Tech have developed a new technique to analyze multilayer graphene, revealing the rotational orientation of graphene sheets and mapping stress fields. The method uses atomic scale moiré patterns to measure strain in graphene layers with high sensitivity.
A new method has been developed to predict which women with DCIS are at high risk of developing more invasive tumors. The study found that two factors - the method of detection and biomarker expression - can identify patients who are most likely to develop invasive cancer within eight years.
Experts will present on techniques using digital technology to separate conjoined twins, develop facial prostheses, and analyze anthropologic specimens. The symposium aims to enhance outcomes through the use of digital tools, such as radiographic data and tactile medical modeling.
The gypsy moth continues to spread across the US, resistant to effective pesticides. Despite decades of pesticide use, the insect remains a threat to forests and urban landscapes.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a synthetic enzyme that can selectively bind with proteins and attach tags for identification. The method has shown promise in identifying signaling proteins involved in health and disease, including those related to cancer.
A daily dose of specific vitamin E significantly improved NASH features in adults, while Actos showed promise but was associated with weight gain. Researchers acknowledge the need for long-term treatment and monitoring to assess benefits and risks.
Researchers from the University of Granada developed new farmland afforestation techniques that enhance young plant survival and development in Mediterranean environments. These techniques focus on relationships between land and plant to promote successful implementation of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy.
Researchers found that combining regional hyperthermia with chemotherapy increases local progression-free and disease-free survival rates in high-risk sarcoma patients. The treatment has shown promise, but the safety profile remains a concern.
The reports examine the implications of producing biofuels from various sources, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural systems. Sustainable biofuels are based on production that does not negatively affect ecosystem health, and options include thermochemical, biochemical, and direct combustion methods.
A study by Cornell Food and Brand Lab found that people who ate organic cookies labeled as organic believed they contained 40% fewer calories than the same cookies without a label. This phenomenon is known as a 'health halo,' leading consumers to overeat.
A team of researchers at NIST developed methods to accurately measure the length of nanopores, which could enable rapid DNA analysis. They created 'molecular rulers' using exotic techniques, including a molecular-scale version of ice fishing, to calibrate tailor-made nanopores.
A systematic review of the literature found that uninsured patients are less likely to receive critical care services and face worse clinical outcomes. Uninsured patients were also more likely to experience discharge delays and have life support withdrawn.
A review of available breast cancer risk assessment tools reveals their limitations, particularly in assessing individual risks. The models rely heavily on known risk factors, with up to 60% of breast cancers arising without them.
Scientists sequenced the genome of the spontaneously hypertensive rat to understand causes of human hypertension. The study identified 788 genes mutated in SHR, including those related to ion transport and immunological processes, which may be causally associated with the disease.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute are studying the feasibility of placing large wind turbines on deep-ocean platforms. The project aims to assess the potential for offshore wind power generation in the United States, which could fill a significant portion of coastal states' electricity needs.
A researcher at North Carolina State University has developed a revolutionary computer chip storing an entire library's worth of information on a single square inch. The breakthrough uses magnetic nanodots, allowing for precise orientation and reliable data reading/writing.
A recent study by researchers at UCLA Health Sciences has found that over a third of drinkers aged 60 and older consume excessive amounts of alcohol, posing health risks. The study also highlights demographic factors, such as age, education level, and income, that contribute to at-risk drinking among the elderly.
A NIST research team has found that using volumetrics can improve the accuracy of CT scans for diagnosing lung cancer, allowing physicians to notice smaller volume changes. This method could potentially cut diagnosis time from six months to four weeks.
Michigan State University has established a new Center for Women's Health and Reproduction Research with $6.8 million in funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Asgi T. Fazleabas, a leading infertility researcher, will lead the center and bring expertise to women's reproductive health.
Scientists have successfully applied optical coherence tomography (OCT) to analyze the layers of easel paintings, revealing evidence of forged signatures and alterations. This non-invasive technique overcomes previous limitations, offering a new way for art conservators to detect changes in artworks.
A recent MS study analyzed identical twins to identify environmental factors contributing to the disease. The research found that environmental factors play a significant role in multiple sclerosis development, with genes influencing but not determining individual susceptibility.
Research published in BioMed Central's Population Health Metrics journal found Canadians live longer and healthier lives compared to Americans. Canada's universal healthcare system and lower levels of poverty contribute to the disparity in life expectancy between the two countries.
Researchers developed a mathematical model that identifies the top 10 locations for tsunami detection buoys and sea-level monitors in the Indian Ocean. This could save time and money, as well as provide warning to more people in the event of a devastating tsunami.
Researchers found that the brain's frontal cortex plays a key role in processing abstract knowledge, enabling individuals to adapt behaviors based on past learning. The study used fMRI to investigate how the brain achieves flexibility in solving unfamiliar problems.
Research suggests that epigenetics plays a key role in the development of degenerative diseases. Environmental influences can alter gene expression, which can be passed on to offspring and impact life and death. HDAC inhibitors, found in foods like broccoli and garlic, may help prevent cancer by silencing tumor suppressor genes.
The developing world is projected to generate twice as much electronic waste (e-waste) as developed countries by 2030, with 400-700 million PCs discarded annually. Technological advances have led to a rapid decline in consumer electronics lifespan, prompting concerns about environmentally safe disposal methods.
A weed calculator developed by ARS scientist Matt Rinella predicts that eliminating leafy spurge and spotted knapweed could raise up to 200,000 cows a year in the western US. The calculator allows ranchers to estimate weeds' economic impact and make informed management decisions.
A new study by University of Missouri researchers found that fibromyalgia diagnoses can trigger increased emotional withdrawal, mental strain, and marital instability in both the diagnosed spouse and their partner. The condition is linked to higher levels of depression, fatigue, and feelings of helplessness.
Several FDA-approved vaccines are effective in protecting women against cervical cancer-causing HPVs, which can be transmitted through sexual contact. The study found that nearly all U.S. states offer HPV vaccination to adolescent girls in juvenile justice facilities.
A new experimental model using pigs with a CF-causing gene mutation has provided valuable insights into the development of lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis. The study's findings suggest that infection precedes inflammation in CF lungs, supporting early and aggressive treatment to delay or prevent lung disease.
Researchers discovered the structure of dynamin, a protein that pinches off tiny pouches from cells' outer membranes, revealing how vesicles form and advancing knowledge of endocytosis. The findings may lead to better ways for delivering drugs.
Researchers from Oregon State University are exploring the link between epigenetics, diet, and disease prevention. They found that HDAC inhibitors, found in foods like broccoli and garlic, can stop degenerative processes and turn off tumor suppressor genes.