Advances in nanotechnology can help the Arab region overcome development challenges by enhancing desalination efficiency, improving solar panel capacity, and boosting agricultural output. However, strong commitment to training scientists is crucial for addressing human resource issues.
A Stanford law professor is examining the role of brain scans in court trials, revealing that defense attorneys are more likely to use this type of evidence than prosecutors. The use of neuroscience evidence can be a double-edged sword, potentially leading to both empathy and convictions.
A Northwestern University neuroscientist argues that music training can improve children's ability to process speech in noisy classrooms and enhance everyday tasks. The research suggests that music education can be an effective strategy for helping typically developing children and those with developmental dyslexia or autism.
Solid-state lighting has the potential to reduce energy consumption for lighting by a factor of three to six times, with current forms of light-production producing up to 95% wasted energy. Phillips will discuss ways to harness existing energy sources and identify areas of needed nanotechnology research
The Great Southern California Shakeout event helped identify the need for a single, discreet story to communicate devastating earthquake projections. Researchers found that scientists' focus on high-tech research and state-of-the-art projections often conflicted with citizens' demands for timely, simple information on issues.
The Decision Theater offers a systems approach to decision-making, combining diverse perspectives to create flexible solutions. By focusing on decision-makers' needs first, experts can identify optimal short-term and long-term solutions.
US government's lifting of restrictions on federally-funded stem cell research has helped scientists focus on science, but limitations remain. George Daley will discuss the current climate and potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) in treating devastating diseases.
A new Stanford University study finds that global warming could lead to crop shortages, rising food prices, and increased poverty in some regions. However, others may benefit from higher crop yields and prices, particularly farmers who own their own land.
Research by Patrick Christie at the University of Washington found that local people's involvement and leadership are crucial for successful conservation efforts. Participatory planning, collaboration between communities and governance conditions play a vital role in managing conflicts and maintaining the health of marine ecosystems.
Carbon capture and storage technology is crucial for reducing CO2 emissions, but its widespread deployment requires a regulatory policy with a market incentive. Rubin argues that effective climate policies are necessary to incentivize the development of cleaner energy alternatives.
A study published in Palliative Medicine recommends improving communication strategies to enhance palliative care for UK patients. The authors suggest using special notes and electronic summaries to facilitate better care coordination.
A new INFORMS study proposes incentivizing shippers to take on more port security responsibilities, reducing the burden on the federal government. This shift could lead to cost savings and improved security measures in the supply chain.
Research reveals two to three times higher rates of registered sex offenders in energy 'boomtowns' compared to other industries. The study found that the growth of sex offenders increased by 300% over a nine-year period in areas dependent on oil extraction.
Researcher Bruce S. McEwen explores how daily life experiences contribute to overall wear and tear, known as allostatic load, which can lead to lifelong health problems. He emphasizes the importance of improving early childhood development through supportive home environments and parental aid.
The American Association for Dental Research (AADR) awarded John Greenspan the 2010 Distinguished Scientist Award for his groundbreaking research on HIV and its impact on oral health. Greenspan is a renowned expert in the field of oral pathology, having made significant contributions to the development of AIDS research.
A bold new approach to premedical and medical education proposes interactive, interdisciplinary learning, outlining specific scientific topics that students should know before entering medical school. The report recommends eight competencies for undergraduate and graduate students, aiming to create integrated science courses.
Dr. Karen Kohfeld's research focuses on paleo-climate and the dust cycle, highlighting its importance in understanding land-atmosphere-climate connections. The symposium will explore how changes in the dust cycle affect the oceans, carbon cycle, and human health.
Isabel Gay, assistant professor at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, receives AADR William B. Clark Fellowship for studying host genetic factors underlying diabetes and periodontal diseases in Mexican-Americans.
The new journal, published online-only, focuses on interdisciplinary limnology and oceanography research exploring the link between fluid dynamics and aquatic system processes. ASLO members receive free access, with select articles available open-access.
Research suggests that video games can optimize learning by providing information in a timely manner and creating an environment of 'pleasantly frustrating' challenges. This approach is known as 'situated learning,' where students are immersed in real-world problems to develop deep understanding and critical thinking skills.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that the risk of major bleeding after image-guided percutaneous biopsies is low, even among patients taking aspirin. The study reviewed 15,181 biopsies performed over six years and found only 70 hemorrhages (0.5%) within three months of biopsy.
A Michigan State University professor advocates for targeted recall messages via direct phone calls, email, and social media to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses. The expert notes that consumer concern about food safety is on the rise, with three-quarters of Americans believing recalls have increased in the past year.
The American Association for Dental Research (AADR) is recognizing Senator Tom Harkin's commitment to National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), doubling the NIH budget and securing $10.4 billion for research.
In Europe, strategic cooperation on geological disposal of nuclear waste is crucial for its safe implementation. The IGD-TP platform facilitates stakeholder collaboration to resolve scientific, technological and social challenges.
A study by Kansas State University finds that consumers are hesitant to store sensitive information on their cell phones due to the risk of loss or theft. However, they may be more willing to accept storing non-sensitive information such as airline or movie tickets on their phones.
A new process developed by UC Davis chemists increases biodiesel yields from oilseed crops like safflower by up to 24%. The method converts both plant oils and carbohydrates into a fuel cocktail that performs better at low temperatures.
A randomized, double-blind Phase III clinical trial will enroll approximately 1,140 people to test the safety and efficacy of progesterone in treating traumatic brain injuries. The trial aims to reduce mortality and long-term disability, building on promising laboratory testing and previous clinical trial results.
Researchers have identified calcineurin as a critical enzyme in controlling normal development and function of heart cells. The near total absence of calcineurin leads to heart arrhythmia, failure and death in genetically modified mice.
The Rockefeller Foundation has awarded a grant to support the initial implementation of a global e-Health training program in sub-Saharan Africa, designed for primary care providers and health policy-makers. The program aims to provide low- or no-cost training to community health workers in developing countries.
Researchers found that a cocktail of compounds from the beneficial fungus Muscodor albus can effectively control destructive pests in crops like wheat and apples. The fungus' volatile organic compounds killed or repelled up to 100% of certain pest species, offering a biologically based solution for pest management.
Researchers at Arizona State University and Max Planck Institute have discovered how light initiates electron transfer in the photosystem I reaction center. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more efficient artificial photosynthetic devices, providing a clean source of renewable fuel.
Dan Yankelovich suggests a three-stage process to engage the public on critical issues like global warming and bioethics. This process involves confronting and overcoming wishful thinking, engaging people's emotions and values, and combining good science, wise public policy, and thoughtful judgment.
The inaugural Next-Generation Suborbital Researchers Conference drew over 250 researchers, educators, and government officials to discuss the potential of next-gen suborbital vehicles for science, research, and workforce development.
Irwin D. Mandel, a renowned researcher and mentor, received the inaugural AADR Distinguished Mentoring Award in 2010. The award recognizes his long-term dedication to fostering and promoting research training and career development among students, trainees, and junior faculty.
Researchers found that introducing aerosols into the model made clouds significantly more reflective, but only in certain situations. The team also tested when to spray seawater aerosols to maximize brightness.
Researchers are exploring algae as a promising new fuel source to meet the country's energy needs. Algae can produce biomass and oils, utilizing abundant sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water in optimal environments, which could lead to a significant reduction in land use requirements compared to traditional crops.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center identified specific metabolic profiles associated with coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and death. The study analyzed metabolites in nearly 10,000 patients and found two sets of metabolites that differentiated between those with and without cardiovascular disease.
Arizona State University professor Brad Allenby argues that geoengineering solutions to environmental problems need to account for their social and cultural implications. He contends that the planet no longer has purely natural systems but an integrated natural-human environment shaped by centuries of technological evolution.
Researchers have found distinct changes in white matter and protein markers of brain pathology after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), which can induce problems with sodium channels on neurons
The American Association for Dental Research (AADR) has awarded David C. Johnsen, dean of the University of Iowa College of Dentistry, with the 2010 Jack Hein Public Service Award. Johnsen is recognized for his tireless advocacy for oral health research funding and training.
Researchers at George Mason University and the University of Otago found a strong correlation between diatom diversity and whale species diversity over the last 30 million years. The study suggests that changes in ocean productivity may drive variations in whale fossil records, providing new insights into the evolution of modern whales.
Researchers used contrast-enhanced MRI to differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, finding a significant difference in perfusion after 15 minutes. The study suggests that contrast-enhanced MRI could play a key role in targeted therapies for each condition.
Researchers have discovered a molecular process that controls the growth of nerve cells, allowing them to form complex extensions for signal transmission. The study highlights the importance of Nedd4-1 enzyme in regulating cytoskeleton structure and ensuring normal dendrite growth.
A radical change in coordinated network planning and operation is needed for a reliable European grid, highlighting the importance of integrated strategic planning and cross-border coordination. The integration of renewable power sources poses significant challenges, requiring smarter grids to accommodate variable generation.
Dolphus Dawson, III, receives the 2010 AADR Neal W. Chilton Fellowship for biostatistical analysis of a dataset from the Effects of Periodontal Therapy on Preterm Birth (OPT) study. The analysis will investigate associations between clinical measures and preeclampsia in the OPT study population.
A University of Illinois study identified five consumer segments at farmers' markets, including enthusiasts, recreational shoppers, and serious buyers. The research found that each market's personality attracts specific people and can be replicated by changing the location or time of day.
A national poll found that most Americans would follow public health recommendations to obtain prophylactic antibiotics in response to a hypothetical anthrax attack. However, a significant minority would delay taking the recommended medication, which could put them at greater risk of serious illness.
To create sustainable engineers in the 21st century, educators and students must be aware of emerging fields and their global context. This includes developing business skills and understanding social and environmental implications.
The European Commission's Joint Research Centre has released a new guidance document that harmonizes validated testing methods for food allergens, increasing consumer protection and facilitating international trade. This development is crucial for labelling of food products and avoiding allergic reactions.
Cyclone Gelane has reached category 4 strength in the Southern Indian Ocean, with sustained winds near 143 mph and a compact eye. The storm is expected to move into adverse atmospheric conditions this weekend, leading to weakening and potential rough surf along nearby islands.
Recent research suggests that dust storms in the Arctic, possibly caused by receding glaciers, may be depositing soil in northern Europe and North America. This phenomenon could impact local climates and potentially affect human health due to the presence of small particles in the air.
A new study in the Journal for Healthcare Quality reveals that P4P programs can improve quality of care, especially for selected measures like mammography and childhood immunization. Low performing physicians who used a P4P program improved significantly over time, highlighting the importance of sustaining these programs.
Highly fit multiple sclerosis patients perform significantly better on tests of cognitive function than similar less-fit patients. Aerobic fitness has a protective effect on parts of the brain most affected by MS, leading to better performance on tasks that measure processing speed.
A University of Missouri researcher introduces a strengths-based approach to therapy for family violence survivors, focusing on their resilience, perseverance, and coping skills. This approach helps identify survivors' abilities and promotes a collaborative process between the survivor and professional.
Researchers used population genetics approaches to identify gene variants that increase or decrease susceptibility to viral infections, finding 139 human genes with this effect. The study suggests these variants could be targeted for novel therapeutic approaches and vaccines.
Researchers developed a standard checklist to facilitate safe administration of sedation at home, finding that PS does not hasten death and is used more frequently in hospitals. The study's findings aim to ease concerns about using palliative sedation in home care settings.
A patented formulation of Sericea lespedeza has been developed to control gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and sheep, a major economic burden for farmers. The plant's addition to animal feed thwarts the reproductive cycles of nematodes like Haemonchus contortus, reducing the risk of anemia and death.
Carnivorous plants have been found to produce compounds that are effective against human fungal infections. The plant's pitchers contain enzymes and secondary metabolites that can dissolve fungi, providing a potential solution for treating infections like athlete's foot and skin fungal infections in hospitals.
Van Andel Research Institute researchers found a way to reverse resistance to sunitinib, a treatment for clear cell renal cell carcinoma, by administering sunitinib and IL-8 neutralizing antibodies. This discovery may help predict patients' response to the treatment.
Scientists created oil droplets that can solve complex mazes using pH gradients, potentially helping cancer drugs reach tumors and nano-machines move accurately. This technology could be used to design new anti-cancer drugs and improve the navigation of futuristic nano-machines.