A new study reveals that fungal spores travel farther by forming a plume that reduces drag to nearly zero, creating a wind that carries them up to 100 millimeters. By hydrodynamic cooperation, thousands of spores are ejected simultaneously, reaching speeds of 60 centimeters per second and covering distances of over a centimeter.
A new analysis by Stanford University School of Medicine found that using a popular test to identify patients who may benefit from statin therapy would be cost-effective, but only under certain scenarios. Assigning statin therapy based on risk alone was the most cost-effective strategy.
A computational model developed by RUB scientists simulates brain activity through neighbor interactions, facilitating faster processing of moving objects. The model, published in PLoS Computational Biology, uses a neural field approach to describe the complex dynamics of cortical neurons.
The National Cancer Institute has awarded a five-year, $13.6 million grant to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment through nanotechnology advances. The grant will support research efforts led by Dr. Joseph DeSimone and Dr. Joel Te...
A new study explores how genetic and environmental factors influence educational outcomes in identical and fraternal twins across Minnesota and Sweden. Family background plays a significant role in determining education, especially in Minnesota, while Sweden prioritizes grades and test scores.
A Stanford study finds that 90% of emergency departments nationwide provide preventive-care services, despite being under pressure to prioritize acute care. The most common service is domestic violence screening, while HIV screening is the least offered. Many EDs struggle to balance quality and cost constraints.
Researchers have developed a new theory that describes the way quarks 'swing' inside protons using massive quantities of random numbers. This allows for more accurate numerical calculations and provides a new understanding of the data from large research groups at CERN.
Researchers have developed an in vitro system to investigate hair-cell regeneration techniques, while studies also examine the presence of biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Disparities in healthcare access and utilization among children with ear infections were also found, highlighting the need for targeted interven...
CSIRO has partnered with German organizations to develop low-energy electron beam processing technology, preserving food's flavor, odor, and nutrients without heat or chemicals. The technology has been successfully applied to Stahmann Farms, Australia's largest pecan nut processor.
The new technology, thermo-spintronics, could enable integrated circuits that run on heat instead of electricity. Researchers discovered that two pieces of the material do not need to be physically connected for the effect to propagate from one to the other.
A new analysis reveals that male partners of women with breast cancer are at a significantly higher risk of developing severe mood disorders requiring hospitalization. The study found a 39% increased risk of being hospitalized with an affective disorder among men whose partners had breast cancer, compared to those without.
A recent study reveals that tile drainage in the Mississippi Basin is a significant source of nitrate pollution, particularly in the highly productive cornbelt region. Farmers are not blamed for this issue, as they are using the same amount of nitrogen since 1993 and achieving higher yields.
Researchers found improved lung function after inhaled steroids is related to breathing function measures, not genetic ancestry. The study suggests that a commonly used asthma medication is equally beneficial across racial groups.
The UCLA-developed Combat Casualty Care educational program provides critical training for U.S. armed forces medical personnel in traumatic injury management, applicable to both military and civilian settings. The program incorporates cutting-edge video footage, patient cases, and ultrasound training modules to enhance trauma care.
A randomized trial found that 30 months of supervised exercise followed by voluntary home training significantly reduced the risk of fractures in high-risk elderly women. The study also showed improved balance and gait, as well as lower mortality rates, compared to a control group.
Research reveals that medical imaging can identify incidental findings in 39.8% of study participants, with potential for early diagnosis or unnecessary interventions
Researchers at Rice University used gold nanoparticles with laser pulses to create tiny vapor bubbles that selectively destroyed cancer cells in zebra fish implanted with live human prostate cancer cells. This technique avoids damaging healthy tissue and demonstrates a new approach to cancer treatment.
UC San Diego researcher Maike Sander leads a team in developing replacement insulin-producing beta cells from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. The goal is to create a cell-based approach for treating type 1 diabetes, providing patients with insulin independence and reduced risk of hypoglycemia.
A recent study by UTHealth researchers found that flavored and sports beverages are associated with lower levels of healthy behaviors, such as physical activity and eating fruits and vegetables. The study suggests that sugary drinks have minimal nutritional value and can undo the effects of exercise.
Researchers found a way to shrink tumors in certain cancers by blocking the production of microRNA 380, which disables the P53 gene. This breakthrough provides hope for new treatments and may return cells to normal when blocked.
Ex-RAD shows significant radioprotective benefit in mice exposed to lethal whole body irradiation, with oral administration producing a high survival rate. The study demonstrates the ability of Ex-RAD to provide radioprotective benefit by injection and oral delivery.
New research from UC Berkeley found that magnetic pulses disrupt neurons governing motor skills, increasing left hand use in right-handed volunteers. The study challenges previous assumptions about decision-making and may pave the way for clinical advances in brain injury rehabilitation.
A new analysis by Jianzhi Zhang and coworkers reveals flaws in models predicting the cost of complexity and finds that moderate complexity best enables organisms to adapt. The study challenged assumptions underlying traditional mathematical models, suggesting that a moderate amount of complexity is beneficial for adaptation.
The hospital is studying embryo, placenta and heart development, susceptibility to infection in newborns, and effects of intrauterine development on later outcomes. Researchers aim to improve care for vulnerable children by optimizing both the intrauterine and postnatal environment.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that television coverage significantly influenced public interest in the Obama-Muslim rumor, leading to increased online searches. Newspaper coverage had little effect, as articles effectively dispelled the rumor and reduced online searches.
Researchers are exploring the cowpea's high protein content, drought resistance, and ability to infuse soils with nitrogen, making it a promising crop for Africa's food security. The conference highlights innovative approaches to breeding resilient varieties and using biotechnology to combat pests and diseases.
Researchers found that surgery provides high survival rates of 92% for patients with aggressive prostate cancer, outperforming radiation therapy alone in terms of cancer-specific and overall survival. The study suggests that limiting hormone therapy may avoid adverse health consequences for these patients.
Research by sociologists Ellen Idler and Julie Phillips found significant increases in middle-aged suicide rates, particularly among unmarried individuals and those without a college degree. The study suggests that chronic diseases and substance abuse may be contributing factors to the rising trend.
A unique gastroenterology procedure, Double-Balloon Enteroscopy (DBE), has been successfully used to treat small intestinal diseases in children. DBE allowed doctors to diagnose and manage diseases such as Crohn's disease and Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome with improved symptoms.
Researchers discovered that Maf protein promotes osteoblast differentiation in mice, reducing bone formation and increasing fat cell generation with age. Additionally, studies found defective immune cells in patients with type 1 diabetes and suggested these cells could be a viable target for treatment.
Researchers developed a questionnaire that relies on friends and family to evaluate cognitive changes, which corresponded with biomarker results more consistently than traditional cognitive tests. The Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8) tool provides a brief and low-cost alternative for identifying individuals who need follow-up evaluations.
Researchers have found a new drug combination that enhances anti-tumor efficacy and protects the heart from damage caused by doxorubicin, a powerful anti-cancer drug. The combination of Viagra and doxorubicin significantly reduces tumor size in prostate cancer patients without harming healthy cells.
A recent study found that black patients are less likely to experience end-of-life care that accurately reflects their preferences compared to white patients. Black patients with more education were marginally more likely to report having end-of-life discussions, but still received more aggressive care regardless of their values.
A study found that mindfulness meditation training reduced fatigue and depression in people with mild to moderate multiple sclerosis, improving overall quality of life. The positive effects continued for at least six months.
A team of researchers has identified a key player in maintaining bone balance, finding that the protein Maf promotes bone formation and prevents osteoporosis. By understanding this age-related switch in cell type generation, new approaches to treat age-related osteoporosis may be developed.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researchers are developing a novel ceramic material for energy storage, aiming to overcome a key bottleneck in large-scale wind and solar power generation. The goal is to create nanoengineered capacitors that can store energy quickly and efficiently.
Stanford engineers discovered that ultra-thin solar cells with nanoscale roughness can absorb more energy than predicted by conventional theory. Light trapping technique increases energy absorption beyond the theoretical limit, opening a new door to designing highly efficient solar cells.
Physicists at University of Innsbruck successfully expose four entangled ions to a noisy environment, demonstrating the variety of flavors or properties in their entanglement. This study forms an important basis for understanding entanglement under environmental disturbances and the boundary between quantum and classical worlds.
A new Stanford study examining pine-bark extract's effects on blood pressure found no significant benefit in lowering blood pressure or reducing other risk factors for heart disease. The study, which recruited 130 overweight individuals, used a Japanese-produced pine-bark extract and confirmed its safety but found no health benefits.
A computer model shows that the US is susceptible to MDR-TB epidemics when TB prevalence falls and case detection improves, even with high treatment compliance. This is attributed to the increased risk of drug-resistant TB spreading in populations with low drug-susceptible TB rates.
University of Illinois researchers have created a tiny needle that can deliver quantum dots directly into a cell's nucleus, allowing for the study of internal environments and cellular processes. This breakthrough technique uses electrical potential to control the release of molecules and offers precise monitoring capabilities, opening...
Dr. Jerrold J. Ellner leads an international research team to identify biological markers for tuberculosis (TB) and develop novel treatments and vaccines. The five-year grant aims to prevent TB, which kills nearly two million people annually.
A recent clinical study has shown that patient-specific vaccines can sometimes induce durable complete regression of progressing soft-tissue melanoma metastases. The vaccine was found to be effective in one particular patient who remained in complete remission for over two years, more than four years after her initial diagnosis.
A 12-week randomized clinical trial found that pine bark extract did not improve risk factors for heart disease, despite its potential biological benefits. The study included 130 participants at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, who took either pine bark extract or a placebo once daily.
Children with chronic lung disease of prematurity who attend daycare are nearly four times more likely to experience serious respiratory symptoms than those who do not. Daycare attendance is associated with increased emergency room visits, medication use, and breathing problems in these vulnerable children.
A new report by the International Osteoporosis Foundation reveals poor post-fracture care in the region, with high mortality rates after hip fractures. The report predicts a significant increase in osteoporotic fractures due to aging populations and limited access to diagnostic tests and medication.
Significant changes in coastal fish species distribution are observed in south-eastern Australia, partly due to climate change. The study identified 43 species exhibiting shifts thought to be climate-related, including warm temperate surf-zone species and range increases for Snapper and Rock Flathead.
A new study investigates the temporal relationship between cough and reflux using a validated sound recording device. The study found that 70% of patients exhibited temporal associations, with cough preceding reflux in 48% of cases.
A review of 19 papers found that healthcare professionals lack adequate training and support to care for people who self-harm. The study highlights the importance of education and training in improving attitudes and quality of care.
Researchers found that celiac disease is on the rise, with increasing cases in the elderly, challenging the common speculation that it develops in childhood. Environmental factors may play a role in developing tolerance to gluten before an autoimmune disease sets in.
Researchers have developed a method to extract and present viral surface fragments, known as epitopes, into computer-designed protein scaffolds that lock them in recognizable shapes. This approach has implications for vaccine design and the development of antibodies against HIV/AIDS.
A new report by York University researchers finds that homeless young people are disproportionately victimized by violence and crime. The study, which interviewed 244 homeless youths across Toronto, highlights the need for a balanced response to address youth homelessness and crime.
Researchers have identified LIMK as a crucial regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in cancer metastasis. Inhibiting LIMK function blocks collective invasion of tumor cells, preventing metastasis in breast and squamous carcinoma cells.
Tel Aviv University researchers developed miRNAkey software to analyze microRNA patterns in healthy and diseased tissues, improving understanding of human diseases at a genetic level. The software enables scientists to identify relevant microRNAs, determine their levels, and generate statistically valuable information.
A lifestyle intervention has been shown to provide long-term benefits for individuals with type 2 diabetes, leading to significant weight loss and improvements in fitness, hemoglobin A1c levels, and cholesterol profiles. The study suggests that this approach can help prevent long-term complications of the disease.
The 2010 AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting showcased significant research on the connection between allergic disease and rhinosinusitis, with literature highlighting the united airway concept. Robotic thyroidectomy was also discussed, with experts exploring its feasibility, safety, and future adoption.
Researchers at NPL and Orla Protein Technologies are developing improved TB detection methods to enhance sensitivity, specificity, cost and speed. The project aims to create systems that advance current methods, helping improve healthcare in resource-limiting settings.
Researchers found that gut-invading worms produce a protein that generates regulatory T cells in mice, allowing the worms to establish a foothold. This mechanism also suppresses allergic responses, which may contribute to reduced allergy symptoms in humans infected with intestinal worms.
Researchers will investigate biological mechanisms of broadly neutralizing antibody generation and its relevance to AIDS vaccine design. The U19 grant will support studies using samples from HIV-positive volunteers worldwide.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center identified a molecular communications pathway influencing hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Pharmacological inhibition of the Egfr signaling pathway increased stem cell mobilization in mice, suggesting a new rationale for targeted therapies.