A special issue of Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology explores new treatments for pediatric-onset OCD and Tourette's disorder, including riluzole, a drug approved for ALS that shows promise in psychiatric conditions. Researchers propose identifying specific brain circuits as targets for new drug development.
A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Affairs suggests that observing food labels and exercising regularly can lead to significant weight loss. The research found that women between the ages of 37-50 are more likely to read food labels, which increases their chances of losing weight.
Researchers found that individuals maintain attachment to their old team or city as a way of asserting their identity after relocating. Nostalgia for the old hometown also plays a role in consumption choices among fans. The study's findings have implications for sports broadcasting and fan engagement.
A team of researchers, led by Patrick Crowley, is working on a new Internet architecture that focuses on named data networking. This approach aims to reduce redundant network traffic and improve security, enabling the connection of a large number of wireless and mobile devices.
Acamprosate reduces the number of patients returning to drinking and increases abstinence days by an average of three days a month. The drug has been shown to be safe and effective as an additional treatment for alcoholism, offering moderate benefits in trials.
A new report suggests that conserving and wisely using existing antibiotics is key to slowing the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections. The proposal would reward pharmaceutical companies for marketing drugs in a way that keeps resistance rates low by setting 'effectiveness targets' and coordinating with physicians and hospitals.
Researchers conducted 18 hurricane hunter flights, including the first flight by an unmanned NASA Global Hawk over a hurricane to study intensification. The Intensity Forecast Experiment (IFEX) incorporates data from various sources to improve forecast accuracy.
The winners of the Penn State University plant-biology video contest are being announced, with $2,000 in Grand Prizes awarded for innovative and informative videos showcasing plant life. The competition is part of the nonprofit collaborative project ChloroFilms, which promotes fresh and attention-getting videos about plant biology.
A study of ghostwritten articles reveals how pharmaceutical companies like Wyeth promoted unproven hormone replacement therapy benefits and downplayed potential harms. The analysis shows that ghostwriting was used to mitigate risks associated with Prempro, a brand of menopausal hormone therapy.
A new study found that higher education is associated with improved cardiovascular health outcomes in high-income countries, but not in low- and middle-income countries. Smoking rates unexpectedly increased with greater education level among women in these regions.
Fungal growth on film reels can lead to degradation of historic film and pose a risk to archivists. Common mold species Aspergillus and Penicillium are released into the air, exceeding safe exposure levels.
The National Institutes of Health will launch a multi-year study to investigate the potential health effects of the oil spill in the Gulf region. The study, led by NIEHS, aims to evaluate exposure to oil and dispersant products and their impact on respiratory, neurobehavioral, carcinogenic, and immunological conditions.
Using ultrasound and a minimally-invasive procedure, radiologists can identify and remove embedded foreign objects from patients with self-embedding behavior. Early detection and removal are key steps for effective therapy and recovery.
Tropical Storm Hermine formed quickly in the Gulf of Mexico, producing heavy rains over northeastern Mexico and South Texas. The storm's organization was enhanced by extremely warm sea surface temperatures, which powered its rapid intensification.
Patient panels with greater proportions of underinsured, minority and non-English speaking patients were associated with lower physician quality rankings. The association suggests that inaccurate physician clinical performance rankings could lead to misallocation of resources.
A study published in JAMA found that gemcitabine was not superior to fluorouracil plus folinic acid in terms of overall survival for patients with resected pancreatic cancer. The study included 1,088 patients and showed no significant difference in survival estimates between the treatment groups.
Mammoths, reindeer and woolly rhinos found in Iberia during cold climate periods, coinciding with global cooling in Greenland. The species' presence indicates a biological crisis as temperatures warmed up, leading to habitat loss.
A new computer system, based on a model of the human brain's visual processing, accurately identifies mouse behaviors in videos, reducing tedious data logging tasks. The open-source software is available for free and can be easily trained to work with other lab animals, increasing productivity in behavioral research.
Researchers at NIH used high-resolution microscopy to understand how fat cells absorb glucose in response to insulin. The findings may aid in identifying the interval when someone becomes at risk for developing type 2 diabetes.
Scientists mapped termite mounds to understand vegetation patterns and geology, revealing how changes in rainfall affect the landscape. The research uses termite mounds as indicators of ecological shifts from climate change.
A team of Fox Chase Cancer Center researchers identified an activation signal for the Aurora-A oncogene, a hyperactive enzyme driving tumor cell proliferation. The discovery may lead to new insights into how cell division is timed and potentially improve treatment options by combining AurA inhibitors with other drugs.
Patients over 50 and obese recipients are at higher risk of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS). Elevated triglyceride levels, CMV infection, and delayed graft function also significantly increase the risk. Researchers found that age and obesity increased TRAS by 190% and 697%, respectively.
A research team from UCD Conway Institute has successfully sequenced the first entire genome of an Irish individual, revealing nearly 200,000 indels and over 3 million SNPs. The study identifies novel genetic markers specific to Irish ancestry and potential disease indicators.
The international consortium has completed the majority of the genome sequence of the domesticated turkey, with over 90% of the genome sequenced and assembled. The research will provide knowledge of specific genes important in meat yield and quality, health, disease resistance, fertility, and reproduction.
A recent study found that over a quarter of acute care visits in the US are made to emergency departments, instead of personal physicians. This shift is attributed to primary care doctors' packed schedules and low reimbursement rates, which limit their ability to provide timely access to care.
A new study found that children treated with protease inhibitors and then switched to Nevirapine were more likely to maintain low virus levels. The switch regime is easier for parents to adhere to, saving money, but requires adequate monitoring of virus levels.
A new study reveals that chronically high insulin levels trigger hormonal changes in the pituitary gland, disrupting ovarian function and impairing fertility. Researchers suggest decreasing the pituitary's sensitivity to insulin as a potential target for treatment.
A study analyzed data from influenza cases in Wisconsin and found that children with 2009 H1N1 infections were not at higher risk for hospital admission or pneumonia compared to seasonal H1N1 or H3N2 infections. Adults also showed similar risks of serious outcomes, indicating lower severity of symptoms.
Researchers found that low-income neighborhoods have nearly 20 times more penetrating injuries and six times higher blunt injury rates compared to high-income areas. The study suggests that interventions are needed to reduce injury rates in low-income neighborhoods.
A randomized controlled trial found wrist splints to be as effective as casts for treating distal radius fractures in children. Patient satisfaction with splint treatment was higher than with cast treatment.
A large Canadian study found a possible association between fetal radiation exposure and an increased risk of childhood cancer, but the link remains uncertain due to substantial variability. The researchers recommend continued beta hCG testing and lead apron shielding for pregnant women undergoing radiodiagnostic testing.
A team led by UC San Diego aims to study the genetic bases of bipolar disorder and lithium treatment through a 5-year project, expanding the NIH's Pharmacogenomics Research Network. The goal is to identify key genetic markers to personalize treatment and improve patient outcomes.
The Centre for Geogenetics is a globally unique facility that bridges the natural sciences and humanities, offering new insights into human migration, climate change, and disease treatment. With its advanced techniques, it aims to calculate the future more accurately by understanding the past.
Researchers have discovered that the harmful amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease interferes with the cellular process of breaking down proteins, leading to an accumulation of toxic debris. The study reveals a natural mechanism for getting rid of excess amyloid, which may help understand the disease.
The use of digital film reels is becoming increasingly common in the movie industry, with digital cinema packages (DCPs) replacing analog film. The easyDCP Creator software makes creating these digital film packages easier, allowing for simple and clear operation without full expertise on ISO standards.
A MU study found that 67% of textile and apparel firms misrepresent themselves, with nearly 80% of wholesalers not defining themselves correctly. Companies with congruent identities tend to be financially successful, hiring more employees and having higher sales.
A systematic review of available evidence finds that pharmaceutical and alternative medicines offer limited relief from morning sickness in pregnancy. Despite a lack of conclusive results, some studies suggest potential benefits from ginger, vitamin B6, and acustimulation.
Researchers discovered a significant association between persistent statin use and reduced incidence of rheumatoid arthritis, compared to non-users. After adjusting for confounders, patients who used statins persistently had a lower risk ratio of developing rheumatoid arthritis, with no significant short-term effect.
The American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) are presenting various scholarships and fellowships to students pursuing careers in agronomy and plant sciences. The scholarships include the Hank Beachell Future Leader Scholarship, United Soybean Board Fellowship...
The 2010 Balzan Prizewinners were announced in Milan for their groundbreaking work in European History, The History of Theatre, Stem Cells, and Mathematics. Carlo Ginzburg won for his work on European History, while Manfred Brauneck received the prize for The History of Theatre.
A new Iowa State University study found that corn bred to contain increased levels of beta-carotene is a good source of vitamin A. The discovery validates the promise of biofortified corn being developed as an effective tool to combat vitamin A deficiency in developing countries.
A recent study published in Psychological Science found that females with a male co-twin score higher on mental rotation tasks than those with a female co-twin. The study suggests that prenatal masculinization may play a role in this skill, which is often associated with testosterone levels.
A recent study published in the INFORMS journal Management Science found that young, male CEOs with higher levels of testosterone are more likely to initiate, scrap, or resist mergers and acquisitions. This is due to testosterone's association with male dominance-seeking in competitive situations.
Carnegie Mellon University has received a five-year, $3.15 million grant to launch an interdisciplinary program exploring the environmental affects and policy implications of nanotechnology. Graduate students from multiple disciplines will participate in a two-year training program to learn about environmental issues pertaining to nano...
Researchers at the Buck Institute discovered that insulin signaling affects cell survival and metabolism through translation. The study found that lower insulin signaling is associated with increased tolerance to stress, suggesting a new avenue for disease intervention.
A study by researchers at the University of Warwick has found that short sleep duration is associated with a significant increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. People who sleep less than six hours a night are three times more likely to develop impaired fasting glycaemia, a pre-diabetic state.
Researchers have created a new animal model for rheumatoid arthritis that closely mimics the human disease. The KRN-CTM model exhibits chronic inflammation and cartilage damage similar to human cases.
A unique suicide prevention program called Sources of Strength will be tested in 36 high schools across New York and North Dakota. The program aims to train influential teen peer leaders to change coping practices in their friendship networks.
Researchers at UC Riverside have identified a chemical compound, blebbistatin, that inhibits the molecular motor NMII and prevents cell death in human pluripotent stem cells. This breakthrough discovery brings stem cell research closer to finding therapies for various diseases.
Interactive computer packages moderately increase knowledge about sexual health issues and are as effective as face-to-face interventions for improving knowledge. However, their effectiveness in addressing other concerns like psychosexual difficulties or relationship problems is unclear.
A study of 4,320 consumer panelists found that low-carbohydrate claims can mislead consumers into perceiving products as healthier and more helpful for weight management. However, when Nutrition Facts panels are available, perceptions become more accurate.
Two studies found that smoking during early pregnancy reduces germ cells and somatic cells in developing embryos, potentially influencing future fertility. This may contribute to the decline in fertility rates observed in recent years.
A study found that infants receiving pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV-7) at 2, 4, and 11 months had a higher likelihood of acquiring pneumococcal serotype 19A, a multiresistant strain. The study's findings suggest that PCV-7 may facilitate the acquisition of this strain.
A meta-analysis found that changing how people perceive and think about others is the most effective way to combat loneliness. Cognitive-behavioral therapy-based interventions were particularly effective in reducing loneliness by addressing negative thoughts about self-worth and social perceptions.
Researchers have used a tuatara's 3D computer model to understand how its jaw joints and muscles work together to prevent tooth damage. The study suggests that humans could benefit from a similar feedback system to reduce the risk of dental implant failures.
A study has discovered that progerin, the protein responsible for Progeria, is present in the vasculature of the general population and increases with age. Researchers found that progerin levels in coronary arteries increased by an average of 3.3% per year between one month and 97 years.
The international consortium's completion of the turkey genome sequence promises to provide new insights into avian genetics and improve turkey quality. The sequence will enable scientists to better understand specific genes important in meat yield, health, and disease resistance.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified a new target for cancer therapy in dogs and tested a compound that arrested tumor growth and induced partial remission. The study suggests that the treatment could be effective and safe, potentially adding to existing lymphoma treatments.
Scientists found that irrigation can have a significant cooling effect on regional temperatures, with some areas experiencing up to 3 degrees C cooling. However, the study also warns of impending water scarcity due to overuse of groundwater aquifers, which could exacerbate food shortages and temperature increases.
Native submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) cover increased tenfold and diversity of plant species rose as nutrients declined and water clarity improved. Improved restoration efforts have boosted SAV abundance, benefiting ecosystem health.