A University of Michigan study found that brief motivational talks in the emergency room reduced peer violence and alcohol misuse among teens by 34% and 32% respectively. The talks helped adolescents weigh the pros and cons of their choices, using role-play exercises to cope with risky situations.
Mountaintop removal and valley fill mining are causing permanent alterations to Appalachian forests and streams, with devastating effects on diverse habitats and freshwater resources. Current mitigation efforts do not compensate for the losses, and scientists urge a shift towards renewable energy sources to protect the environment.
Female budgerigars are attracted to males that produce calls similar to their own, increasing in similarity during courtship. The study challenges traditional understandings of the difference between birds' songs and calls.
A study by LMU researchers found that neutrophils play a crucial role in blood coagulation and antimicrobial defense, trapping pathogens in small blood vessels. Excessive clotting, however, can lead to life-threatening conditions like heart attack and stroke.
Leading respiratory specialists call for a new approach to TB screening for newly arrived immigrants from high-risk countries. They argue that the current system is fundamentally flawed and fails to address the growing number of TB cases in the UK. The authors propose screening new arrivals in community services, rather than relying on...
A study published in CMAJ found that revascularization procedures in elderly patients after a heart attack decreased one-year mortality rates from 48.4% to 30%. The use of invasive cardiac procedures and recommended medications increased, contributing to improved survival rates.
A new study by University of Alberta researchers found that wealthier families in Canada get the biggest bang for their buck from the Children's Fitness Tax Credit. Lower-income families can't afford registration fees and therefore qualify less often.
A team of UC Riverside researchers is working with the California Air Resources Board to improve a method for measuring diesel particulate emissions. The research could provide the groundwork for strengthening standards for diesel particulates, and has already led to the collection of over 24,000 analytical samples.
Researchers are investigating how different forms of phosphorus trigger toxic algal blooms in the Great Lakes, with a focus on the blue-green algae species Microcystis. Understanding which types of phosphorus are most instrumental in stimulating bloom formation is crucial for protecting public health and the coastal ecosystem.
Scientists studied the impact of a prolonged Sun cycle on Earth's conveyor belt and found that it may have led to a longer cycle. Additionally, researchers examined how global water supply sharing affects drought vulnerability, finding that sharing water globally during times of drought can increase societal resilience.
A study published in JAMA found that an advocacy intervention did not improve depressive symptoms in Chinese women who experienced intimate partner violence. The intervention, which included empowerment sessions and telephone support, showed no clinically meaningful improvement in depressive symptoms despite being aimed at enhancing se...
The US Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works convened a special hearing on potential environmental health factors associated with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Speaks emphasizes the importance of research on environmental risk factors, noting a dramatic increase in autism prevalence over the last decade.
A team of researchers led by Pitt's Jeremy Levy will combine semiconductor and superconducting materials to create a single material for quantum computers, tackling challenges like information loss and quantum simulation. The $7.5 million MURI award aims to accelerate research and application development.
Researchers will develop a forecasting ability to predict toxic dinoflagellate blooms and build a mobile lab to investigate the key driver behind fish-killing algae. The goal is to provide seasonal predictions and minimize public health risks.
Paul Li's new technique combines DNA microarrays with microfluidic devices, allowing for faster and more efficient DNA analysis at room temperature. The method uses gold nanoparticles to separate single strands of DNA, enabling quicker detection and identification of specific genetic sequences.
Novo Nordisk's decision to withdraw Mixtard 30 insulin could add £9 million to the NHS drugs bill in England, affecting 90,000 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Alternative biphasic insulins are more expensive and may cause disruption to patient care.
A survey in the Central African Republic found that over three-quarters of adults experienced traumatic events, leading to high rates of depression and anxiety. The study's findings highlight the urgent need for aid programs and security sector reforms to protect civilians.
To eradicate malaria, it is essential to comprehend the private lives of mosquitoes beyond their usual habitats. The authors emphasize that current vector control measures are insufficient to break the Plasmodium falciparum transmission cycle in highly endemic areas.
A theoretical model compares the transport characteristics of straight- and branched-chain polymers in channels, shedding light on how deformability affects their movement. The findings could aid in developing carrier molecules for targeted drug delivery.
A team at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that adding just 9% selenium to zinc oxide boosts the material's efficiency in absorbing light. This breakthrough potentially addresses both cost and efficiency needs for sustainable solar power conversion.
A community-based maternal health delivery strategy known as the MOM Project increased access to maternal health care services for internally displaced women in eastern Burma. The study found a ten-fold increase in women assisted at delivery by emergency obstetric care workers, resulting in improved antenatal and postnatal care outcomes.
A recent study found that East Asian cultures process information differently than Western cultures, with differences in attention, categorization, and reasoning. Aging has a greater impact on cognitive processes than culture.
A new tagging technique developed by researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago provides a clearer and more dynamic view of protein-protein interactions in living mammalian cells. The technique uses luminescence resonance energy transfer to label proteins with differently colored, luminescent molecules, allowing for faster data ...
Researchers examine how humans impact ecosystems through nanomaterials, green roofs, and airborne microbes in hospital settings. Findings reveal altered plant growth, changed microbial communities, and diverse insect species on green roofs.
A recent study by University of Missouri researcher Rui Yao reveals that urban Chinese households maintain high saving rates and are unwilling to utilize credit. The survey shows that only 11% of Chinese households hold debt, compared to nearly 80% in the US.
A new study reveals that parents of children with autism are more likely to divorce than couples with typically developing children, particularly after the child reaches adolescence and adulthood. The study found that marital strain may remain high in these later years due to ongoing parenting demands.
Researchers discovered that Venus flytraps convert sugars into carbon dioxide and energy to power their traps, contradicting the idea of passive plants. The plants' digestive process provides a means to capture prey, allowing them to thrive in nutrient-poor environments.
The University of Hawaii at Manoa has identified the Leeward side of Hawaiian Islands as a promising location for ocean-based renewable energy plants using seawater to drive massive heat engines. This technology, known as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), has the potential to produce steady amounts of renewable energy by harnessi...
A study of orangutans found they used remarkably low energy levels, similar to those of sloths. This adaptation may be an evolutionary response to food shortages in their native rainforests, where ripe fruit is unpredictable and scarce.
Babenko's fellowship will allow him to attend the European Conference on Computer Vision and work on weakly supervised learning systems for object detection and recognition. His research focuses on tackling computer vision problems with less precise labels, enabling more efficient data collection.
A new study found that the US adult obesity burden has significantly increased since 1993, with quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost due to morbidity and mortality from obesity more than doubling. The prevalence of obesity for US adults rose from 14.1% to 26.7%, and obesity-related QALYs lost followed a similar pattern.
A Texas A&M graduate contributed to a study linking protein malfunction to mental retardation, with early detection potentially leading to treatment. Researchers tested zebrafish and found that PHF8 enzyme mutations cause XLMR.
A community-based maternal health delivery strategy, MOM, implemented in eastern Burma improved access to antenatal and postnatal care, skilled birth attendants, and family planning. The project increased women's participation in these services by up to tenfold, with modern contraception use rising from 24% to 45%.
A new study found that short exposure to artificial noise makes fish attracted to inappropriate sounds, putting their survival at risk. The researchers used underwater experiments to show that baby reef fish can learn and remember specific sounds, including those made by humans.
A South Korean study has shown that patients infected with hepatitis B are around twice as likely to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The study found an increased risk of NHL and malignant immunoproliferation in HBV-positive individuals.
Researchers at Cardiff University are using advanced brain imaging techniques to investigate how people with autism process touch sensations. The study aims to provide a clearer understanding of sensory symptoms in autism and potentially lead to the development of new treatments.
Researchers found that African American women who use oral contraceptives are more likely to develop estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. The study, based on data from the Black Women's Health Study, also revealed a significant increase in risk for women who have used oral contraceptives for 10 or more years.
A new trade name, Sparta – the Soybean Aphid Shield, has been developed by Dechun Wang, which promises healthier harvests for growers and a little green for the university too. The resistant genes were isolated from 2,000 strains of soybeans tested against aphids.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that low hemoglobin levels can indicate a potential for colon cancer years before it's diagnosed. A continuous long-term decline of more than 0.28 grams per decilitre over a four-year period may serve as a warning of illness on the horizon.
A global distribution map of P. vivax malaria identifies regions with extremely low or unstable transmission, where control and elimination are relatively good prospects. The study estimates that 91% of exposed individuals live in Central and South East Asia.
Dr. Kenneth F. Raffa, a renowned expert in forest entomology, has been selected to deliver the Founders' Memorial Award lecture at Entomology 2010. He will honor the memory of Dr. Andrew Delmar Hopkins, considered the father of North American forest entomology.
A new study found that smoking increases breast abscess risk by 6 times, while nipple piercing is also a risk factor. Smoking also leads to higher recurrence rates, with 40-50% of cases recurring.
Majorities of Florida, Maine, and Massachusetts residents believe the Earth has been warming due to human activities. The states closely resemble national results in supporting government action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and implementing cap-and-trade systems.
A large trial found that B vitamin supplements did not reduce the risk of subsequent vascular events in patients who had a recent stroke or ischemic attack. Despite lowering homocysteine levels, B vitamins were not effective in preventing non-fatal strokes, heart attacks, or vascular deaths.
A Stanford University study has found that carnivorous grasshopper mice are the primary carriers of the deadly plague disease in prairie dog towns. The research suggests that when grasshopper mouse density becomes high, it leads to an epizootic, resulting in the deaths of virtually all prairie dogs in a town.
Researchers have created a human testicular tissue model to study testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) origins. The model, developed by Dr. Rod Mitchell and Professor Richard Sharpe, enables testing of environmental chemicals' impact on fetal development and may help identify treatments for disorders like Frasier or Denys-Drash syndrome.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a new image-processing algorithm that reduces perfusion CT radiation doses by up to 20 times, improving image quality and patient safety. The algorithm has been successfully tested in animal models and is being explored for clinical implementation.
Researchers discovered that specific cadherin molecules expand molecular diversity and specificity in cell-cell adhesion, shedding light on autism and mental retardation. The study's findings could lead to a better understanding of synapse formation and brain circuit assembly during normal development.
Researchers at Florida State University have developed a mathematical model to study prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland, which could lead to new treatments for disorders such as infertility. The study found that oxytocin stimulates prolactin secretion and that dopamine inhibits it.
Researchers identified a new signaling pathway between TACI and MyD88 that regulates the immune response. This interaction may cause both protective antibodies against infections and excessive immune reactions in autoimmune diseases.
A new national study found that fractures in US high school athletes resulted in significantly more time lost from competition than other injuries. Fractures also led to substantial medical costs and imposed significant restrictions on participation.
Scientists at University of Toronto have developed a new inexpensive solar cell design that uses nickel instead of gold, reducing material costs by 40-80 percent. The design employs low-cost electrical contacts, including nickel, to gather the electrical current produced by colloidal quantum dot solar cells.
Tropical Storm Colin formed after strengthening from Tropical Depression 4, with maximum sustained winds near 40 mph and no expected impact on land areas. The storm is moving west-northwest at 23 mph and is forecast to pass northeast of the Leeward Islands late Wednesday and early Thursday.
NYU researchers found that periodontal inflammation increases cognitive dysfunction risk in healthy individuals and those with Alzheimer's. The study linked gum inflammation to brain inflammation, neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease.
A team of scientists has provided the first atomic-level glimpse of the proton-driven motor from ATP synthases, enzymes central to cellular energy conversion. The study revealed a water molecule in the critical rotor element of a bacterial nano-motor that shares common features with human mitochondria and bacteria.
Researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center have identified a way to target and destroy Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells without harming healthy cells. The breakthrough allows for new possibilities in cancer research, potentially leading to less toxic and invasive treatments.
A surprising analysis by Climate Central found that July temperatures were cooler than predicted, despite being above historical averages in northeast US cities. The study also highlights the projected long-term warming trend and its potential impact on heat stress and electricity supply.
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch have developed new techniques to identify specific asthma subtypes using protein patterns in airway lining fluid. This allows for targeted medication and potentially improved treatment outcomes. The study aims to reduce trial and error in asthma diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found that some body areas are more resistant to tanning than others, with the buttock being particularly resistant. People with no freckles also tanned more easily than those with freckling.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University developed new techniques to identify drug resistance in malaria, enabling faster detection and saving lives. By using genetic assays and mathematical analysis, they can track drug immunity of the deadliest form of the disease in just days, far cheaper than traditional methods.