Researchers at UCLA found that when one brain region is damaged, another region can take over its function. The study suggests that the brain has a mechanism to adapt and compensate, potentially leading to new treatments for patients with memory impairments.
Researchers have discovered that Helicobacter pylori's CagA protein disables the tumor suppressor protein RUNX3 in host cells, leading to gastric cancer. The interaction between CagA and RUNX3 causes degradation of the protein via ubiquitination, promoting aberrant cell growth and cancer development.
Researchers at Northwestern University found a universal law for material evolution, allowing them to predict the dynamics of phase break-up in various materials. The study used 4-D synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic microscopy to observe the evolution of rod-shaped phases during the break-up process.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a microfluidic image cytometry platform that can measure cell-signaling pathways in brain tumor samples at the single-cell level. This technology marks an advance toward predictive and personalized medicine, enabling physicians to predict patient prognosis and guide treatment.
The American Chemical Society has named 192 distinguished scientists as 2010 ACS Fellows, including professionals from top institutions. The recognition honors their achievements in chemistry and contributions to the scientific community.
Research published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology defines timeframes for declaring early stage lung cancer cured. Patients with stage IA NSCLC without vascular invasion can be considered cured after five years, while those with vascular invasion require longer follow-up until at least nine years.
Researchers found purified blood stem cells outperform those with T cells in forming new blood cells and regenerating lymphoid tissues. The study challenges decades-old assumptions about the need for T cells in bone marrow transplants.
A new technique preserves periprostatic anatomy by keeping intact the pubovesical complex, achieving a higher rate of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy. The study reports a 25.7% weighted mean continence rate immediately after catheter removal.
The deep open ocean is vastly under-explored due to the long-held belief that life in this area was confined primarily to the surface and near the sea bed. New research mapped marine species records and found most knowledge comes from shallow waters or ocean floor, revealing uncounted animals living without hard surfaces.
A customized medical-image database is being developed with input from dermatologists and incorporating novel eye-tracking techniques to identify critical regions in images. The project aims to bridge the semantic gap in content-based image retrieval by leveraging end-user knowledge and expertise.
Scientists from The Field Museum and Royal Holloway University of London have discovered that high atmospheric oxygen concentrations in the past led to the evolution of new plant groups, such as conifers and flowering plants. This, in turn, may have promoted large and frequent wildfires, with implications for Earth's climate history.
Researchers found that viral infection of the heart is a predictor of heart transplant failure in young children and adolescents. The study suggests that rigorously screening transplant patients for viral DNA and RNA, and using intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, may improve organ survival.
Researchers found that blocking PD-1 improves survival in a model of severe infection by restoring the host's immune function. The study suggests new drugs to reduce severity of blood infections leading to sepsis.
Researchers found that blue whales align their pitch with a common value, enabling them to detect tiny shifts in calls. The study analyzed 4,378 recordings of blue whale songs and observed a remarkably small variation in pitch.
A simple and inexpensive demonstration of soil water retention and field capacity helps students visualize and understand these concepts. The demonstration uses PVC rings, a trashcan, and a scale, illustrating the influence of soil texture, structure, and depth to the water table on soil water content.
A pilot-dentist duo proposes adapting airline crew resource management principles to dental offices, aiming to reduce human errors and improve patient safety. By implementing standardized safety procedures and empowering team members with CRM checklists, dentists can significantly reduce complications and deaths in surgical settings.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General found that wearing red or being bordered by the color increases a man's attractiveness and sexual desirability among women. The researchers attribute this effect to the cultural association between red and high status, as well as biological roots in human behavior.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center developed an experimental vaccine that stimulates an immune response against tumor growth. In a Phase I/II study, the vaccine showed promising results in patients with advanced lung, colon, breast, and pancreatic cancers.
Researchers developed an alphavirus vector to overcome neutralizing antibodies and Tregs, inducing clinically relevant immune responses in patients with metastatic cancer. Repeated administration led to longer overall patient survival, making the approach a promising therapeutic option.
The book recounts Ellis's life, including his development of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which helps individuals create healthy ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Ellis's principles and methods have influenced many fields, including cognitive therapy, coaching, and personal development.
The Census of Marine Life has published an inventory of species distribution and diversity in 25 biologically representative regions around the world. Crustaceans comprise about one-fifth of all species found, with only two percent being vertebrates.
A comprehensive review of 546 clinical trials found industry-funded trials reporting positive outcomes 85% of the time, compared to 50% for government-funded and 72% for non-profit funded trials. The researchers call for greater transparency in study protocols to reduce bias and publication bias.
A Purdue University-led team has found a molecular compound that appears to be useful in identifying cancerous and precancerous tissue in the prostate. The compound, cholesterol sulfate, is absent in healthy prostate tissue but present in prostate cancer tumors, making it a potential marker for the disease.
A new UCLA study suggests that socioeconomic status is a major driver of cardiovascular disease risk disparities in the United States. The researchers found that lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher risk across all racial and ethnic groups.
A $2.5 million grant from NOAA will support research on invasive species in the Great Lakes, aiming to predict future invasions and develop effective control measures.
Research suggests that combat experiences can set the trajectory of a veteran's life, leading to increased rates of disability and unemployment. Alair MacLean found that combat veterans are more likely to be disabled and unemployed in their mid-20s and throughout their worklife.
The study found that spine, hip, and upper leg fractures resulted in the greatest decrease in quality of life. Nearly 40% of women over 50 will experience a fracture, with chronic pain and reduced mobility being common consequences.
A new study by Oregon State University and the University of California at Davis has found that a mixing of two types of magma is crucial to Mount Hood's eruptions, occurring weeks or months before the eruption. This behavior is distinct from other Cascade Range volcanoes, including Mount St. Helens.
Research from University of Cincinnati finds that sales turnover is the only uniform corporate indicator predicting a firm's bankruptcy in three major economies. The study also reveals that different financial factors are correlated with bankruptcy in each country, mainly due to varying financial and business structures.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that people grow more confident in their beliefs when they learn a majority of others disagree with them. The study suggests that people who have developed strong opinions may become doubly sure they are right after learning the opposing view.
The Louisiana Tumor Registry has been designated as a SEER Program cancer registry, providing high-quality cancer incidence and survival data. The registry's data is used to inform prevention, early detection, treatment, and survival strategies.
A study by UCLA researchers found that pancreatic cancer cells can metabolize fructose to generate nucleic acids, driving cell division and proliferation. The study suggests that high fructose corn syrup consumption may be linked to increased cancer risk, highlighting the need for reduced refined sugar intake.
Professor Minoru Tomozawa has developed a new technique using infrared spectroscopy to determine the fictive temperature of glass, enabling more accurate prediction of its properties. This breakthrough has significant implications for glass manufacturers and researchers alike.
The Census of Marine Life has published a historic roll call of species in 25 biologically representative regions, revealing the most diverse marine ecosystems. The study found that Australian and Japanese waters are home to over 33,000 species, with mollusks and crustaceans making up half of all known species.
A study of 1,041 Chinese teens found that pathological internet use was associated with a higher risk of developing depression. The research suggests that early intervention and prevention strategies targeting at-risk groups could reduce the burden of depression on young people.
A peptide derived from bee venom can deliver liposomes bearing drugs or diagnostic dyes to specific cells or tissues, improving the effectiveness of cancer treatment. This 'smart bomb' technology may help design personalized treatment regimens that can selectively target tumors and other diseases.
A new study from the University of Maryland School of Medicine found that a mentorship program paired healthy young adults with urban middle school students helped them adopt healthy habits, active lifestyles and a healthy weight. The program, called Challenge!, showed promise as a way to have a major impact on children's lives.
A long-term study found that biochar can reduce nitrous oxide emissions by up to 73% and ammonium leaching by up to 94%, with reductions occurring over time due to 'ageing' of the biochars in soil. The research highlights the potential of biochar as a tool to mitigate climate change.
The European Association for the Study of the Liver has released clinical practice guidelines for managing ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis. The guidelines aim to improve disease outcomes and symptoms for cirrhotic patients.
A study by the University of Illinois research team found that generational gaps in workplaces cannot be solved with broad stereotypes or age-based solutions. The researchers identified three primary factors that contribute to generational factions: significant life events, work tenure, and job duties.
A team of scientists has found that permafrost temperatures have warmed by as much as two degrees Celsius over the past 20-30 years. The expansion of the monitoring network allows for large-scale analysis and potential early warnings for policymakers on climate change impacts in permafrost regions.
A one-day workshop improved dose reduction for various adult MDCT scans, with 46% average dose decrease for brain scans. The program's success depended on access to medical physicists and technologists.
A new study found that prolonged wearing of high heels can contribute to joint degeneration and knee osteoarthritis. The researchers discovered that heel height changes walking characteristics, such as slower speeds and shorter stride lengths, and increases compression on the inside of the knee.
A study of 342 early-stage lung cancer survivors found that nearly 60% experienced long-term dyspnea, with associated risk factors including reduced physical activity and depression. Targeting post-treatment rehabilitation strategies to improve breathlessness may be effective in improving outcomes.
A recent study published in Human Molecular Genetics found that genetic variation in bitter taste receptors predicts a person's perception of quinine's bitterness. This suggests that individual differences in how people experience quinine's bitterness are related to underlying genetic differences.
A new study by Yale University researcher Hedy Kober shows that smokers can control their cravings with the help of cognitive strategies, increasing activity in the prefrontal cortex and decreasing craving-related brain activity. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be an effective tool in treating substance use disorders.
Harvard researchers have found that exercise and caloric restriction can reverse the deterioration of nerve connections in older mice, a potential explanation for their age-related benefits. The study reveals that these lifestyle factors can attenuate or even reverse the decline in synapses, which are crucial for brain function.
Research by Tracy Langkilde reveals that stress hormones increase energy mobilization in lizards, enabling them to flee from fire ants. Elevated glucocorticoid levels in affected species facilitate adaptive responses, improving survival rates and reproductive success.
Researchers found a small piece of RNA that blocks glutamine production in the colon, leading to diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain. Silencing this RNA segment may open up a new approach to treating IBS symptoms.
A study found that relatives of individuals with autism exhibit abnormal eye movements and other sensorimotor impairments, similar to those seen in individuals with autism. These abnormalities are associated with brain pathways important for language skills, motor control, and executive function.
Scientists must engage non-academic audiences and tailor their message for policymakers to inform policy decisions. Effective science communication can also educate children about environmental issues through arts-based initiatives, fostering empathy and promoting collective action.
A new study found that people whose hearts pump less blood have brains that appear older, with decreased brain volume and atrophy. This association was seen even in those without cardiovascular disease, suggesting a link between cardiac index and brain health.
Researchers have developed an advanced search tool called QPID to assist radiologists in extracting useful data from patients' electronic medical records. The system has already been implemented at Massachusetts General Hospital and is expected to have a significant impact on various departments within the hospital and outpatient clinics.
A recent study suggests that consuming meat related compounds, particularly those found in red and processed meats, may be linked to an increased risk of bladder cancer. The researchers found that individuals with the highest intake of nitrate and nitrite had a significantly higher risk of developing bladder cancer.
Researchers evaluated the long-term effects of low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets on weight loss, serum lipid concentrations, and bone mineral density. Both groups achieved significant weight loss, but the low-carb diet produced greater increases in plasma HDL cholesterol concentration.
New research from Brigham Young University finds that having a sister protects adolescents from feelings of loneliness and promotes charitable attitudes. The study also found that loving siblings foster good deeds, such as helping others, more than loving parents do.
A new study by North Carolina State University researchers suggests that the largest amphibian monitoring program in the US may have inaccuracies in its data, leading to overestimates of frog populations. The issue lies in observer error, as volunteers report hearing species they don't actually hear, which can skew population estimates.
A living aortic valve replacement leads to better survival rates (97%) compared to traditional donor valves (83%), with improved freedom from reoperation and quality of life. The Ross procedure has shown promising results, suggesting that a living valve can improve clinical outcomes in patients.
The AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting supplement features over 305 scientific research sessions, addressing common afflictions such as hearing loss, sleep disorders, and head and neck cancer. Store-and-forward telemedicine has been shown to be effective in planning elective major ear surgery.
Researchers found diminished cognitive performance in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes, as well as subtle brain abnormalities detected by MRI. The study highlights the importance of addressing obesity and inactivity to prevent cognitive deficits.