Scientists have developed a new method to directly measure body temperatures of extinct vertebrates, revolutionizing our understanding of ancient environments. The 'clumped-isotope' paleothermometer method analyzes fossilized teeth and bones to determine temperature ranges during the animals' lifetimes.
Researchers collecting mollusk specimens from the Gulf Coast will analyze growth rings in shells to determine how quickly harmful compounds from the oil become incorporated into the animals' bodies. They will also test for hydrocarbons in tissues and measure changes in growth rate and survivorship.
Researchers have found a statistically significant association between enteroviral infection and diagnosis of type-1 diabetes in children, with 83% of patients testing positive for enteroviral DNA. The study suggests that different enterovirus types may represent a significant biomarker for early-stage juvenile diabetes.
Researchers have developed a unique core and shell nanoparticle that uses far less platinum yet performs more efficiently and lasts longer than commercially available pure-platinum catalysts. The new catalyst generates 12 times more current than existing models, offering a promising advance in fuel-cell technology.
Researchers at UB and CDC develop gold nanorod delivery system for immune-boosting RNA molecule that targets influenza virus, promoting interferon production and inhibiting viral replication. The therapy has potential to treat a range of infectious diseases, including H1N1, avian flu and Ebola.
A study published in BMC Public Health found that stress caused by the 9/11 attacks led to a spike in male fetal deaths and lower birth rates for boys in December 2001. The research suggests that societal shock may affect male pregnancies, potentially due to a mechanism conserved by natural selection.
A new study suggests that everyday gratitude plays a crucial role in maintaining satisfying romantic relationships. The researchers found that when one partner expresses gratitude to the other, it strengthens their bond and fosters feelings of appreciation and connection. Conversely, indebtedness can hinder relationship maintenance.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured Bandu's remnants over inland Somalia, measuring cloud-top temperatures with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The storm dissipated due to cooler waters and higher wind shear in the Gulf of Aden, affecting cities like Garowe and Las Anod.
A new animal model demonstrates that early childhood lung infections can lead to asthma development later in life. The study found that an altered immune response in neonatal mice played a key role in the progression of asthma.
Researchers have identified a unique gene pattern in white blood cells of tolerant kidney transplant recipients, which may enable them to stop taking immunosuppressive drugs. The study found that B cell genes play a crucial role in maintaining tolerance to transplanted organs.
A study of 18 patients with H1N1 infection found increased risks of obstetrical complications, including fetal distress and premature delivery. The study suggests that early antiviral treatment may improve maternal outcomes and highlights the need for further research on the impact of H1N1 on pregnant women.
UC Riverside physicists involved in the international DZero collaboration have discovered significant violation of matter-antimatter symmetry in B-mesons decays, resulting in a 1% excess of muon pairs over antimuon pairs. This finding points to new physics phenomena that may explain the universe's dominance of matter over antimatter
Researchers from UAF and New Mexico Tech have set up a lightning-mapping array near Eyjafjallajokull to study the volcano's electrical conditions. The team has already observed unusual phenomena, such as upward-propagated lightning into the ash plume.
A large study found that frequent doctor visits can help diabetes patients lower their high blood pressure to normal levels more quickly. Patients who visited their primary care physicians at intervals of one month or less saw a faster decline in blood pressure, with an average time to reach normal levels of just 0.7 months.
Researchers at the University of Florida found that anti-aging supplement mixtures may be more effective in preventing decline in physical function than single compounds. Taking such supplements before very old age can lead to improved grip strength and mitochondrial function, suggesting a potential window for intervention.
Despite decades of research suggesting UV radiation was a major contributor to amphibian declines, new findings reveal that natural water conditions and female behavior are more significant factors in protecting embryos from harm. Amphibians exhibit adaptations such as laying eggs in shaded areas when water clarity puts them at risk.
Researchers identify two promising proteins, eIF5A and DHS, as potential targets for preventing diabetes. Blocking their actions significantly reduced the development of diabetes in mice, offering a new route for drug therapies.
Researchers have developed vaginal rings that can deliver therapeutic levels of two anti-HIV drugs for up to 30 days, while quick-dissolve films and almond-shaped tablets also show potential. These new formulations offer an alternative to daily microbicide gels and could provide a safer and more effective way to prevent HIV transmission.
Researchers identified biomarkers associated with stable kidney graft function in patients without immunosuppressants and a molecular signature indicative of future organ failure. These findings may help design personalized treatment regimens for kidney transplant recipients.
A new national study found that more than 63,000 pediatric mobility aid-related injuries were treated in US emergency departments from 1991-2008. The majority of these injuries occurred at home and varied by the type of mobility aid used.
Researchers found that folate supplementation prevented heart valve defects and restored heart function in mouse embryos exposed to alcohol. High doses of folate were necessary to protect against defects, contradicting current dietary recommendations.
A research team developed a way to study the effects of 125 mutations on 14 genes using zebrafish. They found that while mutations at one gene are responsible for the disorder, others can modify symptom severity and diversity.
Scientists confirm asteroid ended the age of dinosaurs through a review of geological evidence, including the Chicxulub crater. The research group rejects an alternate hypothesis that long-term volcanic activity caused mass extinctions.
Two teams of researchers identified biomarkers that predict excellent graft function in kidney transplant recipients who stop taking immunosuppressive drugs. A molecular signature indicative of future organ failure was also found. The signatures may help physicians design personalized treatment regimens for kidney transplant recipients.
Computer modeling reveals that planets in habitable zones can fluctuate between life-supporting conditions and inhospitable temperatures due to giant neighbor's gravitational pull. This can cause drastic changes in a planet's orbit, potentially altering its geological properties over long timescales.
A Queen's University study found that Arctic seabirds' diets can funnel toxic ocean metals to terrestrial ecosystems, affecting other organisms. The research analyzed sediment cores from two Canadian Arctic ponds and linked bird diets to specific metal contaminants.
New analysis by Oregon State University scientists suggests a high probability of a magnitude 8.2 or higher earthquake in the Cascadia Subduction Zone, with 37% chance in southern segment and 10-15% in northern segment within 50 years. This risk is exacerbated by clusters of major earthquakes occurring every 250 years.
Mycobacterium vaccae has been shown to increase serotonin levels and decrease anxiety in mice, leading to improved learning behavior. The temporary effects suggest a potential role for the bacteria in anxiety and learning in mammals.
A study published in Neurology found that brain injuries disrupt sleep regulation, resulting in lower melatonin levels and decreased sleep efficiency. The study suggests that taking supplemental melatonin may improve sleep in people with brain injuries.
USF researchers recommend delaying umbilical cord clamping to increase the transfer of stem cells, which may help prevent anemia and other health problems in newborns. The study suggests that this delay can be beneficial for pre-term infants and those born in areas with limited access to healthcare.
A new study suggests that T helper cells, previously thought to mediate autoimmunity, actually suppress the development of experimental immune encephalomyelitis in mice. The findings indicate that these cells can inhibit the growth of Th17 cells, which are believed to be responsible for causing multiple sclerosis.
A Caltech-led team has developed a new method for measuring the body temperatures of extinct vertebrates using rare isotopes in bones, teeth, and eggshells. This technique allows scientists to reconstruct ancient climates and understand how warm-bloodedness emerged in dinosaurs and other species.
A Seattle obesity study reveals that physical proximity to a supermarket is not the primary factor in determining healthy eating habits, with economic access playing a crucial role. The research found that people often shop at supermarkets over three miles away to save money, highlighting the need for more affordable and nutritious foo...
NASA's Distress Alerting Satellite System (DASS) uses mid-Earth orbit GPS to rapidly detect and locate distress signals, greatly enhancing international rescue efforts. The system overcomes current limitations by providing continuous visibility and precision location capabilities.
Researchers found a significant increase in male fetal losses following the 9/11 attacks, with fewer boys born in December 2001. The study suggests that psychological shock from the event may have threatened the lives of male fetuses across the US.
The NSF has awarded a rapid response grant to scientist David Valentine to understand how the use of dispersants impacts the degradation of oil in the Gulf of Mexico. Researchers will investigate the effects of surfactant compounds on the ability of microbes to naturally degrade hydrocarbon compounds found in crude oil.
New research highlights the risk of drug resistance if routine ARV screening is not done, particularly in people unknowingly infected. Studies suggest that incorporating regular testing and monitoring can mitigate this risk, emphasizing the importance of routine HIV testing in any prevention program using ARVs.
The city of Cannon Beach is building a 9,800-square-foot structure designed to withstand earthquakes and tsunamis, with a cost of $4 million. The structure could shelter up to 1,500 people and serve as a model for other cities affected by tsunamis.
Researchers use a virus-induced gene silencing approach to study the function of genes in plants' aging processes. They found that modifying genes involved in ethylene production can delay senescence in cut flowers and potted plants.
Researchers have discovered a distinct gene expression pattern in kidney transplant recipients who didn't reject their transplanted kidneys despite stopping immunosuppressive therapy. The finding may help identify other transplant recipients who can safely reduce or end their use of anti-rejection drugs.
A DNA-vaccine targeting DLL4 inhibits the formation of new blood vessels in tumours, leading to reduced tumour growth. The vaccine was shown to be effective in mice with breast cancer, causing a tightly packed network of non-functional blood vessels and poor blood supply.
A study published in Circulation found an association between sugary drink consumption and elevated blood pressure. Reducing sugar-sweetened beverage intake by just one serving per day was linked to a drop of 1.8 mm Hg in systolic pressure and 1.1 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure over 18 months.
Researchers can now analyze smaller concentrations of gases with improved precision using PNNL's low-noise current controller technology. This device reduces noise in laser power sources, allowing scientists to detect smaller levels of trace gases and enabling more accurate atmospheric gas concentration measurements.
Researchers found that excessive HSP10 production can preserve muscle strength and halt the aging process. The study, funded by BBSRC, suggests that artificially increasing HSP10 levels could be used as a therapeutic measure to prevent age-related muscle loss.
Researchers at Mangalore University have developed a novel method to generate silver nanoparticles using electron beam irradiation, which shows high activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including MRSA and E. coli O157.
Researchers found that children born to HIV-positive mothers with specific TLR9 gene variants are at a higher risk of acquiring the virus. The study confirms the relevance of innate immunity in perinatal HIV-1 infection and may lead to new therapeutic strategies.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine suggests that boosting interleukin-10 levels can protect against lethal E. coli K1 infection without antibiotic side effects. Researchers seek to determine its safety and efficacy in human infants infected with the bacterium.
A study published in the American Heart Association Rapid Access Journal Report found that reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption by one serving per day is associated with a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over 18 months. The researchers suggest that this reduction can lead to substantial health ben...
A team of researchers tracked a comet as it approached the sun using data from NASA's STEREO and SOHO spacecraft. The comet, believed to be part of the Kreutz family, survived the intense heat of the corona and evaporated in the chromosphere.
Research from the University of Warwick and the University of West England calls for social care home workers to be trained in basic clinical nursing skills to provide high-quality care as residents' needs increase. The report also highlights cultural barriers, such as ageism, that hinder care delivery.
Fibromyalgia diagnosis to shift from tender point test to symptom-based evaluation using widespread pain index and symptom severity scale. New criteria recognize fibromyalgia beyond body pain, focusing on fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive problems.
A Singaporean study analyzed trends and symptoms among patients during the 2009 pandemic, finding that pandemic influenza was milder than seasonal flu, with fewer cases of fever and upset stomach. The study also found that pandemic influenza affected younger individuals more often than older adults.
A study of 2,230 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) found that long-term treatment with beta-blocker medications was associated with fewer respiratory flare-ups and longer survival. The study also showed that beta-blockers may reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with COPD.
Researchers have identified eIF5A as a crucial player in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in diabetes. Blocking hypusine modification of eIF5A protected mice in a model of diabetes, suggesting potential therapeutics for preserving beta cell function.
Researchers at Harvard University have created a new method for fabricating tiny nanofibers using rotary jet spinning, which offers more control and greater yield than traditional electrospinning. The device has potential applications in biocompatible materials, air filters, artificial organs, and tissue regeneration.
A new technique developed by Dr. Jeremy Mao and his team can orchestrate stem cells to migrate to a three-dimensional scaffold infused with growth factor, holding the potential to yield an anatomically correct tooth in nine weeks once implanted. This approach avoids the need for harvested stem cell lines or creating environments outsid...
Researchers are developing a method to print active pharmaceutical ingredients onto tablets, allowing for faster production and higher quality control. This new process could enable 40% of all medicines used in tablet form to be printed, reducing production time and increasing consistency of dosage.
A study found that academic detailing increased prescribing of thiazide-type diuretics in counties with higher activity levels. The intervention led to a small increase in medication dispensing, but other factors may have blunted its impact.
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have discovered that bone marrow cells play a crucial role in fighting respiratory viruses. The study found that cells produced by the bone marrow migrate to the lungs to help fight infection and produce infection-fighting proteins.
Scientists from Scripps Research Institute have developed a novel method to produce molecular structures common to natural molecules, which could accelerate the study and identification of new drugs. The technique enables efficient production of skipped polyenes, shared by vital molecules in human health.
Researchers have discovered a new stem cell in the developing human brain that produces nerve cells forming the neocortex, the site of higher cognitive function. The study sheds light on developmental diseases such as autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease, and could lead to novel therapies.
A new study finds that adding straw residue to hairy vetch cover crops can reduce nitrogen loss into waterways. However, this method also results in reduced crop yields due to the straw's removal from the field for sale. The research suggests integrating legume cover crops with synthetic fertilizers could improve sustainability.
Researchers have found a way to tap into the properties of p53 to kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. By controlling the cell cycle and inducing endoreduplication in cancer cells, they can target tumour-specific killing while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have discovered a new action mechanism for topoisomerases, enzymes that uncoil DNA, which could lead to the development of more effective antibiotics and anticancer drugs. The discovery, led by James Berger, provides a better understanding of how these enzymes interact with DNA and drugs.
Scientists observed male topi antelopes in southwest Kenya faking alarm snorts to deceive females in heat, allowing for additional mating opportunities. The males' false alarms only occurred when females were in estrus, and the researchers found that these deceptions increased the males' chances of mating by nearly three times.
Researchers at Medical College of Georgia have identified a rare hybrid cell that can switch the immune system on or off, expressing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase to turn off T cells. This unique cell has properties of both dendritic and B cells, with potential implications for cancer and rheumatoid arthritis therapies.
A well-preserved village in China's Sanyangzhuang offers a unique glimpse into daily life in Western China during the Han Dynasty. The site features remarkable finds such as tiled roofs, brick foundations and metal tools, suggesting a relatively affluent community despite its remote location.