Scientists can now focus light to a controllable position within tissue, overcoming the challenges of scattering in biological tissues. This breakthrough technology uses an ultrasound guide star and time-reversal mirror to create high-resolution images of objects within tissue.
A study found that the standard third-trimester GBS test did not accurately predict its presence during labor, while a rapid test performed at labor showed excellent accuracy. The test's performance varied among racial groups, with Hispanic and African-American women more likely to have discordant results.
Warren K. Bickel's research focuses on the brain processes that support dysfunctional decision-making, including addiction. His work has demonstrated a novel therapeutic approach to changing the preference for immediate rewards over future health benefits.
The UCLA Neurology program played a key role in assessing stroke rehabilitation, finding that patients who received physical therapy at home improved their walking ability comparable to those treated in a clinic. Early locomotor training did not seem to matter, with all groups showing similar gains in walking speed and mobility.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon and IBM are developing an open computing system called OAQA that enables the creation of modular software architectures for question-answering tasks. The system is designed to allow direct comparison and swapping out of individual components, making it easier to build on existing success.
A new compound has shown significant effectiveness in protecting brain cells directly affected by Parkinson's disease, a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The compound, SR-3306, aims to inhibit JNK enzymes that play a key role in neuron survival.
A new study by Oregon State University researchers found that applying a naturally occurring pheromone to honey bee test colonies increased colony growth and led to healthier hives. The optimal dose of brood pheromone stimulates foragers to collect more pollen, supporting better nutrition within the colony.
A new gene test has identified GFPT1 as a crucial cause of Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS), a rare genetic condition affecting signal transmission between the brain and muscles. The test allows for earlier treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors, offering an effective therapy that can be taken through life.
A new study suggests that severely obese women may not need to gain as much weight during pregnancy as current guidelines recommend, without undesirable outcomes. In contrast, obese and non-obese women who gained less weight suffered adverse outcomes, including a higher likelihood of delivering a small-for-gestational-age baby.
Researchers reconstructed Arctic ocean conditions during Late Cretaceous greenhouse periods, finding periodicities matching modern Arctic climate influences. The findings suggest that natural modes of climate variability, such as ENSO and AO/NAO, may remain unchanged under global warming.
A study found that leptin resistance, common in diabetes, helps prevent the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI). Leptin resistance reduces the formation of inflexible tissue that develops in ALI and ARDS.
Two large studies on osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) published in the IADR/AADR Journal of Dental Research investigate risk factors and prevalence. The studies found that bisphosphonate use is strongly associated with ONJ, and patients with oral bisphosphonates are 15.5 times more likely to have ONJ.
A study by RUB researchers found that sugar residues in the extracellular matrix control the growth and survival of motoneurons, a type of nerve cell. The study, published in Journal of Neuroscience Research, reveals that certain sugar residues can promote or inhibit neurite growth and cell death.
A recent study by the University of Minnesota found that recovering from conflict well predicts higher relationship satisfaction. A romantic partner who can effectively recover from conflicts benefits their partner's relationship satisfaction.
Researchers have developed a novel technology to diagnose Alzheimer's disease from blood samples before symptoms appear, identifying two potential biomarkers with 90% accuracy. This breakthrough could lead to earlier intervention and improved outcomes for patients.
A small proportion of adult cancer patients participate in clinical trials due to low physician referrals. Medical and radiation oncologists were more likely to refer patients, as well as those in larger practices and academic appointments.
A new study by Duke University researchers has found that home-based physical therapy is an effective way to help stroke survivors regain mobility, with similar results to specialized locomotor training programs. The study, which compared home exercise with body-weight supported treadmill training, found that both approaches led to sig...
A recent study by University of California, Berkeley researchers found that blacks are more likely to initiate contact with whites in online dating than the other way around. In contrast, white daters prefer to date within their own race, with a significant disparity in reciprocation rates between black and white participants.
Damage to a specific area of the brain and decreased noradrenaline levels are linked to multiple sclerosis progression. The study found that noradrenaline plays a crucial role in preventing inflammation and preserving blood-brain barrier integrity.
A study found that female rats given folic acid supplements before conception and during pregnancy had higher rates of breast cancer, with twice as many tumours and faster-growing tumours. The researchers stress the need for more research to determine whether this applies to humans.
Researchers at Emory and Georgia Tech developed nanoparticles to detect circulating tumor cells in blood samples from 19 head and neck cancer patients, achieving a positive signal for 17 patients. The 'one-tube' SERS technology could be faster and lower in costs than other detection methods.
A study by researchers at UCLA Stroke Center found that strokes and cardiovascular disease exacted an enormous toll on Hollywood stars. The team identified 30 actors who suffered strokes and 39 heart attacks among Oscar nominees between 1927 and 2009, with women accounting for 60% of stroke victims.
Researchers create first high-resolution, three-dimensional digital model of an at-risk fossil using portable laser scanning technology, providing a baseline to measure future deterioration. The digital model duplicates a 110-million-year-old Texas dinosaur track and is shareable with others.
Wesley Brooks, a Ph.D. candidate at Rutgers University, received the AIBS Emerging Public Policy Leadership Award for his commitment to fostering dialogue between policymakers and scientists. He will receive a certificate, one-year membership, and a subscription to BioScience.
Researchers have developed a new bioluminescent probe that enables real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide levels in mice, allowing for the tracking of infectious diseases or cancerous tumors without harm. The PCL-1 probe has provided evidence that hydrogen peroxide is continuously produced even in healthy animals.
The two-year project aims to improve the durability and lifetime of mirror-augmented photovoltaic systems. Researchers will test and qualify mirrors, PV modules, and MAPV systems to ensure reliable performance.
The University Hospitals system has implemented a successful approach to stroke care, increasing the use of tPA therapy for ischemic stroke patients by 13.5 times. The System Stroke Program (SSP) educated community hospital staff and ensured timely treatment, resulting in better patient outcomes.
The Stardust-NExT mission will allow scientists to study the surface of comet Tempel 1 before and after its orbit around the sun, comparing findings with previous probe data. The spacecraft's Dust Flux Monitor Instrument will also collect photographs of a crater left on Tempe 1 by a Deep Impact probe.
The NASA National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP) climate/weather satellite is successfully completing flight environmental testing. The five-instrument suite will provide continuity of climate observations and enhance weather forecasting capabilities.
Researchers found that using non-alcohol antibacterial mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) decreases the incidence of preterm birth. The study, funded by The Procter & Gamble Company, involved pregnant women with periodontal disease who received either treatment or a control group.
The SCAST study found that candesartan did not reduce the risk of vascular death, stroke, or heart attack in patients with acute stroke and high blood pressure. In fact, it increased the risk of poor outcomes and low blood pressure-related symptoms.
A study by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and Hertie School of Governance explores the benefits and risks of cloud computing for public administration in Germany. Researchers are developing application scenarios for interoperable use of cloud-computing technologies, while also creating a Cloud Computing Test Laboratory to test security concepts.
A comprehensive review of 27 long-term studies found that children with ADHD are two to three times more likely to develop serious substance abuse problems in adolescence and adulthood. The research, published in Clinical Psychology Review, analyzed data from approximately 4,100 children with ADHD and 6,800 without the disorder.
A new class of magnetic superhalogens has been discovered, exhibiting unusual stability at a specific size and composition. These clusters can be used to create salts with magnetic and super-oxidizing properties not previously found.
Children with acute anemia are at risk of undetected brain damage due to silent strokes, which can cause poor academic performance and severe cognitive impairments. Regular monitoring and timely transfusion may help prevent permanent brain damage in these children.
Researchers found that a naturally present brain chemical signal, CX3CL1, can suppress microglial activation and reduce inflammation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. This suggests that the communication between neurons and glial cells may play a role in neurodegeneration.
Researchers found that babies born between 36 and 38 weeks with confirmed fetal pulmonary maturity still face increased risks of neonatal morbidity. Despite recommendations for testing, delivering preterm can lead to respiratory problems and other complications.
The Locomotor Experience Applied Post-stroke (LEAPS) trial found that 52% of participants experienced improved functional walking ability one year post-stroke, regardless of the type of exercise program they received. Early locomotor training and home-based programs targeting strength and balance achieved similar results.
Despite minimum recycling targets, Spanish cities struggle with paper and container waste separation. Only glass meets the 60% requirement, while plastic and metal waste are far below target. The study highlights the need for more efficient collection systems to increase recycling rates.
A team of UCR researchers will study mosquito genome sequences to identify 'transposable elements' that play a vital role in gene and genome evolution. The goal is to understand how mosquitoes adapt to their environment and potentially develop new genetic tools to control disease vectors.
Researchers found that preterm birth clinic attendance resulted in more full-term births and lower infant morbidity rates. The study showed a 28% reduction in recurrent spontaneous preterm birth risk and reductions in infant complications and short-term disabilities.
A new policy paper by NSF and NIH experts proposes a system to assess the impact of science and technology investments. The system would gather inputs, outputs, and outcomes from various sources in an open fashion.
University of Houston professors have developed a computerized modeling system to accelerate the development of new antibiotics. The system aims to identify effective dosing regimens and prioritize clinical investigations.
Researchers Peter Fox and James Hendler outline a new vision for scientific data visualization, encouraging scientists to adopt web-based approaches. They highlight the advantages of interactive and dynamic visualizations, such as those found on the web, which can facilitate collaboration, reduce costs, and increase accessibility.
Young, uninsured, or Medicare Part D participants face challenges affording medications after stroke, leading to increased risk of future strokes and cardiovascular disease. The study highlights the need for healthcare professionals to screen for cost-related barriers and improve access to affordable medications for post-stroke patients.
A set of maps created by the University of Sheffield have illustrated the pattern and speed of shrinkage of the large ice sheet that covered the British Isles during the last Ice Age. The maps use new information on glacial landforms, such as moraines and drumlins, to predict future ice losses in Greenland and Antarctica.