A team of scientists led by Yingwei Fei found that oxygen is not a major component of the Earth's liquid outer core, contradicting previous models. The discovery has significant implications for understanding the planet's formation through accretion of dust and clumps of matter.
The monarch butterfly's genome has been fully sequenced, offering insights into its long-distance migration. The study reveals genes responsible for vision, circadian clocks, and juvenile hormone synthesis, essential for extended lifespan and navigation.
A simple device that filters out airborne asthma triggers during sleep can significantly improve quality of life and reduce symptoms of atopic asthma. The study found a 14-15% difference in quality of life scores between those using the device and those with a dummy device.
Professor James Vaupel received the prestigious prize for his groundbreaking research on aging, statistics of senescence, and public health longevity. He was recognized for extending human lifespan by two additional years every decade, highlighting no looming limit to human lifespan.
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research discovered that aging yeast cells retain protein aggregates in mother cells during cell division, preventing them from passing on to daughters. This process is facilitated by the limited mobility of protein aggregates and the narrow opening of the bud neck.
A two-drug combination therapy, involving a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and rBPI21, has shown promising results in mice with radiation exposure. The treatment was effective even when administered a day after the exposure, offering hope for rapid response to public health threats.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that increased consumption of ground beef or processed meat is positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer. The research team suggests that this result is due to increased levels of carcinogens in meat prepared using high heat methods, such as grilling or barbecuing.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have successfully manipulated yeast life span by removing and restoring a protein function related to aging. By restoring this function, the organism's life span is dramatically extended. The discovery reveals molecular components of an aging pathway that appears related to one regulating longevity in humans.
Researchers have created a new electrode that uses crystalline nanoparticles of copper to store excess energy generated by wind and solar power. The electrode can survive up to 40,000 cycles before losing its charge capacity, making it a viable solution for large-scale power storage.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers found no correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased mortality. NAFLD, prevalent among those with heart disease and obesity, does not appear to undermine health and longevity.
Researchers found that male guppies' coloration has remained stable despite long periods of evolution, due to females preferring a specific orange hue. The study reveals that genetic changes counteract environmental variations in pigment ratios, maintaining the consistent color.
A randomized double-blind clinical trial found that regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yoghurt drink improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D levels were also elevated in most patients, leading to reduced cholesterol levels and insulin resistance.
Researchers at the University of Michigan are developing insect 'cyborgs' that can power sensors and communications equipment, allowing them to monitor hazardous situations before human intervention. The devices harness kinetic energy from wing movements, enabling the insects to gather vital information in confined environments.
Researchers at EPFL and University of Geneva uncover a genetic mechanism that modulates gene activity through seven enhancers, leading to diversity in finger shapes. This discovery could help understand hereditary malformations and evolutionary variations in the animal kingdom.
Research by Paul Williams found that certain risk factors, such as lower education level and high meat/low fruit diets, become stronger for those with a higher BMI, contributing to accelerated weight gain. This phenomenon may explain the recent increase in obesity rates in Western societies.
Researchers used DNA barcoding to discover several previously undiscovered butterfly species in the Yucatan peninsula, correcting four cases of mistaken identification. The study showcases the utility of this method in characterizing biodiversity.
Research suggests that dyslexic adults struggle to focus due to excessive external noise, leading to impaired reading skills. This study confirms the hypothesis that dyslexia is linked to difficulty filtering out background information.
Researchers have developed a method to diagnose coral diseases using quantitative-PCR technology, which can detect pathogens at low levels. This will help control the impact of disease on coral reefs affected by rapid coastal development, declining water quality, and climate change.
A new study by Michigan State University researchers found that metformin prevents tumors from growing in human cultures, providing biological evidence for its potential to reduce the risk of diabetes-associated cancers. The research suggests that metformin may be used as a preventive drug for individuals with Type-2 diabetes.
Researchers sequence the two-spotted spider mite's genome, revealing genes capable of detoxifying pesticides and plant toxins. This breakthrough sheds light on how these pests counteract plant defenses and provides new insights for developing targeted pesticides.
Researchers have identified six yeast-killing peptides that target Malassezia sympodialis without harming human skin cells. These peptides could provide a potential new treatment for atopic eczema, increasing patients' quality of life. Further study is needed to develop a comprehensive treatment plan.
Researchers have created an alloy that exhibits a strong magnetoresistive effect, enabling sensitive magnetic field detection and tiny actuators. The alloy's unique structure and processing techniques make it a promising next-generation material for microelectromechanical machines.
Researchers found that experienced physicians who focused on failure learning more effectively than those who relied solely on success. The study used fMRI to analyze brain activity of 35 physicians as they made decisions, revealing a clear difference in mental processes between high and low performers.
A study published in Clinical Research in Cardiology found that snow shoveling was associated with a significant proportion of heart problems among patients, particularly males with a family history of coronary artery disease. The study identified three key risk factors: gender, family history, and smoking.
A new study reveals that physical activity is linked to an improvement in diet quality, leading to more successful weight loss treatments. Exercise also modifies the brain's executive functions, enabling better control of appetite and food choices.
A study analyzing patient ratings found that most US patients are very satisfied with their physicians, with an average overall satisfaction rating of 9.28. Patients who experienced shorter waits and spent more time with their doctors had the highest scores.
Researchers at UC Berkeley found that dream sleep helps process emotional experiences, removing the edge from painful memories. During REM sleep, stress neurochemicals are suppressed, allowing the brain to connect and integrate memories in a more rational state.
Researchers are utilizing genomic data to create novel pest-control strategies, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and environmental pollution. The study focuses on the biology of the two-spotted spider mite, exploring its ability to develop pesticide resistance and potential applications in crop protection.
In a surprising finding, firefighters are more likely to be injured while exercising than during firefighting activities. This is according to research that analyzed data from 21 fire stations in Tucson, Arizona between 2004 and 2009.
The sequenced spider mite genome provides insights into its feeding frenzy, pesticide resistance, and web-making abilities. The study reveals the genetic basis for these traits, including the acquisition of bacterial genes that enhance digestion and detoxification.
A team of researchers found that doctors who learned from both successes and failures performed better in making treatment choices. They used fMRI imaging to detect characteristic brain patterns for high performers and low performers, showing a correlation between attention to failed treatments and better performance.
Wyngaard and Thompson are honored for their contributions to understanding atmospheric turbulence and ozone dynamics. They received the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal and Verner E. Suomi Award, respectively.
A 36-year-old Eritrean patient received a pioneering trachea transplant using an artificial scaffold seeded with stem cells, allowing him to live a normal life. The procedure has shown promising results and may pave the way for future treatments of airway diseases.
A team of researchers has identified a protein that facilitates the radial transport of calcium ions from the root to the shoot, resolving a long-standing mystery. This breakthrough could lead to new strategies for preventing blossom end rot and other nutrient deficiencies in crops.
Researchers at VirginiaTech have improved Robojelly's performance by introducing a flexible margin, reducing folding and increasing speed. The upgrade provides new insights into jellyfish propulsion mechanisms, enabling the robot to detect chemical spills, monitor ships and submarines, and observe fish migration.
Researchers at King's College London have discovered how paracetamol works by identifying the protein TRPA1 as a key molecule needed for its analgesic effect. This breakthrough could lead to the development of less toxic and effective pain relief medications.
Researchers found that several native fish species have incorporated the bloody red shrimp into their diet over multi-seasonal periods. The study suggests these fish are adapting to the invasive species, alleviating concerns about its impact on native populations.
A new study found that mutations in a gene called NAGPA, which affects lysosomal function, are associated with persistent stuttering. The research provides evidence that impairment in cellular recycling centers may play a role in causing some people to stutter.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have developed a boron-nitrogen-based liquid-phase storage material for hydrogen that works safely at room temperature and is air- and moisture-stable. The new material features clean, fast, and controllable hydrogen desorption without any phase change.
Researchers have discovered a way to self-assemble uniform polyhedral silver nanocrystals into densest packings and exotic superlattices, opening the door to simpler fabrication of plasmonic materials. The technique uses gravity-driven sedimentation and allows for precise control over superlattice dimensions.
A recent study published in Clinical Cancer Research found that arginine supplementation can reactivate cancer-fighting T-cells in patients with glioblastoma. This is achieved by replenishing the amino acid arginine, which is depleted due to persistent neutrophil activity. The result is an improved immune response against cancer cells.
A team of researchers performed new 3-D calculations to better understand the complex conditions driving Type Ia supernovae. The simulations provide insight into the deflagration-to-detonation transition process, which is crucial for calculating cosmic distances and understanding the evolution of the universe.
A recent study found a significant increase in hydrocarbon levels along the Galicia coast five years after the Prestige oil spill, primarily due to forest fires in 2006. The pollution surge was attributed to the badly-handled ship course and subsequent pyrogenic pollution sources.
A new study finds that using sustainably managed forests and utilizing wood for long-lived products can remove existing carbon dioxide from the air. The strategy also suggests using wood wastes for biofuels to displace fossil fuels, resulting in up to a 100% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Scientists have identified a new class of drugs that target the proteasome in a unique way, leading to potential breakthroughs in cancer medication. The newly discovered hydroxyurea structures work more specifically than existing proteasome inhibitors, reducing severe adverse side effects.
A Cedars-Sinai study reveals that a normal protein involved in blood clotting can harm healthy brain cells after an ischemic stroke. The researchers will investigate the source of this protein and its interactions with other molecules to develop new treatments for stroke patients.
Researchers at Brown University have found unusual properties in wrinkles and folds at the nanoscale, including hidden long waves and closed nanochannels. These discoveries hold promise for developing new technologies like fluid-carrying nanochannels and printable cell phones.
Researchers at Princeton University discovered that blocking small holes in a metal film enhances light transmission by up to 70%. The technique challenges common assumptions in optics and could have significant implications for ultrasensitive detectors. Further investigation is needed to apply this finding to various applications.
A new RAND Corporation study reveals a 10-fold increase in retail clinic usage between 2007 and 2009, driven by factors such as age, health status, income, and proximity. Retail clinics are found to be more effective for managing simple acute conditions like upper respiratory infections and ear infections.
Scientists have discovered that unconfined flames can spontaneously form detonations in reactive gases and astrophysical systems, providing a missing link for theoretical models of Type la supernovae. The research team used computer simulations to study the deflagration-to-detonation transition in hydrogen-air and methane-air mixtures.
A new report from Boston College and Duke University finds that girls are more devastated than boys when friends let them down. The study examined fourth- and fifth-grade children and found that girls interpreted friendship transgressions in a negative way, leading to increased anger and aggression.
Researchers at UCF have successfully grown neuromuscular junctions between human muscle and spinal cord cells using stem cells. This breakthrough is a critical step towards developing human-on-a-chip models for medical research and drug testing.
A Duke University study found that pre-teen girls are just as likely to react aggressively to a friend's betrayal as boys, but may struggle more with feelings of sadness. The research suggests that girls' friendships require a different approach than previously thought, focusing on teaching them how to cope when a friend lets them down.
Researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory and Indiana University analyzed the field's evolution, composition, and collaboration structure. The study concludes that sustainability science is both applied and basic, spanning worldwide institutions and governments. A global collaboration network emerged around 2000, defining the fie...
A new projection shows global food demand doubling by 2050, which could lead to significant environmental issues if not addressed. Increasing yield in poorer countries through adapted high-yielding technologies and efficient nitrogen fertilizers usage can help mitigate these effects.
The study investigates the mechanical characteristics of mortise-tenon joints in southern Chinese traditional timber frame buildings. Key findings include differences in joint thickness, configuration, and style between northern and southern regions.
New research reveals that Toll-like receptors play a major role in brain damage risk for newborns, contributing to conditions like cerebral palsy and epilepsy. The discovery could lead to more effective treatment strategies, such as blocking special TLRs to reduce brain damage following hypoxia.
A Concordia University study found that 25% of Canadians aged 31 to 50 exceed the safe limit of total calories derived from fats. Individuals who eat well are 20% less likely to be obese, according to the researchers.
Pitt researchers are working on a new method to produce solar cells with higher energy efficiency rates using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. The goal is to create plastic solar cells that can be used to charge devices simply by stepping into sunlight, reducing energy consumption and promoting sustainable energy.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that surgery significantly improves short- and long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure caused by bacterial endocarditis. The study showed patients who underwent surgery had a lower mortality rate compared to those treated with medical therapy alone.