A study published in CMAJ found that cancer survivors have a 2.2-fold increased risk of developing a second primary cancer of the same type as their first, while a second cancer of a different type has only a 1.1-fold increased risk. The risk varies depending on the type of cancer.
A recent study by the CARE Network found that daily inhaled steroid treatment for young children with frequent bouts of wheezing was not more effective than treating symptoms at the first signs of a respiratory tract infection. The trial showed comparable results in reducing episodes, symptom days, and quality of life.
Research led by Dr. Paul Harch found that hyperbaric oxygen therapy significantly improved function and quality of life for veterans with traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder. The treatment showed improvements in symptoms, cognitive testing, quality of life measurements, and PTSD symptoms.
A study published in Neuron reveals that upper and lower white matter fiber pathways play distinct roles in language processing. Patients with damage to the lower pathway struggle with lexical semantics but excel at constructing sentences, while those with damage to the upper pathway have difficulties with syntactic processing.
Submarine springs in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula reveal how ocean acidification may impact coral reef ecosystems. The study found that some coral species can calcify at low pH, but these are not the dominant framework builders of Caribbean reefs.
Researchers create a glycoconjugate vaccine prototype that is 100 times more effective than traditional vaccines due to its recognition of carbohydrate-specific T-cells. The breakthrough may lead to better vaccines for high-risk populations and more effective treatments for various diseases.
The US Department of Energy has announced nine winners of the 2011 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award, recognizing their significant contributions to research and development supporting the department's missions. The award winners will receive a gold medal, citation, and $20,000.
A Johns Hopkins study found that mobile clinics and home visits had minimal effects on improving disease outcomes among low-income, inner-city children with asthma. The programs showed some improvement in symptom-free days, but these benefits were short-lived and not sustained over time.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a new player in the body's defense against cancer, VCP/p97 complex. This complex plays a crucial role in regulating the recruitment of tumor suppressor protein 53BP1 to damaged DNA.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine reveals that protein BMP7 signals prostate tumor cells to enter a state of dormancy. Withdrawal of this protein restarts tumor growth, offering potential new therapies to prevent recurrence.
A new study suggests that states could save substantial amounts of money by fully funding tobacco control programs, which have a sustained impact on cigarette demand. The programs would reduce Medicaid payments, medical costs, and lost productivity, resulting in long-term savings for the states.
The VOICE trial has stopped using tenofovir gel due to its lack of effectiveness in preventing HIV. Women enrolled in the study will still participate in the daily use of Truvada, which was found to be effective.
Experts from NYU Langone's Department of Radiology will present on various topics, including genitourinary evaluations and breast MRI outcomes. The department is a leader in advanced diagnostic imaging with over 100 board-certified radiologists.
The report presents the most comprehensive scientific analysis of climate change in the Pacific region, indicating warmer temperatures, ocean acidification, and increased extreme weather events. Future projections suggest decreased droughts and tropical cyclone frequencies, but increased extreme rainfall and sea-level rise.
A team of experts used CT imaging and computer-aided machinery to create a reproduction of a 1704 Stradivarius violin. The process involved scanning the original instrument and converting images into stereolithographic files, which were then carved and assembled by hand.
A collaborative study from the International Stem Cell Initiative analyzed human pluripotent stem cells' genetic stability and found that 75% remained normal after prolonged culture. However, researchers detected genetic changes similar to those seen in human cancers, highlighting the need for detecting and eliminating abnormal cells.
A UBC study reveals that climate-driven warming and predation are causing significant losses in marine biodiversity, with mussels losing 51% of their habitat due to rising temperatures. Removing predators through exclusion cages allowed prey species to occupy hotter sites, resulting in a doubling of species richness.
A special issue of NeuroRehabilitation highlights the latest clinical advances in vestibular rehabilitation, a proven treatment for balance disorders associated with neurological disease or trauma. The integration of multiple disciplines and specialized training has improved patient outcomes.
The PomBase database provides a comprehensive resource for studying fission yeast and its relevance to human diseases. The database contains counterparts of over 300 human disease genes, enabling researchers to study mechanisms involved in cell growth and division.
A new study explores whether a polarized filter can enhance colposcopy, allowing doctors to detect early signs of cervical cancer more accurately. The approach has shown promise in reducing unnecessary biopsies and surgeries, particularly in young women where normal cell types can be difficult to distinguish.
A new study from Ohio State University challenges the persistent stereotype that men spend more time thinking about sex. The research found that young men thought about sex almost 19 times a day, while women thought about it nearly 10 times a day. Men also considered eating and sleep needs more frequently than women.
Dartmouth Computer Science Professor Hany Farid and Eric Kee propose a rating system to assess the extent of digital retouching in photos. This metric could incentivize publishers and models to reduce extreme forms of retouching, potentially mitigating adverse effects on body image and public health.
Marine life may need to relocate faster than land species due to climate warming, posing a significant conservation challenge. The rate at which marine life relocates depends on the distance it needs to travel to reach its preferred temperature conditions, with many areas having relatively little temperature variation.
The open access journal ZooKeys has seen significant growth in publications and articles since its launch in 2008, reaching over 10,000 pages and 420 articles in 2011. The journal's innovative publishing model with automated extraction and dissemination of information allows for easy distribution of valuable data on biodiversity.
The study highlights the human cost of biomass burning, with over 2 million premature deaths in 2005, and the environmental impact on deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. The research agenda proposes cleaner cooking fuels and technologies to improve access and adoption.
A study by Heather Allen and colleagues reveals that antibiotics in swine feed stimulate gene transfer among gut bacteria, increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance. The researchers found that prophages, segments of DNA encoding antibiotic resistance genes, underwent significant increases in induction when exposed to antibiotics.
Researchers have discovered the FBXO11 gene as a novel tumor suppressor in B-cells, which regulates BCL6 protein levels. Deletions or mutations of FBXO11 contribute to DLBCL's development, with reconstitution of its expression inhibiting proliferation and inducing cell death.
Experts from leading science organisations have released a blueprint for urgent action to address the global challenge of feeding the world in the face of climate change. The report recommends climate-resilient agricultural production, efficient resource use, and low-waste supply chains.
Oregon State University researchers have found compounds that offer new, cheap and promising options for solar energy, using the abundant element pyrite. The materials have most of the advantages of pyrite but none of its problems, making them a promising alternative.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered a new compound that can defeat drug-resistant bacteria by blocking their efflux pumps. The compound, called BU-005, was found to inhibit the activity of two different families of drug-efflux pumps, one associated with Gram-positive bacteria and the other with Gram-negative bacteria.
Research reveals that caregivers' daily lives are disrupted by their loved one's behaviors, leading to elevated stress levels and physical health risks. The study also found that caregiving can tax the caregiver's HPA system, contributing to cardiovascular and metabolic problems.
A study published in Journal of Adolescent Health found that nearly 40 percent of young adults who tried suicide made their first attempt in elementary or middle school. This suggests that early mental health programs may be necessary to address chronic mental health problems, which often begin during childhood and adolescence.
Researchers published a study on following patients with retrievable IVC filters to improve placement success and patient follow-up. The study supports existing guidelines developed by the Society of Interventional Radiology for safe filter placement.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a technique to accelerate chemical discoveries by performing over 1,000 reactions per day using robotics. This approach enables the rapid exploration of new chemical combinations, potentially leading to breakthroughs in pharmaceuticals and other fields.
Researchers have found that electric charge ratio and polymer concentrations control complex properties, allowing stable delivery of DNA into targeted cell nuclei. Future work focuses on forming complexes with controlled size and electric charge for efficient gene therapy.
The review found consistent patterns of reproductive dysfunction in animals exposed to atrazine, with effects observed in amphibians, fish, reptiles, and mammals. Atrazine has been shown to disrupt hormone function and sexual development, leading to feminization of male gonads in many species.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researchers developed a graphene foam sensor that detects ammonia and nitrogen dioxide at concentrations as low as 20 parts-per-million, outperforming commercial gas sensors. The new technology is flexible, rugged, and reusable, making it suitable for various industrial applications.
A Baylor University study found that an abusive boss can lead to strained marital relationships and a greater impact on families with more children. The study also found that longer partner relationships reduced the negative effects of abusive bosses.
A recent study by Columbia Business School reveals that men's natural overconfidence in their past performance contributes significantly to the lack of female representation in upper management positions. The researchers found that while both men and women exhibit similar tendencies to exaggerate their performance, men consistently rat...
Increasing physician pay to attract more doctors may lead to a shortage of services. Non-wage compensation like bonuses and relocation support can reduce the number of hours worked by physicians.
Jones and Moore's model suggests that neurons in the cortex experience beta oscillations when receiving a combination of two input signals at the right time and strength. The researchers aim to prove their hypothesis using optogenetics and expand their computational model to incorporate upstream brain regions.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that bacteria and fungi work together to aid movement and survival. Fungal spores can attach to bacteria, allowing them to travel further, while the bacteria use fungi as natural bridges to overcome obstacles.
Researchers have discovered a drug that can alter the DNA of uveal melanoma cells, rendering them less aggressive. The treatment, known as histone deacetylase inhibitors, may slow or prevent tumor growth in patients with metastatic eye cancer.
Hospital parking fees should be abolished as they create barriers to health care and distract patients from their concerns. Abolishing parking fees would validate patients' experience and support patient-centred health care.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine discovered that the protein Shc plays a vital role in forming new blood vessels through its ability to coordinate signals from growth factors and extracellular matrix. This finding highlights the importance of understanding molecular mechanisms in disease development and treatment.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that patients with autoimmune diseases are at a higher risk of developing blood clots on the lung. The research, which involved 535,000 patients, reveals that 31 out of 33 autoimmune diseases studied were associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism.
The study reveals that Cygnus X has formed a 'cocoon' of trapped cosmic rays, which were accelerated by the intense stellar winds and shockwaves. This finding provides a unique glimpse into the early life of cosmic rays, long before they diffuse into the galaxy.
Researchers from UCLA's cancer and stem cell centers have successfully engineered blood stem cells to create cancer-killing T-cells that seek out and attack human melanoma. The approach could lead to a sustained immune response, potentially protecting against cancer recurrence.
A recent study has found that nearly a third of children with sickle cell disease have suffered silent strokes, highlighting the need to identify early signs of anemia and high blood pressure. Researchers believe anemia is the key factor contributing to these risk silent strokes.
A new paper finds that emphasis on quick impact interventions has diverted resources away from the neediest patients, with the poorest people seeing little progress. The study highlights the need for medium-term and long-term strategies to achieve inclusive and equitable progress in global reproductive health.
The researchers have developed a highly efficient system to generate nucleic acid molecules, called aptamers, for next-generation disease diagnosis and testing. The Quantitative Parallel Aptamer Selection System (QPASS) aims to make devices like instant diagnosis machines ready for widespread clinical use.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that women who skipped mid-morning snacking lost more weight compared to those who snacked. Healthy snacks can aid in weight loss, but timing is crucial.
Researchers have identified a crucial part of the nervous system whose malfunction may account for an increased risk of death from heart failure. The cardiac ganglion plays a key role in regulating vagal tone reaching the heart.
Researchers have detected Schumann resonance in space using the VEFI instrument aboard the C/NOFS satellite, finding waves of extremely low frequency that can be as low as 8 Hz. This discovery provides a new tool to study Earth's weather, electric environment, and atmospheric composition from above.
A UK study published in The Lancet found that a surveillance-only policy can be effective for women with high human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations after molar pregnancies. Nearly all patients will spontaneously remit, avoiding unnecessary chemotherapy and its side effects.
Researchers found that the structure of cognitive change remains consistent across adulthood, with age-related declines varying in direction and magnitude. The study's findings advance understanding of the aging brain and may inform interventions to improve cognitive functioning.
The Kessler Foundation has received grants totaling $296,261 to study the impact of cultural factors on health-related quality of life for people with spinal cord injuries. Dr. Denise Fyffe will use the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) to examine the cultural sensitivity of PROMIS quality of life instru...
A new study found that 77% of Washington state pediatricians receive requests for alternative child immunization schedules, with 61% comfortable using them. Pediatricians cited concerns about protecting children's health while respecting parents' decisions.
Researchers have identified abnormalities in brain function of children with ADHD using fMRI, revealing disruptions in visual attention processing and impaired communication among brain regions. This finding contributes to understanding the pathology of inattention in ADHD.
Academic institutions in Sweden have rapidly adopted the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE), a peer-reviewed video journal for biomedical sciences. Researchers in Sweden are among the world's fastest adopters of new technologies and find JoVE to be particularly useful.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association finds that racial disparities in diet, exercise, and weight are more closely related to differences in socioeconomic status than nutrition knowledge. People with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be overweight, regardless of racial background.
Engineers at NC State designed a new handle that reduces ulnar deviation and minimizes the risk of dropping infant car seats. The angled design allows for better grip and lifts are easier to perform.
A low-calorie diet has been shown to improve heart function and eliminate insulin dependence in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. After four months of caloric restriction, pericardial fat decreased and E/A ratio improved, with effects persisting long-term despite weight regain.
A recent study conducted by Concordia University found that depressed individuals are twice as likely to have a heart attack compared to non-depressed individuals. The study also showed that depressed individuals take longer to recover their normal heart rate after exercise, indicating a dysfunctional stress response.
Researchers confirm detection of antimatter positron excess with assistance from Earth's magnetic field, casting doubt on dark matter explanation. The Fermi Gamma-ray Telescope's unique approach utilizes the Earth's magnetic field to separate charged particles, providing valuable insight into the universe.
The 'Pollen Under the Microscope' exhibition showcases stunning images of pollens from Australia and overseas, using cutting-edge technology to rapidly identify pollen grains. Pollen is vital for human life, agriculture, and biodiversity, and this technology aims to aid conservation and ecology by providing more accessible information.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found that creative individuals are more prone to cheating, as their talent can lead them to justify unethical behavior. This contradicts the notion that intelligence and dishonesty are unrelated.
A study by UC Davis MIND Institute researchers found that 3-year-old boys with regressive autism have larger brains than their healthy counterparts, while girls with autism do not show abnormal brain growth. Brain enlargement was consistently observed only in the subset of children diagnosed with regressive autism.
A new 'Data Paper' workflow has been pioneered by GBIF and Pensoft publishers to provide incentives for data compilers. The first-ever peer-reviewed paper derived directly from a biodiversity metadata document is published in the ZooKeys journal.
A new study suggests that eight month-old infants support negative behavior towards those who act antisocially and dislike those who are nice to bad guys. This finding provides insights into the protective mechanisms humans use to choose social alliances, rooted in self-preservation.
Two NASA engineers, Diane Elizabeth Pugel and Steven Scott, received achievement awards for their groundbreaking work on the Orion crew vehicle and thermal-protection system. Pugel's non-destructive testing approach for materials evaluation was recognized as a breakthrough in aerospace engineering.
Researchers studied hematopoietic stem cells in healthy young and elderly individuals, finding that older stem cells produce fewer lymphocytes and more myeloid cells. This bias may lead to inadequate immune responses and increased risk of blood cancers.
Researchers at Addex Pharmaceuticals have discovered a novel interaction between GLP-1 and GIP receptors, which has the potential to trigger new therapies for Type 2 diabetes. The discovery was made possible by the company's allosteric modulation platform and could lead to the development of orally available small molecule treatments.
Researchers integrated 3-D imaging techniques to better understand facial structure and contours, underlying bone, muscles, nerves, and vessels in face transplantation. This technology allows for customized procedures and real-time user interaction to assess eligibility and plan the surgery.
A study led by London's Institute of Education found that using new teaching methods and community support can significantly reduce school drop-out rates. The project cut drop-out rates by 42% in just a year, particularly among vulnerable children.
The EU-funded project ViBRANT has leveraged electronic infrastructures to accelerate biodiversity discoveries. Researchers from 17 European institutions have shared historical and newly collected data, enabling new insights into biodiversity.
The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium has begun injecting carbon dioxide for the first million-tonne demonstration of carbon sequestration in the US. The CO2 will be stored permanently in the Mt. Simon Sandstone, a saline reservoir with estimated storage capacity of 11-151 billion metric tonnes.
The study reveals that an intact DNA backbone is essential for the formation of Dewar lesions, which can lead to genetic mutations and cell death. An intact backbone keeps the molecule rigid, straining the pyrimidine ring structure and favoring the reaction that leads to stable Dewar lesions.
Nationwide study reveals that fewer than 10% of heart attack patients transferred from initial hospital to one offering angioplasty are done within the recommended 30-minute timeframe. This delay increases the risk of death, particularly for STEMI patients who require immediate artery-opening procedure.
A new study shows that comparing a new biopsy of recurrent breast cancer with the original biopsy can dictate a change in treatment. The results suggest that patients may benefit from asking their physician if a second biopsy is needed to confirm their treatment therapy.
Researchers have developed a mouse model that can correct cleft lips, opening up possibilities for prevention and treatment of the condition. The study identified key genes and signaling pathways involved in facial development, including Wnt activity.
A new study reveals that ancient global carbon, sulfur cycles, and sea-level changes drove the evolution of marine life over 500 million years. The research found a strong connection between these factors and marine biodiversity.