A study by Cornell economist Michael Lovenheim finds a strong correlation between home prices and college attendance. The housing boom led to increased college enrollment nationwide, with the effect being particularly strong among middle and lower-income families.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a method to pinpoint the amount of methane hydrates trapped under the seabed using shallow core samples. The technique, which analyzes transition zones between methane and sulfate, can aid in selecting deep drilling sites for expensive exploratory drilling.
Researchers have detected stellar oscillations in a hotter star, revealing insights into its internal structure and composition. The discovery was made possible by the Kepler space telescope and provides new information on the processes that govern stellar behavior.
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite measured powerful convective storms dropping rainfall at over 50mm/hr northwest of Maria's center. Heavy rainfall bands were detected between the storm's center and Bermuda, with winds predicted to reach minimal hurricane strength by 2:00 p.m. EDT.
Researchers at Emory and Johns Hopkins universities have quantified the data capacity of a biochemical signaling pathway for the first time, finding that it is significantly lower than expected. The study suggests that cells may use alternative methods to communicate when their primary pathways are insufficient.
A supercomputer simulation by University of Pittsburgh researcher Christopher W. Purcell suggests that the Milky Way's spiral arms were triggered by a collision with the Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy. The impact stripped off 80-90% of the dark matter halo, producing instabilities that eventually formed the spiral arms and ring structures.
A study by University of Texas Medical Branch researchers found that protein UNC-45A is linked to increased cell proliferation in breast cancer specimens and cell lines. High levels of UNC-45A also drive enhanced myosin and actin activity, leading to increased rates of cell proliferation and migration.
The University of Guam's entomologist has received $205,500 in grants from the USDA to control the coconut rhinoceros beetle population on the island. The beetle has shown high resistance to current biocontrol methods, including pheromone-baited traps and a biocontrol virus.
A study of over 400 children with ADHD found a link between regular outdoor play in green settings and milder symptoms. Children who regularly played outdoors had better impulse control and concentration than those who played indoors or in built-outdoor environments.
Astronomers detect a double sunset on the newly discovered Kepler-16b, a planet similar to Saturn in size and mass. The planet orbits two smaller, cooler stars and is estimated to be around -100°C due to its distance from its parent bodies.
A study introduces ethnicity-specific reference genome sequences to analyze whole-genome sequencing data, improving disease risk assessment. The approach was demonstrated in a four-person family and showed increased accuracy in detecting rare variants and reducing errors.
NASA's Aqua satellite revealed powerful convection in System 94W, strengthening it into Tropical Storm Sonca. Infrared data showed cloud temperatures and heights, aiding forecasters in predicting the storm's behavior.
Researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found that blocking cholesterol uptake in brain cancer cells could provide a new strategy to battle glioblastoma. The study, published in Cancer Discovery, identified the LDL receptor as a key regulator of cancer cell growth and survival.
A team from the University of Alberta has discovered 11 feather specimens trapped in amber, preserving details of ancient feathers and their pigment. The find suggests that small theropod dinosaurs were the source of these protofeathers, which shared similarities with modern bird plumage.
A new framework for evaluating human influences on wildfires is developed to inform sustainable fire management practices. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding relative influences of climate, human ignition sources, and cultural practices in particular environments.
The Arctic sea ice extent fell to 1.67 million square miles in September 2011, the second lowest recorded since satellites began measuring it in 1979. Scientists attribute this decline to rising temperatures caused by human-produced greenhouse gases, which is expected to lead to ice-free summers by around 2030 or 2040.
Scientists have found a control switch that regulates stem cell pluripotency by altering the DNA binding properties of FOXP1, facilitating maintenance of pluripotency and reprogramming adult cells. The discovery has significant implications for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and cancer research.
Researchers used a pioneering approach to speed up drug development for ependymoma, a rare tumor with few treatment options. Dozens of potential new treatments were identified, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other chemotherapy agents.
A new study published in American Journal of Physiology and Endocrinology Metabolism found that mice born to mothers on a high-fat diet before and during pregnancy have higher fat mass and smaller livers. Switching to low-fat diet reduces risk, according to researchers at Oregon Health & Science University.
Researchers have found that chronic drinking leads to reduced cortical thickness in frontal and temporal brain regions, affecting cognitive abilities and intellectual functions. The study's results indicate that alcohol damage occurs in gradations, with more severe damage associated with higher levels of consumption.
A FSU researcher suggests that video games may not boost cognition as claimed by previous studies. The researcher critiques the methodological flaws in these studies and argues that there is little solid evidence to support the benefits of video game play.
Restoring forests and planting trees on farms can greatly improve food security by providing a source of income, food, and fuel for households. In dryland areas like the Horn of Africa, forests serve as a crucial defense against poverty and provide critical sources of moisture and nutrients in the soil.
Scientists discovered a previously unknown compensatory pathway that protects the brain and organs from genetic and environmental threats. The NMD pathway is vulnerable to insults, but human cells have evolved a way to overcome attacks by sending reinforcement molecules to compensate for losses.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic discovered that medicated stents reduce heart attacks and new blockages in vessels beyond the stent. Patients receiving drug-coated stents have a lower likelihood of suffering heart attacks or developing new blockages.
Astronomers have discovered a planet that orbits around a pair of stars, providing direct evidence for the existence of circumbinary planets. The discovery was made using data from the NASA Kepler space telescope and confirms long-speculated theories about these systems.
This study found that chronic alcoholics' gait and balance can continue to recover with long-term abstinence from alcohol. However, deficits can persist, especially in eyes-closed standing balance. The results suggest that impaired brain functions appear to recover with extended abstinence.
Astronomers have found supermassive black holes in small distant galaxies, suggesting that central black holes formed early in galaxy evolution. The study used the Hubble Space Telescope to probe the universe and identifies a connection between star formation and active galactic nuclei.
The study improves computational tools for medical interpretation of genomes, enabling disease-risk prediction and personalized medication responses. The research involves a four-person family with a history of blood clotting, allowing for the identification of genetic variants associated with health risks.
A Virginia Tech researcher has developed an app called Small Craft Motion Program (SCraMP) that provides boat operators with motion analysis data, including acceleration, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw. The app aims to help captains make informed decisions about their vessel's stability and safety.
Marriages between African Americans and whites increased rapidly between 1980 and 2008, but the total number remains smaller than those between whites and other groups. The study found that education played a key role in bridging racial gaps, with highly educated blacks and whites more likely to intermarry.
A new study led by a University of Florida researcher verifies that the pet trade is the No. 1 cause of invasive amphibian and reptile introductions in Florida. The study documents 137 non-native species, with about 25% traced to one animal importer.
A study of two small group living care homes in the Netherlands found that residents felt at home, maintained their identity, and benefited from family involvement. The domestic environment and normal daily activities provided stability and clarity.
Tropical Storm Roke is showing signs of intensification with strong convection and cold cloud tops, posing a threat to Kadena Air Base. Meteorologists expect the storm to strengthen as it approaches the base, bringing tropical storm conditions from Friday to Sunday.
The study reveals that EGFR plays a crucial role in the development of KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer, blocking its progression without it. Researchers found that mice with EGF receptor deletion had blocked pancreatic cancer development.
The Office of Naval Research has developed a smartphone app called PASSION that allows deployed sailors to navigate, locate, and track people and assets on ships in real-time. This system provides low-cost, real-time situational awareness for enhanced navigation and force protection.
Researchers found that low serotonin levels weaken communication between brain regions, making it harder to control angry feelings. Healthy volunteers' brains were scanned while viewing angry faces to understand the impact of serotonin on aggression.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have identified a critical mechanism in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The 'lysine N-decarboxylation switch' process, facilitated by protein BlaR1, enables MRSA to conserve resources until it detects an antibiotic threat.
A new LAMP (Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification) test has been designed specifically for sleeping sickness diagnosis in rural African settings. The test promises to improve diagnosis accuracy and reduce the need for repeated lumbar punctures, paving the way for potential elimination of the disease.
A major shift in European fish stocks is already underway due to rapidly rising temperatures, with some species' losses being others' gains. The study found that over 72% of common fish species have changed in abundance related to warming trends, with three out of four species increasing in numbers.
Researchers have discovered how the Merkel cell carcinoma virus operates, offering a potential new approach to treating this rare and aggressive skin cancer. The study found that the virus can cause abnormal cell growth even after removing key interaction sites with heat-shock proteins.
Infants use 'statistical learning' to predict future events and find boundaries between movements. This skill is crucial for learning words, and researchers believe it begins as early as 7-9 months old.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab create high-voltage photovoltaic effects in ferroelectric materials using an electronic bucket brigade. The study reveals a simple, periodic domain structure that enables efficient charge transport and increased voltage output.
A new class of stem cell-like radial glial cells has been identified in the spinal cord, which may offer a fresh avenue for therapies to treat spinal cord injury and disease. These cells were discovered using the Allen Spinal Cord Atlas and display a unique progenitor phenotype.
Arctic ground squirrels have adapted to store high levels of anabolic steroids in their muscles, allowing them to burn protein and maintain vital functions during hibernation. This unique mechanism could hold the key to understanding how to mitigate negative effects of testosterone on human health.
Researchers at University of Washington discovered that salmon and other fish predators maintain huge gut capacity to capitalize on unpredictable pulses of food. This 'no guts, no glory' survival tactic allows them to survive despite regular periods of famine.
A new study suggests that equations estimating kidney function can work as well as direct measurements, allowing patients with chronic kidney disease to avoid painful and invasive procedures. The study found that kidney function estimates linked as tightly to complications as direct measurements, refuting the conventional view that dir...
Scientists at LMU Munich developed a mathematical model that accurately mimics human sound recognition, showing the brain compares stored and perceived sounds efficiently. The new library-based model predicts the flow of information from cerebrum to thalamus, enabling highly efficient real-time implementation.
Scientists sequenced genomes of 17 common lab mouse strains to advance genetic studies of human diseases. The study revealed striking variations in strain relationships across the genome, highlighting the importance of genomic information for comparing species.
A new study published in Immunity sheds light on the complex mechanisms underlying immune tolerance and regulatory T cells. Researchers discovered that GATA-3 controls Foxp3 expression, revealing a crucial role for this transcription factor in regulating Treg function and immune response.
Researchers found diamonds from the lower mantle contain compositions consistent with oceanic crust, suggesting slabs of oceanic crust sank into the lower mantle and cycled back up. The discovery provides direct evidence for the Earth's carbon cycle extending to great depths.
A recent analysis of over 1.5 million births found that hospital delivery significantly reduces neonatal mortality, with babies born in hospitals two to three times less likely to die than those born at home. However, improvements are needed in rural areas where high-quality care is often lacking.
Researchers at University of British Columbia have discovered radial glial cells in the spinal cord that can function as stem cells and regenerate portions of the central nervous system. These cells share unique genes with other neural stem cells and could be targeted for potential gene therapy treatments.
Researchers created a new mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that replicates both symptoms and treatment timing in humans. The model points to new treatments, including blocking serotonin receptors or using an activator, which may be more specific and work faster than current therapies.
A study by USC researchers suggests that high dietary intake of calcium causes prostate cancer among African-American men genetically good at absorbing the mineral. Men with poor calcium absorption were less likely to develop advanced prostate cancer.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have created a new technology that detects bacterial infections in wounds using ultra-violet light. The polymers, attached to antibiotics, bind to bacteria and fluoresce, alerting clinicians to the severity of infection and guiding antibiotic treatment.
A study led by the University of South Florida found that decreasing expression of protein FKBP51 in old mice made them resistant to depressive-like behavior, improving their hormonal response to stress. The lack of this protein did not adversely affect their memory or basic motor functions.
Researchers successfully expanded hematopoietic stem cells a hundredfold by understanding the molecular mechanisms of self-renewal. The study reveals that proliferation, suppression of differentiation and programmed cell death are required for self-renewal.
Marriages between black and white populations have continued to increase, outpacing unions between whites and other ethnic groups. The study reveals that highly educated blacks and whites are more likely to intermarry, indicating a blurring of racial boundaries.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that approximately two-thirds of patients with hepatitis C can be cured in six months, rather than the standard 48-week treatment. The study showed that response-guided therapy is a successful strategy for individualizing treatment based on patient responses.
By 2030, urbanized land worldwide will grow by 590,000 square miles, posing threats on environmental and economic levels. Cities tend to have better access to healthcare, water, and sanitation facilities, driving innovation and business opportunities.
NGOs call on UN to address conflicts between public health interests and corporate profits from unhealthy products, contributing to 60% of all NCD deaths. The Conflict of Interest Declaration demands a code of conduct for interacting with the food and beverage industry.
Researchers found that glioblastoma cells need large amounts of cholesterol to grow and survive. Cholesterol-manipulating drugs could potentially lead to significant tumor cell death if this laboratory work is confirmed in larger studies.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a nanotechnology sensor that can detect lung cancer in blood plasma with high sensitivity and selectivity. This technology could provide an earlier warning signal, potentially saving lives. The sensor detects changes in a specific microRNA molecule associated with lung cancer.
Researchers at UCLA found that estrogen treatment can reverse the progression of pulmonary hypertension to heart failure and restore lung and ventricle structure and function. The study suggests that even short-term estrogen therapy may suffice to reverse the disease, offering new potential therapeutic applications for human patients.
Researchers successfully synthesized a large DNA molecule and applied a method to scramble its genetic code, yielding insights into DNA structure and trait expression. The achievement represents a significant step towards synthesizing entire eukaryote genomes.
Researchers found evidence of oceanic crust in ultra-deep diamonds, suggesting it can be transported from the lower to upper mantle via large-scale upwelling. The discovery provides new insights into the Earth's mantle recycling process.
The average installed cost of residential and commercial PV systems fell by 17% and 11%, respectively, between 2009 and 2010. Non-module costs also decreased, with a 18% drop from 2009 to 2010. Large utility-scale PV projects showed even lower costs, ranging from $3.80/W to $4.40/W.
The Gerontological Society of America is releasing two new publications to improve pain relief and medication for seniors. These resources address shortfalls in pain assessment and treatment, as well as labeling changes for acetaminophen, to provide better care and quality of life for older adults.
Researchers at Imperial College London and the University of Oxford used 'optical' laser tweezers and a super-resolution microscope to observe the inner workings of white blood cells, including Natural Killer cells. The study provides new insights into how these cells deliver deadly enzyme-filled granules to kill diseased tissue.
Bertil Fredholm received the 2011 ECNP Neuropsychopharmacology Award for his groundbreaking research on brain adenosine. His work has led to a better understanding of CNS mechanisms in health and disease, with potential applications in treating conditions such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain.
Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute discovered that plants create a water reserve around their roots, which helps them survive short periods of drought. The water reserve is found within a few millimeters from the roots and contains about 30% more water than the rest of the soil.
The study of 17 mouse strains reveals a range of genetic variation, with over 700 biological traits affected by mutations. The findings advance understanding of human disease and evolution, providing a critical resource for researchers.
Researchers discovered that glioblastoma cells depend on large amounts of cholesterol for growth and survival, and that pharmacologically depriving them of cholesterol leads to death. This new strategy may lead to significantly more effective treatments for patients with this lethal form of brain cancer.
The new policy aims to prevent conflicts of interest among companies competing for business with the Office of Naval Research. It covers three categories: impaired objectivity, biased ground rules, and unequal access to non-public information, requiring companies to identify and resolve potential conflicts.
A new study reveals that endothelial cells release cytokines in response to flu infection, rather than virus-infected cells. This finding opens the door for a new type of flu therapy targeting these immune responses.
A team of researchers at Baylor College of Medicine identified a sudden chromosomal catastrophe that occurs early in development, leading to developmental delay and cognitive disorders. The study found that this catastrophe shares similarities with massive genomic rearrangements in cancer.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new power management approach called E-MiLi, which can reduce energy consumption by up to 44% in real-world wireless networks. The technology works by slowing down the WiFi card's clock and detecting incoming messages using a new firmware modification.
Researchers discovered that genes interact with each other in complex pathways, which can help breast cancer progress. Targeting multiple pathways may lead to more effective combination therapies against the disease. A diuretic used to treat hypertension also showed promise in stopping cancer cell progression.
Researchers have found evidence of the carbon cycle extending to the lower mantle, where it is believed to originate from ocean crust. The discovery was made in 'superdeep' diamonds from Brazil that contain inclusions with chemical compositions indicative of deep-sea environments.
Recent PET-measurements show that mobile phone signals suppress glucose metabolism in specific brain areas. The study, conducted on 13 young males, reveals a methodologically unique approach combining brain imaging, radiation measurements, and modeling.
A new report from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine calls for policies to prepare individuals and society for earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer's. Safeguards are needed to protect those at high risk or with a pre-clinical diagnosis, including laws and policies to prevent stigma and discrimination.
Researchers discover that a dwarf galaxy may have created the Milky Way's spiral arms through a collision with our galaxy. Astronomer Curtis Struck cautions that these collisions can have significant effects on galaxy growth and evolution.
The study reveals that methylation changes in humans and chimps have co-evolved over 6 million years, driving changes in DNA sequences and characteristics. This finding challenges the conventional understanding of how methylation affects gene expression.
A new study establishes a link between alcohol metabolism and DNA damage that may be related to breast and liver cancers. Acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol, was found to cause DNA damage and trigger a response in human cells.
Researchers found that memory complaints in older adults are associated with poorer cognitive functioning. The study suggests clinicians should differentiate between types of memory complaints to identify those related to normal aging versus potential cognitive decline.
Researchers found that Wikipedia's cancer information is accurate and comparable in depth to peer-reviewed sites like PDQ, but less readable due to complex language and hyperlinks. In contrast, PDQ is written in simpler English and offers more patient-friendly explanations.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have identified a molecular pathway that may play a key role in the evolution of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. The 'BCL2 antagonist of cell death' (BAD) pathway shows promise as a biomarker to identify patients with high-risk ovarian cancer and potentially reverse chemo-resistance.
The 24th ECNP Congress presented landmark studies on the burden of mental disorders in Europe, early intervention in schizophrenia, and sex differences in mental disorders. The event emphasized the need for increased funding and better treatment allocation to address these challenges.
Researchers found that low concentrations of carbon nanoparticles can cause leakage in the cellular lining of the renal nephron, leading to potential harm. The study highlights the need for further research into the effects of CNPs on human health and the environment.
Researchers have discovered that the vaccinia virus construct GLV-1h153 can be used to image and treat pancreatic cancer. The study found that hNIS-mediated radiouptake noninvasively imaged with PET provided information into tumor therapeutic response.
A review of 31 studies found that people born after World War II are more likely to binge drink and develop alcohol use disorders. The gender gap in alcohol problems is narrowing in many countries, highlighting the need for specific public health prevention and intervention efforts.
Research by Dr Jane Pilcher at the University of Leicester found that brands and logos are highly important to some children, shaped by family culture and peer influences. However, Dr Pilcher emphasizes that childhood remains distinct from adolescence, with parents exerting control over their children's consumption.
Researchers are developing a blood test that can identify concussions in athletes by measuring biomarkers such as S100B. The test aims to provide faster and more efficient diagnosis of concussions, which are the leading cause of brain damage in sports.
Researchers identified a specific receptor-based mechanism that triggers cytokine storms, leading to severe lung damage and organ failure. The discovery opens new possibilities for treating this condition with targeted therapies.
A recent study found that people who drink heavily are more likely to die in house fires due to increased risk from smoking and impaired escape ability. The researchers suggest that having someone sober in the home, smoke detectors in bedrooms, or using fire-safe cigarettes could help prevent such deaths.
Researchers studying seaweed-eating fish and coral reef health may develop new methods to manage seaweed growth. The study aims to determine which mix of fish can control the most damaging seaweeds and protect corals.
A new study reveals that warming seas are changing the composition of fish communities in the northeast Atlantic, with southerly species dominating and colder species declining. The analysis of data from over a million fish across 28 years shows a significant increase in warm-water species and a decrease in cold-adapted species.