A comprehensive register of marine species reveals approximately 226,000 identified species and up to 65,000 awaiting description. This comprehensive inventory provides a foundation for conservation efforts and estimates of extinction rates.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania Medicine are developing an educational program to educate residents, policy-makers, and scientists about the long-term social, economic, and health effects of hazardous industrial sites. The program aims to help communities like West and South Ambler recover from asbestos exposure.
A study by RAND Corporation found that frequent alcohol testing with swift sanctions reduced repeat DUI arrests by 12% and domestic violence arrests by 9%. The 24/7 Sobriety Project, which requires twice-a-day breathalyzer tests or continuous monitoring bracelets, has been adopted in South Dakota's counties.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University have improved the dating of early human settlement in the Polynesian triangle by applying uranium/thorium dating to coral artifacts. The study estimates that the first boats arrived between 880 and 896 BC, narrowing the previous timeline from 178 years to just 16 years.
A new study reveals that even low levels of preformed donor-specific antibodies can nearly double the risk of antibody-mediated rejection and increase kidney failure by 76%. This finding could help clinicians provide better donor-recipient matches and tailor immunosuppressive therapy.
Researchers from China have devised a universal method using just an optical microscope to measure graphene and other two-dimensional materials' thickness. The technique exploits the reflected light's red, green, and blue components, increasing contrast with sample thickness.
MIT researchers have created a new type of injectable gel that can withstand mechanical stress and remain durable over time. The gel, made with protein hydrogels, forms a reinforcing network when heated to body temperature, making it more suitable for long-term drug release and tissue engineering applications.
The University of Michigan and Michigan State University have awarded six grants to organizations across the region for projects that will help decision-makers adapt to climate change and variability in the Great Lakes basin. The grants aim to identify vulnerabilities, strengths, and knowledge related to climate change, and provide rel...
A study published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology found that denosumab was associated with significantly improved overall median survival in lung cancer patients, including those with non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer. The treatment also showed improved survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma.
A new study reveals that heat can travel like waves, not particles, through superlattices, allowing for precise control over heat flow. This discovery opens the possibility of creating materials with tailored thermal properties for thermoelectric devices and improved cooling of electronic chips.
A new partnership aims to broaden participation in computer science programs and enhance teacher training nationwide. The Expanding Computing Education Pathways Alliance seeks to replicate successful state-level initiatives, growing the pipeline of students in US computer science programs.
A study suggests that limiting non-medically indicated caesareans and induced labor can reduce preterm births in high-income countries. Implementing evidence-based interventions could avert around 58,000 preterm births annually, saving $3 billion in economic costs.
A Baylor University sociologist found that blending family commitment with strong religion can dampen civic participation. The study, published in Social Science Research, analyzed data from the National Survey of Families and Households, suggesting that familistic individuals may have limited time and energy for secular organizations.
Experts claim that lowering preterm birth rates by an average of 5 percent across 39 high-resource countries can prevent prematurity for 58,000 babies a year. Combining five proven interventions can lower the preterm rate and save about $3 billion in health costs.
A CU-led effort is transplanting biological soil crusts onto damaged military lands in the American West. The goal is to decrease erosion and increase water retention and soil fertility in these areas. The research team will evaluate the effectiveness of such soil inoculations and determine the optimal dosage for field test sites.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have identified a genetic link between pre-eclampsia and a variant of the AGT2R gene. Women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy are more likely to carry this variant, which increases their risk of developing the condition.
A class of small RNA molecules called pachytene piwi-interacting RNAs plays a critical role in allowing sperm to develop normally. Defects in these molecules or their interactions may be responsible for some cases of male infertility, according to new research by Penn Vet researchers.
Researchers are using bioprinting to grow cells in 3D scaffolds that can be used to regenerate tissue, with the potential to treat diseases such as cavity wounds. However, limitations include cell survival rates and guaranteeing consistent quality.
A study by University of Illinois researchers found that cellphone bans in urban areas are associated with a relative decrease in accident rates after seven years. However, in very rural areas, cellphone bans were linked to higher accident rates than expected. The findings suggest that blanket bans may not be beneficial for all areas.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have developed artificial muscles made from carbon nanotubes infused with paraffin wax. These yarns can lift heavy loads and generate high mechanical power, making them suitable for robots, micromotors, and intelligent textiles.
The Hinode spacecraft observed two solar eclipses in 2012 and 2013, capturing distinct views of total and partial eclipses. The mission provided valuable insights into the Sun's surface magnetism, shedding light on sunspot activity.
Low levels of omega-3 during pregnancy may trigger depressive episodes. Increasing fish consumption could help bring maternal omega-3 levels up to recommended levels, potentially reducing the risk of postpartum depression.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a molecular compound called CLR01 that breaks up toxic protein aggregations in a mouse model, clearing amyloid-beta and tau aggregates and protecting neurons' synapses. The compound has shown high safety and efficacy in treating Alzheimer's disease.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Iowa found that fraternity and sorority members tend to be more conservative than their unaffiliated peers. The study, which analyzed data from over 2,000 students at 17 institutions, also discovered that Greeks remained more conservative over time, while their peers became more liberal.
The University of British Columbia is partnering with seven top North American universities to study improved teaching techniques in science classrooms. The Bay View Alliance aims to identify and evaluate ways for university leaders to inspire cultural change and enhance teaching and learning.
Researchers identified stone-tipped spear points at the South African site of Kathu Pan 1, dating back 500,000 years. This finding suggests that humans were using such technology 200,000 years earlier than previously thought, shedding new light on early human adaptations and capacities.
A new study found that baby boomers' interest in health issues peaks in the early 50s and again near age 65. Health professionals are encouraged to target this generation with health messages at these times, as they are most receptive to hearing them.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have discovered how MSCs traffic from circulation to damaged tissues, revealing a rate-limiting step that may explain their inefficiency in entering inflamed areas. The findings suggest enhancing MSC homing could improve delivery and therapeutic efficacy.
A new study published by the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia found that school principals' level of enthusiasm and support plays a critical role in teachers' ability to successfully implement school programs. Without principal support, teachers view administrators as a hindrance to program success, while enthusi...
Researchers found that about one-quarter of placebo response was explained by personality traits such as resiliency, straightforwardness, altruism or anger/hostility. The study involved nearly 50 healthy volunteers and used brain scans to measure natural painkiller chemicals in the brain.
Scientists tracked the movements of 55 male robber crabs on Christmas Island for over three months, recording more than 1,500 days of activity. The data showed that the crabs used a combination of path following and homing to navigate, with long-distance movements possibly related to mating, foraging, and saltwater drinking.
A multipurpose medical catheter using stretchable electronics replaces three devices in cardiac ablation therapy, making the procedure faster, simpler, and safer. The device provides real-time information on temperature, mechanical force, and blood flow to surgeons during surgery.
A new study found that using electronic health records (EHRs) can identify patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease and encourage them to receive cholesterol-lowering medication. The study showed that patients who received personalized risk assessments via mail were twice as likely to receive a prescription for lipid-lowering m...
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have found that injecting synthetic, misfolded α-Syn protein into healthy mice recapitulates Parkinson's disease progression, leading to dopamine neuron death and Lewy body formation. The study establishes a mechanistic link between α-Syn transmission and neurodegeneration.
A study found reformulated ER oxycodone has significantly lower abuse rates through non-oral routes of administration. Data from 140,496 individuals assessed for substance abuse treatment showed a 20-month reduction in abuse rates.
Researchers have mapped the domestic pig's genome, uncovering genetic traits that could improve animal health and share similarities with human physiology. The sequenced genome includes genes associated with disease resistance, immune mechanisms, and protein abnormalities linked to various human diseases.
Graphene crystals offer unprecedented stiffness, electrical and thermal properties due to their two-dimensional atomic structure. Researchers are now able to study the bonding characteristics of individual impurities in graphene, enabling them to optimize materials for specific applications.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that the location of rhomboid proteases within membranes enables them to recognize and cut unstable proteins. This discovery has profound implications for understanding diseases like Alzheimer's and developing treatments.
Scientists discovered a species of South American bush cricket has hearing that rivals human hearing, using an entirely different machinery. The insect's auditory system performs all three stages of mammalian hearing and converts air-borne sounds into liquid-borne vibrations.
A new study published in Age & Aging found that an increase of about one glass of milk a day as a child was linked to improved physical ability and balance in older age. Childhood calcium, protein, and milk intake were associated with advantages in mobility later in life.
Researchers have found that treating corn stover with white rot fungus can extract up to 30% more sugar from leaves and 50% more from stalks and cobs. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient ethanol production and reduce the need for corn-based supplies.
Researchers at the University of Oregon successfully transferred an optical signal between two colors using a mechanical oscillator. This breakthrough could pave the way for building and connecting quantum computers, where photons carry information.
Researchers have successfully genotyped 344 NSCLC specimens with a median turnaround time of 31 days, enabling targeted therapy. This study's findings highlight the potential for large-scale genomic testing to transform lung cancer treatment.
A new study suggests that increasing Hsp70 expression may help reduce excessive reactive oxygen species production, a key contributor to cardiovascular disease. Researchers found that Hsp90 inhibitors can increase Hsp70 levels, leading to decreased oxidative stress and improved blood vessel function.
Researchers discovered a new bacterium in an Indiana man's infected wound, revealing how insects domesticate bacteria. The strain, HS, has a relatively large genetic blueprint and is closely related to Sodalis-like bacteria that live in many insect species.
Lab research reveals airborne particles form a protective vessel for pollutant transport, with pollutants trapped inside lasting longer. The symbiotic relationship between pollutants and airborne particles explains how city pollution reaches the Arctic.
Researchers at Baylor University discovered that low temperatures can prevent hypoxia-induced damage to islet cells, improving insulin secretion. In a second study, neural cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells showed altered oxygen metabolism associated with schizophrenia, offering potential targets for treatment.
Researchers at Clemson's Social Media Listening Center are developing techniques to analyze the implications of social media for national elections. They have created a prototype visualization tool that captures social media posts related to selected races in the 2012 Congressional election.
By using high-powered X-ray laser, researchers stripped a record 36 electrons from a xenon atom, achieving a previously unachievable positively charged state. This breakthrough will help create new states of matter and produce higher-quality images of nano-world objects.
Researchers show tRNA synthetases, essential in protein production, can also regulate transcription through a single chemical alteration, with implications for immune response and cancer. This transformation may lead to new treatments for allergies and cancer.
Researchers scanned the brains of 12 freestyle rap artists to study their brain activity during improvisation. The findings show that freestyling increases brain activity in areas responsible for motivation, language, and emotion, allowing for a unique flow of thoughts and words.
A team of immunologists found that the flu virus alters host immune systems, compromising its capacity to effectively fight off bacterial infections. The molecule TLR7 recognizes viral genomes and signals scavenger cells to ingest fewer bacteria, leading to increased risk of superinfections.
Researchers discovered that up to ten percent of the active genes of bdelloid rotifers, a species that has survived 80 million years without sex, are foreign. These acquired genes play a crucial role in the organism's ability to survive desiccation.
Himalayan glaciers in Bhutan are projected to shrink by 10% within a few decades despite stable temperatures. Glacial meltwater could drop by 30%, increasing the risk of flooding in neighboring villages.
Researchers at George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences discover a new regulator of the blood coagulation cascade, p21-activated Kinase-1 (PAK1) signaling. The study finds that PAK1 regulates both positive and negative regulators of coagulation, promoting a hypercoagulant state.
A new UTMB study reveals that high school and college students who play video games regularly outperform medical residents in surgical simulations. The study suggests that these skills may be transferable to real-world robotic surgeries, requiring a reevaluation of surgical training methods.
Researchers found that local ablative therapy and continuation of targeted drugs can prolong disease control by up to 6.2 months in patients with EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangements. The study's findings suggest a new approach to treating NSCLC after progression, particularly for patients with oligoprogressive disease.
A new study suggests that up to one million marine species may inhabit the world's oceans. The current number of identified species is around 230,000, but estimates vary widely, ranging from 540,000 to 972,000. Despite this uncertainty, researchers agree that only about 1/3 of ocean biodiversity has been discovered.
Researchers discovered uncommon features in Einstein's brain, which could explain his exceptional visuospatial and mathematical skills. The study found unusual characteristics in the prefrontal, somatosensory, and motor cortices.
A new study reveals that individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome may have an impaired autonomic nervous system, leading to abnormal heart rate variability after meals. The findings suggest potential alternative treatments for the condition, which is characterized by insatiable appetite and high cardiovascular risk.