The human brain's unique cognitive capacity is attributed to a specific protein domain, DUF1220, which has more copies in humans than other species. The protein's dosage is linked to brain size, with higher numbers associated with macrocephaly and lower numbers with microcephaly.
Astronomers using Hubble data observe two massive star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud that may be in early stages of merger. The discovery sheds light on the origin of large star clusters and helps scientists understand galaxy formation.
Research reveals long-term consequences of chronic CMV infection on the immune system, including weakened responses to other viruses and increased susceptibility to infections. The study shows that prolonged CMV presence contributes to immune ageing, making older individuals more prone to infectious diseases.
A phase III clinical trial shows Enzalutamide extends life by five months, with significant survival benefits and reduced side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. The study also reveals improved measures including PSA blood levels and progression-free survival.
New CDC guidelines recommend universal HCV screening for all Americans born between 1945 and 1965, with strong evidence supporting the association between sustained virologic response and reduced liver cancer risk. Brief alcohol screening and intervention are also recommended for those diagnosed with HCV.
Researchers at UT Dallas have identified a material called mullite that can reduce pollution produced by diesel engines by up to 45% compared to platinum catalysts. The discovery opens new possibilities for creating renewable, clean energy technology without relying on precious metals.
Professors Ian Tannock and Jean Yves Blay will receive the 2012 ESMO Awards for their contributions to medical oncology. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) is recognized with the ESMO Lifetime Achievement Award.
A Rhode Island Hospital researcher found that electronic prescription drug monitoring programs (PMPs) may influence medical care and detect opioid abuse. PMP users were more likely to refer patients to treatment and monitor them with urine screens.
A new study found that VLBW infants fed more than 75% human milk grew slower than those fed less than 75%. Fortifying human milk with protein and calories can help improve growth rates. The research suggests that a balanced approach is necessary to provide the benefits of human milk without sacrificing growth.
A recent study published in Carcinogenesis found that cooking red meats at high temperatures, especially pan-frying, increases the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Men who consumed more than two servings of red meat cooked at high temperatures were 40% more likely to develop advanced prostate cancer.
Computer simulations shed light on the dynamic structure of the LSD1/CoREST protein complex, a major target for therapies. The study reveals that binding to histone H3 triggers significant changes in shape, which may help develop epigenetic drugs that reprogram cancer cells.
Researchers found that B cells from patients with chronic GVHD are more active and resistant to programmed cell death. The study identifies BAFF as a promising target for developing new therapies, such as anti-BAFF agents or small molecule inhibitors.
Researchers discovered a key interaction between skin cells and gamma delta T cells, revealing a molecular trigger for wound healing. The CD100 receptor plays a crucial role in signaling the activation of these immune cells, which then stimulate new epithelial cell production to repair damaged tissues.
Scientists have developed a molecular spin-transistor that can read out the quantum state of an atom, paving the way for more stable and controlled quantum computing. The device, which uses electrodes to detect changes in the atomic spin, can maintain stability for up to 20 seconds.
Scientists used fossil pollen to augment historical records of ancient Egyptian droughts and fires, including a massive 4,200-year-old drought that contributed to the demise of Egypt's Old Kingdom. The study provides insights into the evolution of societies tied to climate variability.
Scientists have identified a link between E. coli bacteria and colon cancer, with approximately two-thirds of patients with colon cancer carrying specific strains of the bacteria. The bacteria carry pks genes that produce a toxin that damages DNA in the gut lining, promoting cancer development.
Researchers at George Mason University discovered that curcumin from turmeric can stop the Rift Valley Fever virus from multiplying in infected cells. The study suggests that curcumin-based pharmaceuticals could be used to treat devastating viruses like HIV.
The Maryland-Delaware Climate Change Education, Assessment, and Research (MADE CLEAR) partnership aims to deliver effective climate change education as a national model. The initiative connects scientists, educators, and policymakers to promote critical thinking and scientific objectivity in the classroom.
Poxviruses evolve to adapt against host defenses by expanding their genome and overcoming immune mechanisms, providing a potent means of adaptation. This discovery offers insights into infectious-disease transmission between animals and humans and has implications for developing better antiviral strategies.
The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation has awarded $11.9 million in NARSAD grants to support innovative brain and behavior research related to mental illnesses such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The grants aim to advance treatments and therapies for these conditions.
Researchers suggest that the Tibetan Plateau's growth of high topography began around 30 million years ago, contrary to previously held beliefs. This new finding was made possible by analyzing samples from the eastern edge of the plateau using various geological methods.
A new study published in the journal Stroke found that black stroke survivors had higher blood pressure a year after their initial stroke. High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for having another stroke, and controlling it can cut the risk in half.
Researchers have created a system inspired by nature that allows soft robots to change their appearance, including camouflage against backgrounds or displaying bold colors. This technology could be used in various applications such as search and rescue operations, medical surgeries, and even signaling robots' position.
Scientists have identified biomarkers that predict rapid onset of liver damage in hepatitis C patients after a liver transplant. These markers appear soon after the transplant and before clinical evidence of liver damage, offering new hope for personalized monitoring and treatment options.
A recent analysis of avian feather lice reveals that their ancestors first colonized a particular group of birds and then radiated to different habitats, evolving into distinct species. The study found striking similarities in the adaptations of lice living in specific habitats on birds, which are attributed to convergent evolution.
Researchers have discovered a compound that reversibly infertile men without affecting their sex drive, using the small molecule to target fertility proteins. The new form of birth control works by reducing sperm count and motility, making it an effective and novel strategy for male contraception.
The NYBG has developed a streamlined method for evaluating the conservation status of large numbers of plant species using Geographic Information Systems technology. This approach identifies which plant species are widespread in a region and those with restricted ranges, making them more susceptible to extinction.
Researchers identify ventromedial prefrontal cortex as key area controlling belief and doubt, explaining why elderly are more prone to scams. Damage to this region, particularly after age 60, can lead to increased credulity and decreased ability to distinguish misleading information.
Researchers used MRI to scan brains of 885 people and identified 231 biomarkers that capture age differences well, surpassing previous biological measures. The findings suggest a 'developmental clock' in the brain, tightly controlling certain anatomical aspects of development.
A study finds that citizens do a better job of picking threatened species than the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Citizen-initiated listings are more likely to pose conflicts with development, but those species are also significantly more threatened on average.
Researchers found that immune cells called dendritic cells protect against multiple sclerosis by reducing T cell responsiveness and increasing PD-1 receptor expression. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for the disease.
A new study published in the Pediatrics Journal found that montelukast significantly improved respiratory disturbance and adenoid size in children with obstructive sleep apnea. The study showed a 50% decrease in obstructive apnea index in 65% of treated children.
Concentrator photovoltaics offer promising potential for low-cost electricity in the US desert southwest. The roundtable brought together stakeholders from industry, academia, and government to shape research and innovation in CPV technology.
Researchers have identified a promising new treatment for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, which reduces the frequency of exacerbations and increases time to first exacerbation. The treatment, azithromycin, has shown benefits persisting for six months after completion, offering a new option for patients with this debilitating disease.
A 12-week group yoga intervention programme has been found to be likely to provide a cost-effective treatment for patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain. The study, led by the University of York, shows that the programme is associated with fewer days off work and reduced healthcare costs.
A new direction in research for male contraceptives has been identified using the small molecule JQ1, which blocks chromatin remodeling necessary for sperm production. Studies show that mice treated with JQ1 have lower sperm counts and reduced sperm motility, paving the way for potential development of a male contraceptive pill.
A study estimates that approximately 1 in 93 men and 1 in 133 women of middle age may develop kidney failure in their lifetime. People with reduced kidney function face a higher risk, with men facing a 7.51% chance and women a 3.21%.
Researchers identified a group of elderly people with exceptional memories and brains that resemble those of middle-aged individuals. Their cortex thickness and attention region were found to be thicker than normal aging peers, suggesting a greater number of neurons and potentially improved cognitive abilities.
Researchers at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center show how PKM2 contributes to brain tumor formation and growth by influencing histone proteins. Higher levels of PKM2 expression and H3 phosphorylation are correlated with shorter survival and higher grade tumors.
Researchers aim to develop a biologic cure for diabetes by addressing immunosuppression, poor islet viability, and implantation issues. The new funding will support the development of bioactive scaffolds and conformal coatings to protect implanted cells from the immune response.
A new study published in The Journal of Pediatrics finds that children who delayed gratification longer at 4 years old had lower body mass indexes (BMI) as adults. Researchers followed up with 164 participants, now in their mid-30s, and found a significant association between childhood self-control and adult BMI.
A study published in The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that individuals infected with the T. gondii parasite are seven times more likely to attempt suicide. The researchers also discovered that the parasite can cause inflammation in the brain, leading to changes in brain chemistry and potentially contributing to depression.
Tropical Depression 8 strengthened into Tropical Storm Gordon on August 15, after days of organization and development across the eastern Atlantic. The storm is expected to track east into the Atlantic, potentially affecting the Azores, with strengthening expected over warm waters.
Researchers have validated a radiosensitivity molecular signature that can predict clinical outcomes in patients treated with radiation therapy for breast cancer. The technology, called RSI, identifies radiosensitivity and radioresistance, opening the door to biologically guided radiation therapy.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Baylor College of Medicine developed a small molecule compound, JQ1, that generates reversible birth control in male mice by disrupting spermatogenesis. The study showed a decrease in sperm count and quality without affecting testosterone production or offspring health.
Two Johns Hopkins scientists, Cynthia Sears and Peter Searson, received $500k combined for their projects addressing neglected areas of cancer research. Sears aims to explore bacterial causes of colon cancer, while Searson develops a lab-on-a-chip platform to study metastasis.
The Semi-Autonomous Pipe Bomb End-cap Remover (SAPBER) is a low-cost device that can disassemble pipe bombs while preserving forensic evidence. It has been tested in operational scenarios and shown to be effective and easy to use, marking a new era in capability for dealing with pipe bombs.
The invasive Ophiothela mirabilis has established populations in the Atlantic, threatening coral reefs near Brazilian and Caribbean ports. Its ability to clone itself increases its proliferating capacity and dispersal, altering the ecology of Atlantic coral reef habitats.
Prosperous Native-American tribes are concerned that state-legalized internet gambling could harm their revenues and economies. Experts, including Joseph M. Kelly, PhD, JD, argue that federal regulation would be preferable to prevent negative impacts.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered that combining two peptide agents with a low-dose chemotherapy drug can delay tumor onset and progression in breast cancer models. The treatments caused few side effects.
A study from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that miscommunication is common between mothers and clinicians caring for critically ill newborns. Mothers often perceive their child's condition differently than clinicians, leading to misunderstandings about the severity of the illness.
A team of researchers at UC San Diego developed a multi-dimensional set of brain measurements that can accurately assess a child's age. The study, published in Current Biology, shows that the 'developmental clock' within the brain captures age differences well regardless of individual variability.
A University of Utah study found that judges consider a psychopath's biology when sentencing. If given biological explanations for the disorder, they reduce the sentence by about a year on average. However, this doesn't necessarily mean judges let defendants off easy, but rather show major changes in their reasoning.
A study published in The Lancet found that mepolizumab significantly reduced severe asthma exacerbations, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations. The treatment also showed promise in reducing the need for oral corticosteroids, a common trigger for these flare-ups.
The FastStitch device, developed by Johns Hopkins undergraduates, features a cross between a pliers and a hole-puncher to guide stitch placement and prevent accidental punctures. The device has already received recognition and funding to move forward, aiming to simplify and improve the closure process for surgeons.
A study will assess software engineering students' teamwork skills using objective and quantitative measures, developing software models that predict team success. The research aims to provide advice to teachers and industry leaders on managing teams, emphasizing the importance of 'soft skills',
Cefazolin outperforms vancomycin in preventing hospitalizations and deaths from specific bloodstream infections, a study reveals. The antibiotic was found to be 48% more effective at preventing sepsis.
The trial aims to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the H5N1 vaccine combined with IDRI's GLA adjuvant, which may result in a self-administered flu vaccine. The collaboration has the potential to expedite vaccination and simplify distribution during a pandemic.
Researchers found that abnormal proteins and antibodies in blood levels increase according to disease severity. High antibody levels are associated with higher risk of kidney failure and premature death.
Researchers discovered that poxviruses can rapidly produce multiple copies of a gene to counter host defenses, allowing them to quickly adapt and evolve. The study provides new insight into the mechanisms of adaptation for large double-stranded DNA viruses.