The malaria parasite changes into a banana shape before sexual reproduction to evade the human immune system and survive in the circulation. This finding provides new targets for vaccine or drug development.
Daily doses of a vitamin D compound did not reduce enlargement or improve impaired functioning of the heart's main pumping chamber in patients with kidney disease and cardiac enlargement. However, the study found some evidence that paricalcitol may reduce the incidence of heart failure.
The study focuses on Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis, a bacterium that breaks down organic material at high temperatures. Researchers found that growth on switchgrass prompted the organism to express new proteins and enzymes involved in plant cell wall deconstruction.
A team of researchers from Carnegie Institution, GoodPlanet Foundation, and World Wide Fund (WWF) has produced the first large-scale, high-resolution estimates of carbon stocks in remote and fragile Madagascar. The study found that humid mountain forests had the highest carbon densities, while deforestation reduced standing carbon stocks.
A Georgia Tech study identifies specific words and phrases that predict whether workplace emails are sent to someone higher or lower in the corporate hierarchy. Certain phrases consistently signal a power relationship between two people, with an estimated probability of chance occurring less than 1 in 1,000.
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have discovered a subtype of ovarian cancer that is susceptible to anti-angiogenic drugs, which block blood vessel formation. The subtype accounts for approximately one-third of all serous ovarian cancers and may benefit from therapies currently being tested in other cancers.
Patients with chronic kidney disease did not show significant improvement on measures of cardiac structure, function, or left ventricular mass after receiving vitamin D compound paricalcitol for up to 48 weeks. However, the study found fewer hospitalizations for cardiovascular events in the treatment group compared to placebo.
A new orthopaedic smart device provides real-time diagnostic data to enable precise post-surgical diagnosis and follow-up. The device, made possible by tiny wireless sensors, can monitor load, strain, motion, temperature, and pressure in orthopaedic implants.
A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that creating psychological distance can reduce cognitive difficulty and anxiety in choice situations. By manipulating abstract thinking and body postures, researchers discovered that leaning away from a screen or task can make decisions feel less difficult.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of previous studies found that short-term exposure to major air pollutants is associated with an increased risk of heart attack. The study suggests three possible mechanisms for this association: inflammation, abnormal cardiac autonomic system regulation, and increased blood viscosity.
Researchers at MDC Berlin-Buch have identified a receptor for cholesterol that plays a key role in forebrain development. The study found that defective binding sites can lead to severe anomalies, highlighting the crucial importance of cholesterol metabolism in embryonic development.
Analysis of North American prickly pear cacti species shows widespread hybrid origin, likely resulting from western and southeastern US parental species hybridization. Genome duplication contributed to the distribution pattern seen today.
A cash transfer programme reduced HIV and HSV-2 infection prevalence by two-thirds in school-age girls, supporting changes in self-reported sexual behaviour. The intervention also showed no significant difference for individuals who dropped out of school.
A Wayne State University researcher is developing a model to focus on the causes of everyday MS symptoms. The goal is to provide more effective treatments and improve daily functioning for patients.
Researchers found evidence supporting the single-water-source hypothesis for Yellowstone's geysers, suggesting a common source of subsurface water. Additionally, gravity waves in the Martian mesosphere were linked to the formation of carbon dioxide clouds, which could impact global climate models.
New research shows bumblebees can learn where to find best food resources from both fellow bees and rival honeybees, challenging the idea that social learning is unique to same-species interactions.
Researchers found that curcumin prolongs the lives of fruit flies with Alzheimer's symptoms by up to 75% and maintains their mobility. However, it did not dissolve or decrease the amyloid plaque, but instead accelerated its formation by reducing precursor forms.
Researchers found that abduction strained the ACL more than anterior translation and internal rotation increased load equally with anterior translation. The combination of all three factors resulted in an additive effect, increasing average ACL strain significantly.
A new approach to tackling terrorism suggests using public health measures to prevent radicalisation, focusing on education, addressing social isolation and promoting inclusion. Researchers argue that the current criminal justice system has failed to prevent terrorism and may have alienated vulnerable individuals.
A new questionnaire has been designed to assess individual differences in bilinguals when changing languages. Research identifies several factors contributing to language switching, including proficiency, context, and unconscious changes. The study's findings suggest that bilingualism may have cognitive benefits, but more research is n...
A new study from the University of Chicago Press Journals reveals that consumers' product choices are driven by their goals, which can be activated through subtle cues in the environment. The authors develop a model explaining why consumers change their minds or switch loyalties.
A new software app, Caffeine Zone, developed by Penn State researchers, can help people find the best time to consume caffeine for a mental boost without disrupting their sleep. The app provides personalized graphs based on individual caffeine intake and drinking habits.
Research by Hong and Sun found that consumers prefer romance movies when they feel physically cold, as a need for psychological warmth is triggered. This association was confirmed in both laboratory studies and an analysis of movie rental data.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that end-of-life care activities prioritize individualized care and communication with patients and families. The researchers identified the importance of creating a comfortable environment and being present with patients, especially near the end of life.
A study by Gérard Liger-Belair reveals the role of carbon dioxide in champagne bubbles, from second fermentation to gas escape through tiny bubbles popping on the surface of wine. The research provides clues for fine-tuning champagne production, including adjusting bubble size based on fermentation sugar levels.
A study published in Psychological Review found that people with the best 'memory foraging' strategies are better at recalling items. Participants were asked to name as many animals as they could in three minutes and were compared to a classic model of optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem.
Researchers at UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute have found a promising method to regenerate bone using cartilage grafts, which can integrate with the host bone and vascularize it. This approach could offer an alternative to traditional bone grafting techniques, which can result in poor integration and osteonecrosis.
A recent study has quantified the impact of unsafe water and poor sanitation on child and maternal mortality. The research found that countries with inadequate access to safe water had significantly higher death rates among children under five, with a difference of 4.7 deaths per 1,000 children.
A team of researchers from the University of Rochester Medical Center has developed a vaccine that can prevent MRSA infection of orthopaedic implants. The antibody targets a component of the cell wall, preventing normal bacterial cell division and formation of sequestrum, a hallmark of osteomyelitis.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that repeating experiences can renew appreciation for both the object of consumption and oneself. Participants reported enhanced emotional lives and mental health benefits from re-consumption, with various motivations including self-reflection and social sharing.
Tropical Cyclone Jasmine is lingering near Tonga, causing gusty winds and heavy rainfall on the islands. The cyclone's strongest thunderstorms and heaviest rainfall are concentrated in its northeastern quadrant.
Researchers at Arizona State University have identified over 1,200 proteins in umbilical cord blood, providing valuable information for the identification of biomarkers. The findings represent a significant advance in the discovery of early warning indices of disease and toxic exposure.
A University of Oregon-led research team warns that climate change and fuel buildup may trigger a perfect storm of wildfires in the US West. The team reevaluates fire-management practices to address a fire deficit due to rising temperatures, droughts, and increased tree mortality.
A protein called biglycan is essential for stabilizing synapses at the neuromuscular junction, a process crucial for muscle control and long-term health. Research suggests that biglycan could be a potential therapy for motor neuron diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and ALS.
The US government and schools have made moderate progress in developing nutritional standards for foods sold in schools, but have failed to comprehensively address the issue of food marketing influencing children's diets. The Institute of Medicine recommended that public sector stakeholders support a healthful diet for children and ado...
A new study finds that seismic faults close to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant have reactivated after a magnitude 9 earthquake in March. The researchers warn of a higher risk of large earthquakes disturbing the region, which could potentially cause another nuclear disaster.
Researchers analyzed Caribbean coral extinctions during Plio-Pleistocene era and found strong relationships between past regional extinction events and modern coral vulnerability. The study suggests that extinction events depend on biological characteristics of the coral species, improving the accuracy of extinction-risk assessment.
According to investigators at Washington University School of Medicine, antibiotics do not reduce symptoms in sinus infection patients, with most people getting better on their own. The study suggests treating symptoms and watchful waiting may be more effective than antibiotic treatment.
Researchers found that Cardiac MRI identified a new or alternate explanation for arrhythmias in 50% of patients, often revealing inflammation of the heart muscle or small heart attacks that went undetected. CMR outperformed standard cardiac imaging tests in diagnosing cardiac causes, leading to improved patient outcomes.
The study identified biologically relevant targets in breast cancer using mRNA sequencing, revealing novel and unannotated transcripts. The GW research team discovered common and differentially expressing transcripts between three types of breast cancer, shedding light on the disease's underlying mechanisms.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that people experience happiness through excitement and calmness, with younger individuals focusing on excitement and older individuals on calmness. Consumers' experiences of happiness drive their product choices, with marketers advised to consider individual differences.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University found that depressed heart attack patients are more likely to be re-admitted for cardiac events and have longer hospital stays, with 14% more days of hospitalization compared to happier counterparts. The study suggests that investing in extra psychiatric support may have a large positive payoff.
The authors argue that HAART roll-out's cost-effectiveness has been significantly understated, as economic analyses fail to account for its role in preventing HIV transmission. This oversight highlights the need for expanded 'Seek, Test, Treat and Retain' programs to control HIV and AIDS-related morbidity, mortality, and transmission.
Scientists at Emory University School of Medicine identified a new group of compounds that block signals from EP2, a receptor involved in inflammation. The compounds could potentially treat neurological diseases such as epilepsy and stroke.
A team of scientists has discovered that two competing noncoding RNAs play a crucial role in regulating FLO11 gene expression in yeast cells, allowing them to adapt to different environments. This finding provides new understanding of location-dependent gene expression and its significance in various biological processes.
The study aims to determine whether the MYC gene family is involved in the development and chemotherapy-resistance of high-grade serous ovarian cancers. Changes in MYC-family proteins have been identified as a potential cause of at least 15-20 per cent of these cancers, associated with poor clinical outcomes.
Studies show that people's preferences for things on the same side as their dominant hand affect abstract evaluations, such as value and intelligence. This phenomenon, known as the body-specificity hypothesis, highlights how our bodies influence our minds.
The European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) is advocating for policy changes to address the negative impact of EU legislation on childhood cancer treatment. The current directive has increased bureaucracy and administration, making it time-consuming and expensive to conduct clinical trials.
A study by North Carolina State University found that most college athletics departments lack formal relationships with campus groups working on sustainability initiatives. Athletic department representatives understand the importance of sustainability, but few have incorporated sustainable practices into their strategic plans.
A study found that injectable Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) treatment increased clot prevention rates compared to warfarin-based therapy in advanced cancer patients. Despite being recommended by guidelines, LMWH use is low due to patient preference for oral warfarin.
A recent study found that in the UK, most people (9/10) turn to their partner for positive emotional support. The study also revealed gender differences in perceptions of social support from partners, family members, and friends. Women tend to look more widely to other family members and friends for support.
A new study found people with Lynch syndrome have an increased risk of developing several types of cancer, including bowel, uterus, ovarian, kidney, stomach, and bladder cancers. The study also revealed a moderately increased risk of breast and pancreatic cancer in those with the condition.
A new theory suggests that sleep problems may contribute to dissociation and dissociative disorders. Research finds that sleep disturbances can impair memory and increase suggestibility, potentially increasing the impact of leading interventions. Therapists should adopt a more nuanced approach to treat patients with dissociative symptoms.
A new global analysis reveals that water-associated infectious disease outbreaks are more likely to occur in areas with growing population density. The research used a massive database of 1,428 water-associated disease outbreaks and found that population density was the greatest risk factor for these outbreaks.
Scientists at EMBL Hamburg have discovered the myomesin protein can stretch up to two-and-a-half times its length, unfolding in a previously unknown way. The study reveals the protein's superhelical architecture and unusual elastic properties, shedding new light on muscle contraction mechanisms.
Researchers use DNA barcoding to identify parasitic worms in canned food, ruling out contamination and ensuring kosher certification. The study's findings confirm that the food remains kosher despite the presence of roundworms.
A large-scale study found that young urban Sri Lankans have a high prevalence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including raised BMI and physical inactivity. The research highlights the need for early intervention and preventive strategies to address this growing public health concern.
Scientists at the University of Leeds create a biosensor technology that can detect Adenovirus viruses, identify individual strains, and count virus particles. This breakthrough could lead to faster, simpler, and less costly testing for viruses, ultimately benefiting patients.
Arizona State University researchers have made a significant advance in infrared photodetector technology by discovering how to effectively use certain materials arranged in specific patterns in atomic-scale structures. The development of superlattices with tailored detection wavelengths has improved the sensitivity and efficiency of i...
Higher amounts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with lower waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, and higher HDL cholesterol levels. Increasing daily MVPA by 20 minutes can improve cardiometabolic health in children.
A new study published in The Lancet Oncology shows that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) significantly reduces hot flushes and night sweats in women after breast cancer treatment. CBT improves symptoms by 46-52% compared to usual care, with sustained benefits at 26 weeks.
Researchers have developed a method to overcome the barrier of implantation into the womb and study embryonic development for the first 8 days. This allows them to understand how clusters of extra-embryonic cells signal where to make the head of the embryo.
Andreas Römpp and Sabine Guenther received the ABC Best Paper Award 2011 for their pioneering work on mass spectrometry imaging with high spatial resolution. Their method provided highly specific molecular information and excellent correlation with histological features.
The ARVO Foundation for Eye Research awards $40,000 fellowships to Andrea Petznick and Juan Ding for their dry eye research projects. The recipients will focus on improving the treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) and its impact on patients.
The new 'Geo-Wiki' web tool utilizes Google Earth and crowdsourced data to enhance the accuracy of global land use and forest cover information. By leveraging a network of volunteers, Geo-Wiki aims to produce more accurate hybrid land cover maps than existing individual products.
Researchers from the University of Bristol have identified graphene's stress and strain shear modulus and internal friction, shedding light on its structural behavior as a mechanical material. The study suggests CVD-grown single-layer graphene films could be used in nanosensors, providing a vital alternative to existing materials.
A study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that consumers react differently to units of measurement depending on their mental state. Consumers tend to focus on numbers when in a concrete mindset, but shift to unitary comparisons when in an abstract mindset.
Researchers from Notre Dame and two universities are studying the impact of speciation on parasitic wasps and their fruit fly prey. The study may help control pests in orchards, saving the apple industry millions annually.
A new study at Cornell University finds that motherhood is associated with women exiting research fast-track careers at twice the rate of men. Despite equal pay and promotion, women face outdated policies that make it incompatible with a tenure-track research career.
The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on the next Landsat satellite will detect Earth's temperature using quantum physics-based detector arrays. This technology enables accurate measurements of land and water usage, vital for managing Western US water consumption.
Physicists have discovered a new class of topological insulators with unique properties, including deep-laying conducting states. The materials are insulators in bulk but conductors at the surface, making them promising for applications in spintronics and quantum computation.
Cyclone Giovanna made landfall in eastern Madagascar with winds gusting to 120 mph, bringing heavy rain and strong winds. The storm is expected to move into the Mozambique Channel, where it will quickly reorganize due to warm waters.
Research suggests that disrupted sleep patterns may be associated with the build-up of amyloid plaques in the brains of people without memory problems. The study found that participants who woke up more than five times per hour and slept inefficiently were more likely to have these markers.
The discovery highlights a mechanism for regulatory T-cell accumulation in lymphoid tissue, which could lead to a treatment strategy that slows the production of this type of T cell. Regulatory T cells normally tamp down immune-system attacks, but high numbers might prevent an immune response against HIV.
Researchers at WashU Medicine discovered a potent regulator of insulin sensitivity, protein TBC1D3, which helps improve blood sugar control. Higher levels of TBC1D3 impede feedback loops that normally deactivates insulin signals, keeping the pathway open longer.
Global brands employ versioning to remove or reduce features in existing models, but consumers revolt and sue companies if perceived as unfair. Companies can mitigate negative reactions by reducing similarity between products and communicating with consumers about the practice.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a molecule that can bind to DNA for up to 16 days, making it a promising step towards creating drugs that can target rogue DNA. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for genetic diseases, cancer, and retroviruses like HIV.
A new BYU study found that online role-playing games can hurt real-life marital satisfaction, with 75% of spouses wishing their partner would spend less time gaming and more on their marriage. However, for couples who game together, interacting with each other's avatars leads to higher marital satisfaction.
Researchers found that teammates and social influence play a significant role in weight loss, particularly in team-based weight loss competitions. Participants who said their teammates played a large role in their weight loss actually lost the most weight. Individual characteristics such as obesity status also affected weight outcomes.
Adolescents who feel supported by their families and have caring friends are less likely to consider ending their lives. Conversely, those who experience victimization due to being gay are at a higher risk of suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviors.
A new study reveals that South Asians living with coronary disease in Alberta experience a lower quality of life compared to Canadians of European descent. The study, published in American Heart Journal, found that they have more frequent and severe chest pains, and are less physically active.
A study published in JAMA found that treatment with amoxicillin for acute uncomplicated rhinosinusitis did not result in a significant difference in symptoms compared to placebo. Patients who received antibiotics reported similar improvements in quality of life and symptom relief, contradicting the common practice of prescribing antibi...
Researchers have developed a new technology using bacteria naturally found in tsetse flies to release nanobodies against trypanosomes, the parasites that cause sleeping sickness. The nanobodies can bind to the parasite's surface and potentially block or destroy its development.
The SAGE/CSWE Award for Innovative Teaching recognizes individuals who have brought about innovative teaching methods in social work education. The award promotes the exchange of ideas and encourages collaboration among educators.