A recent study examines ash tree removal and pesticide options to minimize urban forest loss due to Emerald Ash Borer infestations. The results show that insecticide treatments retain greater urban forest value, while preemptive removal without replacement is the least expensive option.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a technique to create molecular analogs of the active part of molybdenite, a widely used industrial catalyst. This method holds promise for creating catalytic materials that can generate hydrogen gas from acidic water at lower costs and with greater efficiency.
A newly published study found that over a quarter of unexplained cardiac arrests occurred after patients experienced fainting, known as syncope. Patients also exhibited frequent chest pain and palpitations. The research suggests that fainting may be an opportunity to diagnose genetic disorders and prevent future sudden death.
A study of 3,800 pregnancies has provided the most accurate evidence to date that malaria infection reduces early fetal growth. The research found that even single episodes of treated malaria can affect fetal head size at mid-pregnancy, but may not have a lasting impact on birth weight.
A new study confirms that synaptic protein mutations increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), emphasizing the importance of synaptic gene dysfunction and modifier genes. The research identifies mutations in the SHANK2 gene and highlights its role in neuronal function and interaction with other genetic variations.
Researchers from Harvard University found that shark skin's denticles create a low-pressure zone that enhances propulsion, reducing drag. Swimsuits with similar surface properties have no effect on swim speed.
Researchers reveal detailed structure and function of UVR8 protein, a key player in plant protection against UV radiation. The molecule's unique light-sensing ability allows it to orchestrate gene activity and switch on protective responses in plants.
IKBKE is induced by tobacco carcinogens and mediates tobacco action in promoting lung cancer cell survival. Knocking down IKBKE sensitizes cells to chemotherapy, suggesting a therapeutic role for targeting this pathway.
Inflammatory breast cancer cells use the anti-inflammatory response of white blood cells to increase fibronectin expression, a molecule involved in wound healing and cell migration. Monocyte-conditioned media stimulate this process through the IL-8 signaling pathway, allowing cancer cells to branch and invade, leading to metastasis.
Researchers found that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine can prevent sudden death in epilepsy patients by enhancing respiratory function. The study provides hope for developing treatments to lessen SUDEP risk, but further studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness in humans.
Researchers found that 12-weeks of high-speed power training improves muscular power in older people. The study showed significant gains in neuromuscular and cardiovascular function, as well as improved functional capacity and quality of life. Power training is a promising measure for preventing or reducing loss of functional capacity ...
A team led by Dr Steven Le Comber used computer simulations and historical data to compare geographic profiling with existing methods for monitoring invasive species. The technique outperformed others, particularly when multiple sources were involved, suggesting its potential for controlling the spread of invasive species.
A new study identifies African-American background, longer NICU stay, and poor access to healthcare as increased risks of death in preterm infants after being discharged from the NICU. Maternal exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy decreases infant mortality risk.
Researchers found that fishermen in wealthier countries are less likely to give up their trade due to subsidies and job satisfaction. In contrast, those in poorer countries with diversified livelihoods are more willing to leave the fishery. The study highlights the complexity of decision making and factors influencing willingness to ad...
A study found that geotagged photos of children on Flickr could be used to locate their homes, posing a significant risk to their safety and privacy. The researchers warn that parents should be cautious when posting personal photos online.
Researchers discover bexarotene rapidly clears amyloid from the brain and reverses cognitive deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. The results show significant promise for a new therapy, with more than half of amyloid plaques cleared within 72 hours.
A study by the University of Seville found that 60% of Spanish adolescents do not take drugs and rarely drink alcohol. The friendship group is a key factor in their behavior, with teenagers who take drugs being less satisfied at school and with family but feeling more satisfied in their friendships.
A team of scientists used LiDAR to create a detailed 3-D map of the earthquake zone, revealing deformation around small faults that caused the quake. The study provides insight into how multi-fault earthquakes occur and sheds light on the behavior of earthquake faults.
The study reviews current methods in bioenergy production and highlights the need for innovative solutions to overcome challenges. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable land use management to create a biomass-to-energy industry with minimal environmental impact.
A 30-year study by University of Zurich researchers reveals a strong correlation between self-rated health and mortality risk, even after controlling for various factors. The study suggests that people with excellent health ratings have better chances of survival, indicating the importance of holistic approaches to healthcare.
Children as young as preschool age tend to categorize objects as masculine, reflecting cultural and linguistic biases. The study found that bilingual children showed a different perspective on objects when speaking French, likely due to the language's structure and not necessarily their factual knowledge of biology.
Researchers at Rice University have created a way to print fine lines of gold nanoparticles on glass, allowing them to transmit signals over long distances using dark plasmons. This breakthrough enables efficient energy transfer on the micrometer scale, potentially improving optoelectronic devices.
Children who display multiple psychosomatic symptoms are more likely to be experiencing physical abuse at home, according to a study published in Acta Paediatrica. Abused children with chronic conditions reported significantly more psychosomatic symptoms than abused children without chronic conditions.
Researchers found that women who delivered their first baby early are more likely to have a subsequent baby that is small for its gestational age, even when the second pregnancy is carried to term. The study suggests that mothers who deliver prematurely should be closely monitored for fetal weight and growth in future pregnancies.
A study found that children born to mothers who received chemotherapy during pregnancy have normal cognitive development and no significant differences in behavior, health, or hearing compared to the general population. However, premature birth was associated with lower cognitive scores.
Researchers found ultrasound images to have 100% diagnostic correlation with X-rays for detecting developmental dislocation of the hip. The study showed ultrasound to be a reliable alternative imaging method for DDH screening in young children.
A study by Michigan State University's Institute for the Study of Youth Sports found that coaches who prioritize player self-improvement over competition create a sense of teamwork, social skills, and identity among young athletes. The research suggests that focusing on player development can lead to positive outcomes in life skills an...
A large-scale genetic screening of over 17,000 individuals with Type 2 diabetes and 70,000 control subjects identified nearly 40 gene variants associated with the disease. The study found that many gene variants overlap across multiple ethnic groups, providing new insights into the biological targets for developing more effective drugs.
A study found that boosting male garter snake estrogen levels causes them to secrete the same pheromones as females, attracting multiple males. The research confirms estrogen's powerful role in biology and has implications for environmental impact.
Research shows that fruit fly pheromones produced by older flies can reduce their attractiveness, but adding young pheromones can increase it. This study provides insight into the connection between aging and physical attractiveness in fruit flies.
A £7 million research initiative aims to improve fruit and vegetable production in the UK through sustainable farming practices. The project will focus on adapting crops to a changing climate, reducing waste, and increasing yields while maintaining environmental sustainability.
Cyclone Jasmine was classified as a powerful category 4 cyclone with wind speeds of 132 mph, but was weakening due to cooler waters and drier air. A 3D image created from TRMM data revealed the eye's funnel-shaped surface and intense thunderstorms dropping rain at over 2 inches/hr.
A new study suggests that induced labor may not lower the risk of infection or respiratory problems in newborns. The research indicates that expectant management, which involves close monitoring rather than inducing labor, is a safe alternative for women with preterm ruptured membranes.
Increased use of glyphosate-type herbicides has led to a dramatic increase in genetically-resistant weeds, according to Penn State researchers. Integrated weed management programs, including planting cover crops and using mechanical control methods, can lower herbicide use by up to 94% while maintaining profit margins.
A new study finds arsenic to be the most critical metal, followed by silver and selenium, in sustaining modern technology. The research highlights the need for corporations and nations to identify their unique set of critical materials and stabilize supply chains.
High levels of cadmium in females and lead in males are associated with delayed pregnancy, according to a NIH study. Couples can reduce exposure by avoiding cigarettes or taking steps to minimize lead-based paint exposure.
A new study by the RAND Corporation suggests that a voluntary after-school program focusing on substance use can help middle school-aged children avoid alcohol. The CHOICE program, presented in five 30-minute sessions, was found to reduce alcohol use among all students at intervention schools.
The Australian Cancer Research Foundation has committed $2 million to two new cancer research laboratories at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute. The new facilities will enable researchers to study the biology of epithelial cancers and develop new treatments for breast, ovarian, lung, and leukemia patients.
A study from the University of New South Wales found that exercise alone can almost completely reverse the adverse metabolic effects passed on to offspring by their overweight mothers. The reversal was most pronounced in juveniles who exercised and consumed a low-fat diet.
Researchers found that MHC genes, which distinguish self from foreign proteins, undergo an 'arms race' with germs, favoring the retention of diverse genes. This diversity is crucial for mounting a defense against novel pathogens.
A new therapeutic strategy using a single injection of fibronectin has shown potential to improve patient outcomes in treating chronic neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. This approach inhibits the development of mechanical allodynia, a common type of chronic pain experienced by spinal cord injury patients.
Researchers at the Rothman Institute have found that measuring C-reactive protein in synovial fluid is extremely accurate for diagnosing PJI. The study of 2,067 cases revealed that serum white blood cell counts and PMN percentages have minimal sensitivity and specificity for infection diagnosis.
The financial burden of prescription drugs is decreasing, with generic medications playing a key role. In 2008, over 8 million nonelderly Americans faced high drug-cost burdens, with nearly 1/4 living in families where out-of-pocket costs accounted for more than half of all healthcare expenses.
A Pittsburgh study found that regional differences in Medicare drug spending are primarily due to the use of more expensive brand-name drugs, rather than volume. The study suggests that promoting the use of generic medications could lower out-of-pocket costs for patients and save Medicare money.
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a new method to stimulate neurons in the brain using quantum dots. This technique allows for precise control over cell activity and could provide insights into disease processes and potential treatments for conditions like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, and severe depression.
A team of UC San Diego researchers created the smallest room-temperature nanolaser to date, as well as a highly efficient, thresholdless laser that funnels all its photons into lasing without waste. These breakthroughs could enable the development of future optical circuits packed onto tiny computer chips.
Researchers at Caltech have developed a gene therapy that stimulates the production of new oligodendrocytes from stem cells, enabling the brain to replace damaged myelin sheaths in demyelinating diseases like MS. The therapy uses leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to promote remyelination and reduce inflammation.
A new study suggests that native insect parasitoids in California can suppress the light brown apple moth population, with one species accounting for over 80% of larval parasitism rates. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these natural enemies in controlling the pest's spread.
A team of astronomers has captured stunning images of a nearby dwarf galaxy undergoing a 'stealth merger' with its host. The resulting stellar stream is visible in the outer regions of NGC 4449, providing insights into galaxy formation and evolution.
Researchers at UCLA have found that stimulating a critical junction in the brain can improve memory in human patients. The study focuses on the entorhinal cortex, which plays a crucial role in transforming daily experiences into lasting memories.
Researchers analyzed how name pronunciation affects impression formation and decision-making, finding that people with easy-to-pronounce names are more likely to be favored for promotions and jobs. The study's results have important implications for understanding and managing bias in society.
A new study suggests that about one in four formerly cohabiting couples with children maintain a romantic relationship. Couples who stay connected tend to have more relationship investments and less family chaos, which can benefit their children.
The partnership aims to reduce cancer health disparities in Hispanic populations through outreach education projects and pilot research studies. The collaboration has already learned valuable lessons, including the importance of a patient-centered approach and culturally specific dissemination routes for information.
A study published by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons found that excessive sporting activities can lead to a higher risk of surgical revision in patients with hip resurfacing. Patients with lower Impact Scores had better survival rates and lower revision risks, highlighting the importance of limiting physical activity.
A new study found Scotland's suicide rate surpassed that of England & Wales in 1968 and widened the gap by the early 1990s. The research suggests a significant increase in suicides among young Scottish men, particularly by hanging.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that a tailored Tai Chi training program significantly improved postural stability and walking ability in Parkinson's disease patients. The program resulted in reduced falls and demonstrated potential as an add-on to current physical therapies.
Scientists have developed a new method using DNA sequencing to identify cancer cells that can be targeted by the immune system. By analyzing genetic data from cancer cells and normal cells, researchers were able to identify specific mutated genes whose altered proteins trigger immune system attacks.
A new study found that short fasting cycles can work as well as chemotherapy to treat cancer in mice, and combining both greatly improves survival rates. Fasting alone also effectively treated a majority of cancers tested in animals, including those from human cells.
A study of 107 individuals with diagnosed osteoarthritis in the knee found that a DVD-based exercise program significantly improved pain and physical function, but did not affect osteoarthritis progression. Video-based home exercise programs can enhance adherence and improve life quality for patients living with knee osteoarthritis.
A species of Culex modestus, known to transmit West Nile virus in Europe, has been found breeding in the UK's marshes after a 60-year absence. The discovery highlights the need to investigate mosquito-borne risks to human health and informs efforts to track the mosquitoes' spread.