A new study reveals that cells employ a dual-pump mechanism to maintain optimal nutrient levels, allowing for efficient preparation for starvation and rapid recovery afterwards. This regulatory system enables the cell to deal with fluctuations in nutrient supply, offering crucial survival advantages.
A pilot study shows promise for analyzing bladder pain syndrome by analyzing cells shed into the urine, providing a noninvasive alternative to bladder biopsies. The results show distinct gene signatures for inflammation in patients with Hunner lesions, similar to those found in previous studies of bladder biopsies.
A large-scale genomic study in Bangladesh has identified genetic variants that increase the risk of skin lesions from chronic arsenic exposure. Variants near the enzyme responsible for metabolizing arsenic into a less toxic form were found, suggesting that individuals with these changes are more susceptible to arsenic-related disease.
A study by Columbia University School of Nursing found that fast-food menu calorie counts are legally compliant, but the information is often unclear and difficult to interpret, particularly for low-income communities. The researchers developed a seven-item 'menu rating tool' to improve the usability of calorie postings.
Researchers at MIT have discovered new ways to pattern collecting surfaces to encourage droplets to form more rapidly, leading to improved efficiency in power plants and desalination systems. The findings also have potential applications in improving the performance of solar-power systems and computer chips.
A new study published in Radiology found that computed tomography (CT) colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is an effective screening tool for colorectal cancer in adults over 65. The study analyzed data from 477 patients over 65 and found high diagnostic accuracy rates comparable to those for younger patients.
Researchers from Princeton University and MIT found that projected increases in sea level and storm intensity brought on by climate change would make devastating storm surges more frequent. They developed a simulation tool that can predict the severity of future flooding an area can expect.
Scientists have discovered that early horses, such as Sifrhippus, shrunk in size during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum due to rising temperatures. This study provides evidence of a one-to-one relationship between temperature change and body size evolution.
A team of researchers at NC State University has discovered the mechanism behind high-speed energy storage in capacitors using a PVDF polymer. This finding could lead to more powerful and efficient electric cars that can accelerate quickly, rivaling gasoline-powered sports cars.
The newly discovered Antispila oinophylla species, originating from eastern North America, is found to infest Italian vineyards, particularly on Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Muscat grapes. The leafminer's life cycle and distribution have been studied in detail, highlighting the potential economic impact of this invasive species.
A Swedish register study reveals that children born to certain immigrant groups have an increased risk of developing autism with intellectual disability. The study suggests that environmental factors may contribute to the development of autism, particularly for children whose mothers migrated just before or during pregnancy.
A recent study found that strictly enforcing possession of alcohol under the legal age reduces the likelihood of teenagers engaging in alcohol-related crime as adults. Teens who experienced strict enforcement were arrested less frequently for vandalism and assaults as young adults compared to those with more lenient laws.
A new study from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that a CMS quality measure assessing CT scans in emergency departments is unreliable, affecting up to 83% of patients. The measure may lead to inaccurate comparisons of imaging performance among hospitals.
Research found that impulsive children with attention problems tend to play more video games. Children who spend lots of time gaming also develop impulsivity and attention difficulties. The study collected data from over 3,000 children in Singapore.
Scientists developed a unique compound that blocks inflammation-causing molecules in blood cells, fueling diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease. The compound, Phox-I, precisely targets an enzyme network, reducing ROS production without causing toxicity.
A new study from Northwestern University suggests that people consistently believe their preferred candidate will win an election, even if they're behind in the polls. The false consensus effect, a psychological phenomenon, is thought to be driving this trend.
A study by RIKEN-MIT Center found that specific neurons in the dentate gyrus serve distinct roles in memory formation based on whether they were produced from young or old neural stem cells. This discovery could lead to new drug targets for treating memory impairments associated with PTSD and aging.
The ONR's Navy Manufacturing Technology (ManTech) program has improved manufacturing efficiency to save millions of dollars annually. By reducing product costs, the program enables warfighters to access more affordable technologies that enhance their capabilities.
Dr. Thomas J. Fogarty has revolutionized heart surgery with his invention of the balloon catheter, simplifying and making safer a previously complex procedure. He is also a successful entrepreneur, holding over 135 surgical patents and establishing several research companies.
Venomous creatures' active surfaces evolve rapidly in response to environmental constraints, while non-active 'structural' surfaces change minimally. This phenomenon supports the Red Queen's hypothesis and may aid in designing novel synthetic proteins with tailored pharmaceutical properties.
A study of Latina mothers found that their primary concern is a strong relationship with their pediatrician, rather than language ability. Mothers valued warm and caring providers who take the time to examine and care for their children.
A computerized cognitive training program has been shown to improve reality-monitoring tasks and social functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. The study found that 16 weeks of intensive training was associated with increased activation of the medial prefrontal cortex, a critical brain region for reality-monitoring processes.
Researchers verified that WIC administrative records accurately reflect breastfeeding practices among over 2000 low-income mothers. The study's findings provide a critical resource for nationwide breastfeeding surveillance and monitoring systems.
Research identifies increased expression of Dyrk1a as a potential explanation for the increased risk of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in children with Down syndrome. A candidate therapeutic target, small-molecule inhibitors of DYRK1A activity, have been proposed.
The US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is working closely with the National Academy of Inventors to promote American academic innovation. The collaboration aims to recognize and support inventors at universities, enhance visibility of university technology, and encourage disclosure of intellectual property.
A study published in Nature found a link between the circadian clock and sudden cardiac death, revealing that the controller of the circadian clock, Klf15, affects potassium flow out of heart muscle cells. This can lead to abnormal heart rhythms and increased risk of deadly arrhythmias.
Researchers from IDIBELL have discovered that human NK cells play a crucial role in rejecting porcine chondrocytes. By understanding this process, they aim to develop a method to reduce rejection and enable successful xenotransplantation of pig cartilage cells.
Scientists link periodic extinctions and increased strontium-87 in marine fossils to a 60-million-year cycle of continental uplift. This process may have reduced sea depth, leading to habitat loss and decline in marine biodiversity.
Researchers analyzed over 4,000 studies on MOFs, concluding they have immense potential for various applications. The special issue of Chemical Reviews presents the latest advances and prospects for commercial applications of these materials.
Researchers are taking a new approach to developing medications that boost levels of good cholesterol, removing it from the body. Three new versions of CETP blockers show promise as viable new heart drugs, but final judgment may be years away.
StopTheHacker, a UC Riverside graduate-led start-up, has received $1.1 million in funding to launch sales and marketing of its web site security product that uses artificial intelligence algorithms to detect malware. The company aims to help small and medium-sized businesses protect themselves against hacker attacks.
Recent studies have found that physical and social pain are processed in the same brain regions, with shared emotional components. This overlap is validated by research, suggesting that people who experience social rejection may be more empathetic towards those with physical pain.
Researchers at UCSF have discovered a new class of drugs that target the mTOR protein, which is hyperactive in many forms of cancer. The new drugs block mTOR more completely than previous ones, effectively hobbles cancer cells and prevents metastasis.
Research on elephants in South Africa reveals chronic stress leads to 'refuge behavior,' changing space use and preferences. Higher physiological stress levels result in 20-43% lower land usage, highlighting the need for wildlife management projects to consider these effects.
Researchers have discovered toxic aldehydes in food oils, including sunflower oil, which can be harmful when heated. The study found that these compounds are present even after cooking, posing a risk to human health.
Researchers discuss advancements in cochlear implant technology and spiral ganglion cell regeneration, aiming to improve sound localization and processing. They also explore strategies for auditory training of older adults to enhance speech understanding in noisy environments.
A research team has found that opportunistic fungi like Candida albicans can sense the immune status of host cells and adapt to evade immune system defenses. The study reveals that these fungi bind to a key immune signaling molecule, Interleukin 17A, allowing them to survive and even cause disease in immunosuppressed patients.
A new melanoma drug, vemurafenib (Zelboraf), has been shown to nearly double the median overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. The Phase 2 trial found that 53% of patients responded to treatment and experienced improved survival rates.
A University of Washington group has launched a unique Design Help Desk to match science students with design consultants, aiming to improve figure creation and convey complex information clearly. The drop-in clinic offers free service Mondays and Wednesdays, primarily for graduate students in science and engineering.
Researchers found that individuals with a fear of spiders perceive the spiders as larger than they really are, which can lead to avoidance and persistence of the phobia. This warped perception doesn't necessarily interfere with daily living but can impact treatment outcomes.
Researchers have discovered an extremely old anthropomorphic figure engraved in rock in Brazil, dating back to between 9,000 and 12,000 years ago. The find supports the hypothesis that humans settled the New World relatively early and suggests a diverse range of symbolic thinking among early American settlers.
Researchers found that playing World of Warcraft improved spatial ability and focus in older adults who scored poorly on cognitive tests before playing the game. However, memory performance showed no significant improvement.
Researchers have discovered that graphene provides exceptional corrosion protection, even at a single layer thickness, outperforming conventional coatings. The study's findings suggest graphene could be ideal for applications where a thin coating is necessary, such as in microelectronic components.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that climate change is affecting bird migration timing in North America, with species shifting their arrival times by as much as 3-6 days per degree Celsius. The study used citizen science data from amateur birdwatchers to analyze the effects of spring temperature warming on migration patterns.
A new microfluidic device can isolate target cells much faster than existing devices, using a soft membrane with nanoscale pores to guide fluid and bring cells in contact with antibodies. This technology could be used for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine applications, such as cancer diagnosis.
A study published in Radiology found that computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation improved attention and information processing skills in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The rehabilitation program showed modifications in brain activity correlated with cognitive improvement, without structural changes in the brain.
A new report from Michigan State University criminologists found that local police were involved in nearly half of the identified product counterfeiting cases related to Michigan, highlighting their crucial role in combating this growing crime. The study also revealed alarming statistics, including a $3 million fine for an individual c...
Researchers designed a series of small molecules that target an RNA defect causing myotonic dystrophy type 1. These compounds improve biological defects in cell culture and animal models by more than 40 percent.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College found that a single protein, versican, is key to reversing the process of cancer metastasis in breast cancer. When versican was stopped from functioning, breast cancer could not seed itself into the lungs and form secondary tumors.
The first clinical trial of a new vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis has begun, targeting the most deadly form of the disease. The Phase 1 trial will evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in 36 adult volunteers in Washington State and India.
A team of researchers found a crucial connection between genetic variation and geographic distances in Florida Scrub-Jays. Maintaining or restoring networked scrub-oak habitats within 2-3 miles is essential for sustaining genetic diversity and promoting the species' long-term survival.
A large study found that women with a history of migraine are 40% more likely to develop depression than those without. Researchers hope their findings will encourage doctors to discuss depression prevention with migraine patients.
Researchers at the University of California - San Diego have developed an injectable hydrogel that could repair cardiac tissue damaged by heart attacks. The gel promotes positive remodeling-type response and is compatible with catheter delivery, offering a minimally invasive treatment option.
Researchers have discovered that mutations in the MCM4 gene are responsible for a complex inherited condition affecting adrenal glands, growth, and immune cells in the Irish Traveller community. The findings provide deep insight into DNA replication and genomic instability, potentially increasing cancer risk.
A study in a mouse model of Down syndrome identifies increased expression of protein Dyrk1a as a promoter of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, offering a candidate therapeutic target for treatment.
The US government has been slow to implement a ban on commercial fishing in the nation's protected Pacific Islands Marine National Monuments, threatening unique ecosystems and populations. The monuments, established in 2009, are home to rare species and sensitive habitats that could be damaged by fishermen.
A study by Geoffrey T. Wodtke finds that education does not increase support for affirmative action among whites and minorities, contradicting the common view that education is uniformly liberalizing. However, it does increase support for race-targeted job training. Education also has no effect on negative stereotyping among Asians.
A recent study found a steady decline in illustrations of natural environments and wild animals in award-winning children's picture books. The researchers examined nearly 8,100 images from nearly 300 Caldecott Medal winners and found that built environments dominated the scene, with natural environments and wild animals virtually absent.
A team of Whitehead Institute scientists confirms that the human Y chromosome has not lost a single ancestral gene in the past 25 million years. The study, published in Nature, contradicts the 'rotting Y' theory and suggests the Y chromosome has been genetically stable since its divergence from other chromosomes 25 million years ago.
A new research collection highlights the prevalence of improper condom use worldwide, citing common challenges in the US and globally. The study emphasizes the need for improved education and access to condoms to reduce unplanned pregnancies and STIs.