Researchers found that smokers' cravings can be trained to non-smoking related stimuli, and their brains show enhanced activity when exposed to smoking-related cues. This suggests a link between smoking and associative learning, which may contribute to nicotine addiction.
A simulation model suggests that implementing latest WHO guidelines requires improving access to care and medications, increasing retention of women in care, and supporting adherence to drugs to eliminate pediatric HIV in Zimbabwe.
Researchers at Linköping University have identified a new target for treating psoriasis: the psoriasin protein, which stimulates cell division and angiogenesis. By inhibiting psoriasin, they believe they can reduce disease severity and minimize side effects.
Researchers have developed a new method for analyzing the spatial conformations of biomolecules like proteins and DNA, minimizing interactions with pore materials. The approach enables the prediction of translocation dynamics of nucleic acids with varying sequences.
A study found that patients with blood potassium levels between 3.5 and less than 4.5 mEq/L had a lower risk of death than those with levels higher or lower than this range after a heart attack. The optimal range of serum potassium levels in AMI patients may be between 3.5 and 4.5 mEq/L.
The University of Houston has opened a new sleep and anxiety center for kids, offering empirically-based evaluation and treatment services. The center provides top-of-the-line treatment at no cost to participating families, including polysomnography and actigraphy assessments.
Researchers have identified retroviruses and herpesviruses in illegally imported wildlife products, highlighting the potential public health risk of the illegal wildlife trade. The study suggests that surveillance at ports can help prevent disease emergence.
A new study by Brown University researchers found that exposure to a common cosmetic chemical, methylisothiazolinone (MIT), can disrupt the fine wiring of the nervous system in tadpoles, even at very low concentrations. The study suggests that lower concentrations of MIT may be detrimental to brain development.
A study published in the Journal of Women's Health found that young women are more likely to recognize weight gain if they are black or using DMPA. The researchers surveyed 466 women with an average age of 25, finding nearly one-third and one-quarter did not recognize gains of 4.5 and 8.8 pounds during a six-month interval.
Researchers identified a three-dimensional crystal structure of the Abies grandis α-bisabolene synthase, an enzyme that produces bisabolene, a precursor to bisabolane. This breakthrough could lead to improved catalytic efficiency and stability, enabling microbes to produce bisabolene faster.
A study published in The Lancet shows that a single dose of oral azithromycin is non-inferior to injectable penicillin for treating yaws disease, avoiding equipment and medically trained personnel needs. This finding supports the potential elimination of neglected tropical disease through mass drug administration programs.
A 6-week program called Mindful Restaurant Eating helps develop skills to reduce caloric and fat intake when eating out. Participants lost significantly more weight and had lower daily caloric intake after completing the intervention.
DARPA's Extended Solids program aims to identify processes that enable stabilization and production of high pressure phase materials without scale limitations. The goal is to create stronger, lighter, and more resilient materials for defense applications.
Researchers found significant cancer-like gene expression changes in healthy smokers' large airway epithelia compared to nonsmokers. The study suggests smoking induces molecular alterations in the large airway epithelium prior to disease development, making it a primary site for lung cancer risk.
Researchers at TUM introduce a new catalytic process that effectively converts biopetroleum from microalgae into diesel fuels. The process uses a novel catalyst and achieves the conversion of raw, untreated algae oil under mild conditions, producing diesel-range saturated hydrocarbons suitable for high-grade vehicle fuels.
A team of scientists has identified a molecular 'culprit' in the emergence of oxygen on Earth, dating back to 2.9 billion years ago. Manganese catalase, an enzyme that generates oxygen as a byproduct, is believed to be responsible for the rise of planetary oxygen.
Research at Oregon State University found that disrupting circadian rhythms causes accelerated neurodegeneration, loss of motor function, and premature death. Disrupted clock mechanisms predispose the brain to neurodegeneration, which may cause more damage to the clock function.
An international team of astronomers identified the moment when a black hole launched super-fast knots of gas into space using NASA's RXTE and NSF's VLBA radio telescope. The 'bullets' of ionized gas were thought to arise from a region outside the event horizon, where they were associated with changes signaling the start of the process.
In a preclinical study, ganetespib slowed the growth of cancer cells from non-small cell lung tumors with a KRAS gene mutation. The drug was more active when combined with traditional lung cancer treatments and other targeted therapies, indicating its potential effectiveness in treating patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC.
Research found that individuals with dementia had a significantly higher rate of hospital admissions for all causes and ambulatory care-sensitive conditions. These findings suggest opportunities to improve outpatient care for seniors with dementia by identifying preventive strategies for common conditions like pneumonia, heart failure,...
A special issue of Environmental Justice explores environmental justice issues in Native America, addressing governance, activism, and cultural identity. The collection of articles presents diverse concerns and views on tribal governance, modern environmental policy, and historical precedent.
The Fermi team has discovered hundreds of new energy sources in the high-energy sky, including active galaxies and pulsars. These discoveries will allow astronomers to compare the behavior of different sources across a wider span of gamma-ray energies for the first time.
The Elsevier Foundation has awarded $650,000 to nine institutions worldwide for innovative libraries and new scholars in developing countries. The grants aim to improve access to scientific information and support early-career women scientists.
The authors propose transferring the public health responsibility for controlled medicines from the International Narcotic Control Board to the World Health Organization, citing restrictive drug laws as a major barrier to access. This shift would aim to create better legal frameworks that extricate pain treatment from drug prohibition.
Maternal obesity is associated with increased inflammatory responses in both mother and child, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This includes an increased risk of preeclampsia, respiratory tract infections, and later health issues such as allergic disease and metabolic dysfunction.
The Autonomous Aerial Cargo Utility System (AACUS) is a five-year, $98 million program to develop sensors and control technologies for robotic vertical take-off and landing aircraft. AACUS will enable Marines to request autonomous cargo helicopters for rapid resupply of combat essentials with little to no input from an operator.
A new study in Armed Forces & Society explores how the US military contributed to the widespread appeal of college football. The research highlights the role of World Wars in bringing about issues like payment of college athletes.
A new study in Psychological Science finds that asset and debt levels change perceptions of wealth beyond net worth, with people in debt perceiving themselves wealthier when assets outweigh debt. Participants were asked which person or household was financially better off, and whether they'd borrow to buy something they couldn't pay for.
A global study found that physical activity during work and leisure time significantly lowers the risk of heart attacks. The study also linked ownership of a car and a television to an increased risk of heart attacks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
A study of 5,115 participants found that occasional marijuana use was not associated with adverse effects on lung function. Higher FVC and FEV1 were observed in those with higher lifetime exposure to marijuana.
Researchers at the University of Georgia have found that releasing ladybird beetles in the upper crown of infested trees can effectively control hemlock woolly adelgid populations. The study suggests a new approach to managing the invasive pest, which has been killing Eastern hemlocks across the southeastern US.
Researchers found fossilized fungal hyphae in subseafloor Eocene basalts, suggesting a non-prokaryotic biosphere. This discovery has implications for our understanding of the deep subseafloor environment.
A new study published by Kaiser Permanente found that older women who lose more than two inches in height face a higher risk of fractures and death. The research suggests that clinicians should consider bone density testing, counseling, and treatment to help prevent fractures. Women who lost more than two inches in height were 50% more...
A new UC Davis study found that greater access to key attributes of high-quality primary care, including comprehensiveness and patient-centeredness, is associated with lower mortality. The study suggests that providing all Americans with a 'medical home' offering these attributes could yield major public health benefits.
Researchers used the VLBA and RXTE satellite to study a 2009 outburst from a black hole system. The collaboration gathered detailed images of
The OU research team has made significant discoveries on gas and liquids transport in shale gas reservoirs, developing a quad porosity model that accurately predicts phase behavior and permeability. The model's predictions show improved well performance and prolific production of rich gas-condensate fluids.
A recent study published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes found that Asian-American heart attack patients received nearly the same quality of care as white counterparts, with improvements seen between 2003 and 2008. Despite this, disparities persist, including lower rates of aspirin use and smoking cessation counseling.
A study found that implementing the World Health Organization's recommendations could reduce mother-to-child transmission rates in Zimbabwe from 18% to 6-7%. This would require increased access to effective medications, support for long-term medication adherence, and safer infant feeding options.
A study from Rhode Island Hospital found that collaborative behavioral management can reduce substance abuse among convicted marijuana users who are paroled. The intervention, called Step'n Out, provided incentives for good behavior through a system of points and positive reinforcers.
A team of researchers from Pitt and UMass proposes a 'repair-and-go' approach to fix malfunctions caused by small-surface cracks on any digital device. This method uses nanoparticles and droplets of oil to repair defects on-site, potentially extending the device's lifetime.
The new journal Advances in Wound Care offers rapid dissemination of the latest scientific discoveries and translational research in acute and chronic wound care. It covers various topics including limb salvage, chronic ulcers, burns, trauma, and surgical repair.
The Cygnus X region is home to thousands of massive stars and many more stars around the size of our sun or smaller. Infrared data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope reveals a complex of star-forming clouds, with bubbles carved out by radiation and winds from massive stars.
A report by European Menopause and Andropause society recommends vitamin D supplements for postmenopausal women to maintain blood levels above 30 ng/ml, improving bone health and reducing fracture risk. Experts also suggest a daily intake of 600-4,000 IU/day, depending on age and risk factors.
Researchers analyzed ankle ligament movements and strains during the jump shot, finding that landing causes additional stress on ligaments. The study suggests improved training techniques can reduce injury risk, benefiting junior players.
A Wayne State University researcher is working on a new method to calculate the odds of structural failure in complex engineering structures. The goal is to achieve greater consistency within a structure while maintaining feasible computational costs. This approach has wide-ranging implications for various fields, including electrical,...
A study found that early-stage breast cancer patients often lacked knowledge about their disease and were not meaningfully involved in treatment discussions. This can lead to treatments not aligning with patient preferences, highlighting the need for improvements in the surgical decision-making process.
A team of astronomers has discovered the largest galaxy cluster ever seen in the distant Universe, nicknamed El Gordo. The cluster consists of two separate subclusters colliding at high speeds and is so far away that its light has travelled for seven billion years to reach Earth.
Researchers analyzed 28 studies on real-world lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention and found a significant average weight loss of 4% after one year. The cost-effectiveness of these programs was shown to be comparable to the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial, making them a viable option for preventing diabetes.
Researchers discovered that predators choose diets with optimal balance of protein and fat to produce healthy eggs, outperforming those without nutritional balance. This finding challenges the assumption that predators focus solely on calorie quantity, highlighting their selective eating behavior.
A new study assesses the impact of a psychological therapy for chronic depression, targeting individuals with an emotionally over-controlled personality style. The REFRAMED study aims to provide new insights into refractory depression, a common condition that disrupts daily life.
A USGS study found that climate-driven changes in elk behavior are causing cascading effects on plant and bird communities in mountainous Arizona. Elk's increased ability to browse on plants during winter is leading to decreased tree populations and habitat quality for songbirds.
Researchers have discovered that proteins and ligands engage in a complex dance-like interaction, influencing the binding modes of ligands and receptor dynamics. This finding has implications for designing future diabetes treatments.
Researchers from University of Warwick and Cambridge teamed up to apply fusion plasma expertise to study human brain networks. They developed methods to deal with data analysis problems similar to those faced by neuroscientists, making the first map of dynamically changing brain networks in response to surprise.
A new study reveals a 47-million-year-old primate, Notharctus tenebrosus, with a toe bone showing features of both nails and a grooming claw. This finding challenges previous classifications of primates and raises questions about the evolution of claws in our ancestors.
A new study from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health found that children delivered by cesarean section have an increased risk of developing asthma by age three. This increased risk was particularly seen among children without a hereditary tendency to asthma and allergies.
A Michigan State University scholar refutes the 'tiger mother' philosophy, arguing that a child's happiness is vitally important for their development. Qin found that high-achieving Chinese students are more depressed and anxious than their white counterparts.
Niels Bohr Institute secures a world-leading researcher in quantum physics, Professor Charles Marcus, with a 38 million DKK grant. The institute aims to develop nanoelectronics and conduct research in quantum information using advanced materials.
A multidisciplinary team at Carnegie Mellon University will develop software to enable doctors to diagnose diseases using a patient's DNA sequence. The project aims to create a tool that can analyze the vast amount of information in the human genome and identify disease susceptibility and treatment responsiveness.
A workshop program using 3D modeling software SketchUp has shown benefits for children with autism, improving social engagement, self-confidence, and relationships among generations within families. The program's creators noticed significant improvements in participants' behavior, attention span, and ability to interact with peers.
A study found that individuals with dementia have a significantly higher rate of hospital admissions compared to those without dementia. The majority of these admissions were for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, which can be prevented with proactive outpatient care.
A review of 16 prognostic indices found that none were free from potential bias and only two were independently validated. The study highlights the need for further research on the quality and limitations of these indices before they can be recommended for routine use in clinical practice.
Researchers found that people with schizophrenia showed greater brain activity during tests inducing delusional thinking, including the cortical midline structures and dopamine regions. This effect was not seen in a comparison group without schizophrenia.
The conference, led by Stanford University's Medicine X, aims to bridge the gap between academia, technology, and healthcare. JoVE will publish selected submissions in a unique multimedia format, making findings transparently accessible to the scientific community.
Research at Kansas State University is exploring the use of lignin, a plant-based material, to stabilize and strengthen unpaved roads. The study found that adding lignin to soil can improve road cohesion and reduce erosion, potentially reducing maintenance costs and environmental impact.
Astronomers have discovered the most distant galaxy cluster ever observed, comprising five bright galaxies that are 600 million years after the Big Bang. The cluster is believed to be a protocluster, with galaxies expected to merge and form a massive central galaxy.
Researchers discovered a biological pathway that increases the level of chemokine SDF-1, which stimulates cells to move and migrate. The study found that higher levels of this protein can predict who is most likely to develop HUS, allowing for closer monitoring.
Astronomers have pinpointed the most distant galaxy cluster in the early universe, comprising five tiny galaxies 600 million years after the Big Bang. The discovery confirms theoretical understanding of galaxy cluster formation and provides evidence for the hierarchical model of galaxy assembly.
A study analyzing human gut microbes as a complex system reveals patterns corresponding to excess body weight. The researchers found organizational shifts away from a normal state in the gut flora of obese individuals, which may account for their increased energy extraction capacity.
The foundation awarded $156,000 each to 18 new fellows and $100,000 to three Breakthrough Scientists recipients. The awards support novel ideas in cancer research, enabling the nation's most promising young scientists to pursue careers in cancer research.
Researchers at Oregon State University have detected a thermal 'uplift' signal in satellite imagery from the Lop Nor nuclear testing site in China. The change occurred four years after the tests and corresponds to known surface locations above past tests, providing a potential new tool for analyzing the strength of detonation.
A new classification for diagnosing fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV has shown to be as accurate as currently used algorithms, but required no further liver biopsy. The study combined two fibrosis tests, providing a non-invasive and more precise fibrosis diagnosis.
A new study by Rice University illustrates a disconnect between government funding of biomedical research by young investigators and the Nobel Prize standard. The average age of biomedical researchers getting their first grant from the NIH in 2008 was 42, compared to the average age of Nobel winners at 41.
A study published in Hepatology found that older Americans with cirrhosis require twice the amount of informal caregiving and contribute added strain on the healthcare system. The prevalence of cirrhosis is expected to climb in this frail population due to increasing obesity and aging of those with hepatitis C.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed a new method for creating advanced nanomaterials that can convert electricity into different temperatures. The new thermoelectric materials exhibit superior properties and can be produced quickly, easily, and cheaply in large batches using microwave ovens.
A team of researchers has discovered the most distant developing galaxy cluster, approximately 13.1 billion light-years away, using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The cluster is among the brightest galaxies in the early universe and is expected to grow into a massive galactic city.
Research on three-spined sticklebacks reveals that reoccurring infectious diseases influence the frequency of immune genes. This variability helps individuals resist diseases but poses a challenge for organ transplants. In contrast, the variation in human HLA alleles enhances mating choices by providing optimal gene combinations.
A long-term study found elevated mortality rates among individuals who experienced venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism compared to controls. The research, published in PLoS Medicine, underscores the major consequences of venous thrombosis on both morbidity and mortality.
The study analyzes the impact of the 2001 Doha Declaration on compulsory licensing of pharmaceuticals, highlighting a need for systematic evaluation of global health agreements. The authors investigated trends in compulsory licensing since 1995 and found significant changes in response to the declaration.
The IUPUI-launched Institute for Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science aims to train a new generation of researchers to identify and solve scientific issues. The institute focuses on areas such as drug delivery, pollution, and brain mapping, using mathematical modeling and computational science approaches.
Dr. C. Noel Bairey Merz will receive the inaugural Journal of Women's Health Award for her exceptional work in advancing women's health research. Her research focuses on women and heart disease, mental stress and heart disease, exercise, and nutrition in heart disease.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that occasional marijuana use is not associated with long-term loss of lung function. Marijuana smoke was shown to increase lung air flow rates and capacity, but only up to moderately high levels of use.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have discovered a link between inositol phosphate signalling and histone deacetylase enzymes, which play a key role in regulating gene expression. This finding has significant implications for the therapeutic intervention of certain types of cancer.
Two studies by USC Marshall School of Business professor Scott Wiltermuth found that synchronized physical activities can foster aggression and obedience, potentially leading to destructive outcomes. Participants who moved in sync with their groups or authority figures performed better in tasks that involved harming others.
Scientists at Virginia Tech have discovered a novel antiviral immune pathway in culicine mosquitoes, which produces virus-derived small RNAs similar to piwi-interacting RNAs. This finding suggests a robust immune system, but understanding how viruses overcome it remains an open challenge.
Researchers studied a galaxy cluster 5 billion light years away, finding that it has passed through each other without collision. The study revealed that most of the dark matter had also passed through, but gas clouds collided, creating a huge cloud of superheated gas.
A Concordia University study found that adults in Canada, especially those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, do not consume enough fruits and vegetables. Quebecers, on the other hand, tend to eat more of nature's produce, making them a model for healthy eating habits.
Scientists have revealed the world's deepest known 'black smoker' vents, which may be hotter than 450 °C and are home to thousands of a new shrimp species. The discovery suggests that deep-sea vents may be more widespread around the world than previously thought.
Patients with cirrhosis are more likely to be Hispanic, have lower education, and higher healthcare utilization. They also experience significant functional disability, requiring twice the amount of informal caregiving as non-cirrhotic peers.
Researchers have successfully converted an intrinsically 'blind' receptor molecule into a photoreceptor using molecular genetic techniques. This synthetic construct enables light-controlled activation and may potentially be used to restore sight in patients suffering from certain forms of blindness.
A new teaching program improved siblings' knowledge and coping skills, enhancing their adjustment and psychological well-being after a sibling's cancer diagnosis. The pilot study showed promising results, with the intervention group showing better improvement in psychological well-being.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital successfully test a controllable endoscopic capsule that can 'swim' through the body. The capsule is equipped with a camera and can be steered using an MRI machine to photograph specific areas of interest wirelessly.