The study reveals that glaciers in the Tien Shan Mountains have lost between 0.1% and 0.8% of their surface per year, with the largest retreat observed on the periphery near major cities. This affects the seasonal distribution of water, which will exacerbate droughts during summers.
A team of scientists has discovered a method of how carbon is drawn down from the surface of the Southern Ocean to deep waters, utilizing winds, currents, and eddies. This understanding improves knowledge of climate change effects on ocean carbon absorption.
Researchers present SCautz, a hybrid intra-container network for modular datacenters, achieving high throughput and improved fault tolerance. The design combines base Kautz topology with redundant commercial switches, reducing costs while maintaining performance.
Researchers from U of T and KAUST created a solar cell with world-record efficiency of 7.0%, increasing efficiency by 37% over previous records. The breakthrough uses hybrid passivation to improve device efficiency, opening up avenues for further research and improvement.
Researchers create superhydrophobic coatings to repel water and fog from glass and other transparent materials. The coatings offer improved anti-fogging and light transmittance properties, paving the way for clearer windshields, windows, and solar cells.
Researchers have developed a new method for describing extremely complicated shapes, bridging topology and fractals. The persistent homology theory will aid in investigating and describing complex structures found in nature, such as defects in metals and wave froth.
A team of scientists discovered that cloud seeds can pick up molecules even when they don't collide directly with the clusters. The finding has significant implications for understanding atmospheric chemistry processes such as ozone depletion.
Researchers have identified a specific cortical network in the brain that becomes active when lucid dreamers become aware of their dreaming state. This network, including the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar regions, is associated with self-reflective functions and has been linked to consciousness development.
Researchers at Newcastle University have identified a new type of white blood cell that activates a killing immune response to external sources, providing a potential target for vaccines. The discovery could lead to the development of targeted immunotherapies against cancer and infections such as Hepatitis B.
A computer program calibrated to model accurately HIV spread in NYC predicts significant reduction in infection rate with comprehensive intervention strategies. The model simulates individual behavior and transmission networks, providing detailed examination of how interventions affect the epidemic.
A new analysis by Arpad Horvath and Mikhail Chester finds that California's proposed high-speed rail system will reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to cars and air travel. The study, published in Environmental Research Letters, assesses the sustainability of different transportation modes using life-cycle assessments.
Researchers at Drexel University have developed a sensor technology that can detect DNA in liquid samples, allowing for quick identification of harmful cells and bacteria. The 'diving board' sensors use electric current to measure the vibration frequency of a cantilever, enabling sensitive and timely tests.
Researchers found that social norms discourage providing negative feedback, causing people to remain unaware of their own shortcomings. This can lead to overconfidence in areas like comedy, potentially resulting in poor advice or decisions.
A University of Missouri study found that boys showed a preference for faster but more error-prone approaches to solving arithmetic problems. While girls excelled in accuracy earlier on, boys surpassed them by the end of sixth grade due to their willingness to take risks and recall answers from memory.
A new treatment method has been developed to reduce post-surgical scarring in glaucoma patients. The treatment uses a gel containing the anti-scarring drug 5-Fluorouracil, which is time-released over several days, resulting in fewer injections and less hospital visits.
A low-pressure system in the western North Pacific is showing signs of organization, with NASA's Terra satellite capturing an infrared image of the area on July 27. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center has given System 93W a high chance of becoming a tropical depression over the weekend of July 28-29.
A recent study suggests that matching employees and customers based on their personalities can lead to improved service experiences. Empathic relationships between employees and customers are crucial for customer satisfaction and loyalty.
A new method developed by UCLA life scientists can rapidly and reliably assess drought tolerance in plants for diverse species across ecosystems worldwide. The method is based on the turgor loss point and osmotic potential, allowing for fast estimates within 10 minutes per leaf.
A new study found that many heterosexual men with HIV in Canada feel existing programs and services don't meet their needs, due to stigma and lack of support. The study emphasizes the need for more inclusive health care and service initiatives specifically tailored to these men's unique experiences.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center are developing a new treatment for ALS using a combination of stem cells and gene therapy. The grant will fund an 18-patient clinical trial for ALS in four years, with the potential to protect damaged motor neurons and deliver the protein GDNF exactly where it's needed.
A survey of UK medical schools found that physical activity education is sparse or non-existent in their curricula. The authors highlight the importance of promoting physical activity to manage modern non-communicable chronic diseases, citing clinical guidelines that emphasize exercise as a method of treatment.
The Amish population is estimated to be over 251,000, with more than 60% of existing settlements founded since 1990. The community grows rapidly due to high birth rates and limited conversions, leading to predictions of over 1 million Amish and 1,000 settlements by 2050.
A study by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station found that Georgia's forest land area remained stable over the past 50 years, while timber inventory more than doubled. The majority of commercial timberland is privately owned, with individual or family forests making up a significant portion.
Barefoot running, popularized by Abebe Bikila, is not inherently good or bad; proper training and conditioning are key. However, research suggests that it can increase stress fractures and soreness in the calves, while also risking knee and hip injuries similar to those caused by athletic shoes.
Researchers found fluoxetine to be a potent inhibitor of coxsackievirus replication, reducing viral RNA and protein production. The discovery has significant implications for understanding enterovirus replication and potential clinical utility for future treatment.
Researchers from BUSM found a 49% increase in risk for early onset menarche among women who reported childhood sexual abuse, and a 50% increase in risk for late onset menarche among those with severe physical abuse. This study highlights the complex relationship between child abuse and health outcomes.
A study by the University of South Florida College of Nursing found that Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) substantially reduced PTSD symptoms, including depression and anxiety, after just one to four sessions. The therapy uses eye movements to process traumatic memories, resulting in a significant improvement in symptoms.
The Botanical Society of America (BSA) has launched an open-access journal, Applications in Plant Sciences (APPS), to promote the rapid dissemination of new tools and protocols. APPS will be part of BioOne's Open Access Collection, fostering communication within the botanical community to advance plant sciences.
A study published in Veterinary Record compares the athletic abilities of humans and animals, finding that greyhounds, cheetahs, pronghorn antelope, and other species outrun and outmuscle top athletes. Human adaptations for endurance are impressive, but animals excel in speed, strength, and power.
Researchers identified 38 prognostic subnetworks of interacting genes that predict cancer progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The study helps define how CLL evolves over time, becoming more aggressive and deadly.
The BELLA laser system has delivered a petawatt of power in a pulse just 40 femtoseconds long at a pulse rate of one hertz, a world record for laser performance. This achievement enables the creation of compact particle accelerators and tabletop free electron lasers for investigating materials and biological systems.
A landmark HIV treatment-as-prevention study has found that providing antiretroviral treatment to HIV-infected individuals earlier, when their immune systems are healthier, delays AIDS-related health events such as chronic herpes simplex virus and tuberculosis. Earlier treatment is also cost-effective as it increases survival, prevents...
Researchers developed nano-FTIR, combining s-SNOM and FTIR spectroscopy for nanoscale chemical identification and mapping. The technique offers high sensitivity and resolution, making it a unique tool for polymer chemistry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industry.
A study in Swaziland found the national rate of new HIV infections to be 2.38%, comparable to the 2009 estimate of 2.66%. The country's high HIV prevalence may have begun to level off, with prevention and treatment programs taking effect.
A new analysis of the HPTN 052 study results shows that early antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a triple winner: improving patient health, protecting partners, and being very cost-effective. The strategy can increase survival, prevent costly opportunistic infections, and avert early transmissions.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that longer wakefulness rates hinder task performance in visual search tasks. Participants performed slower during nighttime and after prolonged wakefulness.
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston researchers have been awarded a $1.25 million NIH grant to develop lab-grown lung tissue models for biomedical studies. These models could provide significant advantages over animal models, including reduced costs and the ability to study human responses more accurately.
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has awarded five physicians with research grants to promote the advancement of radiation therapy. The Junior Faculty Career Research Training Award and Residents/Fellows in Radiation Oncology Research Seed Grant Award support young researchers in radiation oncology, biology, physics, ...
Higgs excitations have been observed in a two-dimensional quantum gas near absolute zero temperature. The phenomenon, associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking, can lead to coordinated collective motion and is crucial in the Standard Model of Particle Physics.
Theoretical physicist Dima Shepelyansky found that energy flows from large to small scales can be prevented under specific conditions, similar to the way electron currents are stopped in disordered solids. This discovery links chaos theory and turbulence, highlighting a phenomenon where energy threshold plays a crucial role.
A study found that group yoga significantly improved balance in stroke survivors, even after six months post-stroke. The yoga program included modified postures, relaxation, and meditation, and showed clinically meaningful improvements.
Researchers from University of Bonn discover most massive stars form double systems, with over three-quarters orbiting a companion. The study reveals material transfer and merging between stars, challenging previous assumptions about single stars.
Researchers have identified a compound that could prevent damage to the retina in diabetic retinopathy by targeting two important pathways: inflammation and blood vessel weakening. The finding is promising for developing a new therapy.
Researchers found striking similarities between large Martian polygons and deep-sea polygons on Earth, suggesting a common origin. The team believes the Martian polygons were formed in a thick, wet, and weak layer of fine-grained sediments similar to those on Earth, supporting the idea of ancient oceans on Mars.
The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine has awarded $20 million to UCI and StemCells Inc. to advance joint project treating cervical spinal cord injury using human neural stem cells. The funding will support the collection of data necessary to establish human clinical trials in the US.
A UK policy expert warns that the country's welfare reform policies are re-creating conditions that led to the 2007 economic crisis. The critic argues that the dominant political party's emphasis on reducing taxes and rolling back the state will lead to more poverty and economic instability.
A new study associates excess maternal iodine supplementation with congenital hypothyroidism, a condition that can lead to neurocognitive impairments if left untreated. The research highlights the potential hazard of exceeding the safe upper limit for daily iodine ingestion during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Researchers found that breast cancer patients lacking the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB) had a better pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A prospective clinical trial has been initiated at the Kimmel Cancer Center to explore this finding further.
A collaborative research project analyzed raw sewage samples from 19 European cities, providing unique insights into illicit drug use patterns. The study found distinct temporal and spatial patterns in drug use across Europe, with cocaine use higher in Western and Central Europe and ecstasy loads highest in Dutch cities.
Two men with longstanding HIV infections have no detectable traces of HIV after bone marrow transplants, suggesting protection under anti-retroviral therapy. Researchers plan to study additional HIV-positive patients and explore tracing HIV in tissues.
A task force report calls for routine osteoporosis testing and medication treatment for all adults over 50 who experience a fracture, with the goal of reducing hip fractures by 20% by 2020. Fracture liaison services have been shown to significantly improve follow-up assessment and treatment, reducing repeat occurrences.
A recent study published in Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals suggests that high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) should continue to be the initial treatment for patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma. The researchers recommend intensive IL-2 therapy as a viable option, either alone or in combination with newer therapeutic agents.
A team of Harvard researchers has found a connection between climate change, ozone depletion, and an increase in skin cancer incidence. The study suggests that climate change may lead to more damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth's surface, resulting in higher rates of skin cancer. The research also raises concerns abo...
The HPTN 052 study found that early antiretroviral therapy significantly delayed the time to both AIDS and non-AIDS primary events and reduced the overall incidence of clinical events. Immediate ART also decreased the incidence of clinical events likely due to reversal of immune suppression.
A new study suggests that the fin whale population in the Mediterranean Sea is smaller and more limited in distribution than previously estimated. The research highlights the impact of human activity on the species' survival, including collisions with merchant vessels and noise pollution.
Researchers have confirmed the presence of the critically endangered snub-nosed monkey species in China's Yunnan province. The population is estimated to be less than 100 individuals and faces numerous threats due to habitat loss and hunting.
The new SFPV technology allows for the creation of high-quality p-n junctions in semiconductors that are difficult to dope by conventional chemical methods. Researchers demonstrate the effect in configurations using copper oxide and silicon, achieving stable electrically contacted p-n junctions.
Elk and rhinoceros beetles use insulin to grow big horns and attract mates. A study by Michigan State University found that these traits are not handicaps, but rather honest indicators of quality. The research suggests that the males' insulin dependence provides a way for them to show off their strength and suitability as partners.
Researchers develop a technology that tricks the neuromuscular machinery into producing smooth eye movements, allowing individuals with nearly complete limb paralysis to write in cursive. This breakthrough has significant implications for people with ALS and other conditions affecting eye movement control.
Researchers Marco Schmidt and Michael Tomasello found that children as young as 2 years old object to rule-breaking, demonstrating an early understanding of social norms. They also enforce norms only within their own cultural in-group, suggesting a sophisticated calibration of behavior to group identity.