Researchers used a logit regression model that included home advantage to predict Team GB's medal haul, suggesting a total of 46 medals. The formula takes into account past performance, home advantage, and funding.
A team of Australian researchers suggests that a 2.5 million-year-old meteor impact in the Pacific Ocean may have generated a mega-tsunami and plunged the world into the Ice Ages. The Eltanin meteor, up to two kilometers across, crashed into deep water, potentially destabilizing the planet's climate system.
STX209 treatment corrects core aspects of FXS pathophysiology, improving social function in patients. The drug has the potential to significantly improve lives of patients with fragile X syndrome and may also have a positive effect on autism spectrum disorders.
A research team created the first working quantum bit based on a single atom in silicon, representing a major advancement towards ultra-powerful quantum computers. The breakthrough enables the manipulation of data on an electron's spin to form a quantum bit, a fundamental unit of data for quantum computing.
An Indiana University assistant professor will evaluate the effectiveness of a nationwide training program to aid people with impaired vision in making safe street-crossing decisions. The research aims to improve pedestrian safety and quality of life for elderly, visually impaired, or blind individuals.
Researchers developed an Audiobased Environment Simulator to help blind users learn about a new space using only audio cues. Blind participants played the virtual reality game and showed improved navigation skills in real-world environments.
Sheep and goats can be trained to avoid eating olive leaves and grapevines through conditioned taste aversion, which simulates toxic components found in plants. This method reduces the need for pesticides and farming equipment while providing a nutrient-rich agricultural resource.
Research published in PLOS ONE suggests that dyslexia results from phonetic system impairment, not phonological system impairment as previously thought. The study found Hebrew-speaking students had difficulty discriminating between similar speech sounds but retained ability to track abstract patterns.
A multi-university team has developed a powerful laser-powered electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer to study free radicals and nitrogen atoms in diamonds. This innovation allows for high-resolution analysis of tiny molecules, shedding light on their structure and behavior.
Researchers discovered a vital clue to dyslexia's origin, finding that individuals with dyslexia exhibit difficulties in speech perception and extracting phonetic categories. The study, published in PLOS ONE, reveals the phonetic system may be the culprit behind the learning disorder.
Researchers found that faster decision-makers tend to contribute more to a common good, suggesting intuition plays a key role in cooperation. People's moral intuitions also clash when values conflict, highlighting the need for reflection to reconcile differences.
A new Cochrane Review concludes that all countries should consider establishing proper home birth services to provide low-risk pregnant women with informed choice options. Home births in many settings can be as safe as hospital births with fewer interventions and complications, according to the review.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute will collaborate to develop a wearable, pocket-sized device warning firefighters of toxic gases. The sensor aims to reduce line of duty injuries and deaths caused by hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide.
Researchers identified two genomic locations associated with a large number and variety of diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The MHC locus was linked to autoimmune diseases, while the INK4/ARF locus was connected to aging-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and Type II diabetes.
Researchers at UGA have developed a new method for delivering drugs to mitochondria, increasing the effectiveness of cancer, Alzheimer's, and obesity treatments. The approach uses biodegradable nanoparticles to target the 'powerhouse of cells', resulting in improved survival rates for brain cells and reduced fat production.
A recent study published in Neurology found that children who experienced emotional neglect may have a higher risk of stroke in adulthood. The research, which analyzed data from over 1,000 participants, discovered a nearly three-fold increase in stroke risk among those with moderately high levels of childhood emotional neglect.
Researchers have observed dominance relationships among adolescent male chimpanzees in the Ngogo community, a large chimp community in Uganda with over 150 members. The study found that pant grunts are used to calm hostilities and establish dominance hierarchies, which is rare for this age group.
The study on the South Tibetan fault system reveals a minimum displacement of approx. 65 km, suggesting normal faulting played a fundamental role in the Himalayas' evolution. Meanwhile, researchers have discovered glaciation records in the James Bay Lowland, Canada, dating back to 3.5 Ma.
A study found that climate-prediction models excel at predicting global climate trends over 30-year time frames but struggle with shorter time frames and smaller geographical regions. The researchers used historical climate records to evaluate seven computer simulation models, revealing their reliability on different scales.
Research published in Archives of Disease in Childhood found that obese children have blunted ability to identify all five tastes. This may lead them to eat larger quantities of food to register same taste sensation.
A 6,500-year-old human jaw bone with a tooth showing traces of beeswax filling has been discovered, offering evidence of ancient dentistry in Europe. The beeswax was likely applied to reduce pain and sensitivity from a vertical crack in the tooth.
Niger's child mortality rate nearly halves from 226 deaths per 1000 live births to 128 deaths per 1000 live births, with 60,000 children's lives saved in 2009. Low-cost interventions such as insecticide-treated bed nets and vitamin A supplementation contribute to the country's success.
Researchers at Oregon State University found that overgrown algae can bring unwanted pathogens, choke off oxygen, and disrupt helpful bacteria on coral reefs. The study reveals a 'slippery slope to slime' where increased algae growth leads to decreased coral growth rates and altered bacterial communities.
Researchers have successfully developed a stable population of neural crest cells from mice that can differentiate into multiple cell types. This breakthrough enables the study of stem cell biology and human development, as well as potential applications in understanding diseases.
The biobased chemical industry is transitioning towards producing ingredients sold to companies making medicines, detergents, and plastics from basic compounds made from sugar. Six companies have already opened manufacturing plants or will soon, with plans for three more by next year.
A new study suggests that the shape and vibrational characteristics of odorant molecules play a crucial role in our ability to detect different smells. Researchers found that the vibrations of an odorant molecule's chemical bonds contribute to electron transfer, which sends signals to the receptor, enhancing detection.
Researchers sequenced and assembled the Pacific oyster genome, uncovering extensive genes that enable oysters to adapt to environmental stresses. The study also revealed a complex mechanism for shell formation, with diverse proteins playing important roles in matrix construction and modification.
The Scripps Research Institute has received a $20 million grant to research HIV drug resistance and develop new anti-HIV treatments. The HIVE Center will investigate the structure and function of HIV, including how it responds to drugs used in AIDS therapy.
Carbon dioxide released into oceans due to water pollution and air increases may be harming commercial fish populations. A new model predicts that nutrient runoff from fertilizer, human waste, and other pollutants could worsen ocean acidification, impacting species like clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels.
A study published in International Journal of Epidemiology found a strong association between sudden cardiac death and a thin placenta at birth, suggesting impaired fetal development of the autonomic nervous system as a contributing factor. The study also found an independent association with poor educational attainment.
Researchers found that chronic stress predicts greater increases in body weight over time in both black and white girls. However, the negative effect of chronic stress on black girls' weight may explain racial disparities in obesity levels. The study suggests stress may play a role in the obesity epidemic and racial disparities.
A new study analyzing 82 movies with cancer storylines found that characters' chances of survival were often misrepresented. Researchers suggest that Hollywood films should tackle the realities of cancer diagnosis and treatment to raise awareness among patients and healthcare professionals.
A team of researchers analyzed 29 genomes from different generations of E. coli bacteria to understand how they evolved to supplement their traditional diet with citrate. They discovered a three-step process: potentiation, actualization, and refinement, which led to the development of new biological functions.
The University of South Florida has been awarded a $1 million grant by the U.S. Commerce Department to support new web and mobile app ventures, aiming to create hundreds of high-wage jobs in the region. The grant will also help at least 50 Florida-based startup companies secure early-stage funding.
Scientists have developed a revolutionary new lens that is flat and distortion-free, allowing for the creation of ultra-thin devices such as smartphones. The lens uses metallic stripes to focus light and correct distortions, enabling sharper images without the need for complex solutions or multiple lenses.
A new model system explores how cells' functional structures assemble through self-organisation. The study reveals that actin filaments, held together by cross-linking proteins and molecular motors, can rapidly compact into highly ordered fibres.
A study by Gita Johar and Cecile K. Cho found that consumers often compare results to the highest potential outcomes, leading to low satisfaction even when goals are met. However, reminding participants of their original goals reverses this trend, making low performers as satisfied as high performers.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center discovered a biological mechanism that causes brain seizures in mice with molecular disruptions in small neurons called granule cells. Treating epileptic mice with a drug that blocks the mTOR pathway stopped seizures, solidifying the link to the PTEN-mTOR pathway.
The new system uses wind measuring instruments and computational formulas to alert pilots to areas of moderate and severe turbulence. It enables pilots to plan better routes, reducing bumpy rides and flight delays.
Researchers at BIDMC and Diagnostics For All have created a simple and reliable point-of-care liver function test that can be conducted for pennies per test. The device uses a droplet of blood from a finger prick to deliver results in 15 minutes, with greater than 90 percent accuracy compared to the gold standard automated platform test.
The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) is a comprehensive study on aging that will investigate factors affecting health and quality of life in Canadians. The Montreal component, launched by the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, will collect data from 3,000 people between ages 45-85 for a 20-year period.
Research by Carnegie Mellon University neuroscientists reveals that autistic adults exhibit poor response reliability in sensory systems, including vision, hearing, and touch. This fundamental neural characteristic may contribute to behavioral changes and social interactions difficulties in autism.
A team of astronomers has spotted a potentially most distant galaxy ever detected, which existed 500 million years after the Big Bang. The discovery opens up a window into the deepest, remotest epochs of cosmic history, providing insights into the universe's earliest objects and the Dark Ages.
Researchers at NYU have devised a method to reduce afflictions associated with Fragile X syndrome in laboratory mice by targeting the protein synthesis process. The study found improvements in physical attributes and behaviors in FXS mice lacking S6K1, but not uniform reductions in repetitive behaviors.
Neural activity in response to basic sensory information may be unreliable in individuals with autism, leading to a range of behavioral abnormalities. The study suggests that autism could result from fundamental defects in general neural processing.
In Niger, child mortality rates dropped significantly between 1998 and 2009, with deaths per 1,000 live births decreasing from 226 to 128. The country's universal healthcare system and scale-up of insecticide-treated bed nets, vitamin A supplementation, and community-based treatment also contributed to the decline.
Researchers have found malaria in birds in Alaska, predicting the disease's spread due to global warming. The northerly spread may devastate arctic bird species with no resistance.
Scientists have developed a new tantalum nanotube coating that enhances the integration of joint implants with existing bone, promoting improved biocompatibility and reducing the risk of failure. The coating also encourages bone growth and makes the implant more elastic like natural bone.
The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) has initiated an effort to address the use of endoscopy simulators for training and skills assessment. The PIVI committee reviewed current literature on simulator use in endoscopy and assessed data requirements for wider adoption.
The Rasberry Crazy Ant, an invasive species in Texas, has been identified as Nylanderia fulva, which will aid in controlling its spread. The species is now known to be distributed more widely than initially thought and may have invaded all Gulf Coast states.
Researchers propose a new way to restore Africa's depleted soils through 'perenniation,' which combines food crops with trees and perennial plants, reducing the need for artificial inputs and improving soil health.
A US multicenter study showed that 46% of kidney transplant recipients in living donor chains were minorities, contradicting previous fears. The study highlights the potential for expanding donor chains to increase diversity and accessibility for minority patients.
Astronomers have detected a potentially most distant galaxy ever seen, offering a glimpse into the universe's earliest epochs. The galaxy, observed through gravitational lensing, has a redshift of 9.6 and is estimated to be less than 200 million years old.
Researchers employed a high-powered laser to dramatically enhance electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, allowing for the study of tiny molecules at high resolution. This breakthrough will facilitate discoveries in fields such as new drug development and efficient plastic solar cells.
New UNICEF studies emphasize the need to prioritize health services for the poorest populations, showing that focusing on equity can improve health outcomes without sacrificing efficiency. The research reveals significant declines in under-five mortality rates worldwide since 1990, yet challenges remain.
The University of New Hampshire will receive two new instruments, a DNA sequencer and a computer cluster, to advance its genome studies and space science research. The new equipment will enable researchers to study emerging diseases, environmental changes, and space weather with greater precision.
The study reveals that human brains are more similar than different, with the same basic molecular blueprint across individuals. Key findings include regional similarity in biochemistry, homogeneous cortex structure, and widespread gene expression across brain areas.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that decorin, a naturally occurring substance, induces tumor suppressor genes in the surrounding tissue of triple negative breast cancer tumors. This breakthrough may lead to improved therapeutics for metastatic breast cancer.
A new study found that split-dose preparation significantly improved polyp detection rates and adenoma detection rates, as well as the quality of bowel prep and colonoscopy completion rates. This approach involves dividing the preparation into two doses, taken before and after the procedure, to improve patient compliance and efficacy.
A new report highlights the cognitive factors that make misinformation sticky, including the need for cognitive effort to reject information. Effective strategies for debunking or counteracting erroneous beliefs include providing alternative narratives, focusing on facts rather than myths, and considering audience beliefs. Research has...