Scientists have solved the structure of a key protein in the Nipah virus, which could lead to the development of an antiviral drug. The discovery was made by a team at the Scripps Research Institute and found similarities with measles and mumps viruses.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that higher levels of physical fitness lower the risk of having heart attacks and increase survival in those with coronary artery disease. The study included over 9,800 adults with coronary artery disease and showed a 75% lower risk of dying from any cause among the fittest patients.
Researchers at Salk Institute create three-dimensional kidney structures from human stem cells, offering new avenues for studying kidney development and diseases. The breakthrough may lead to the discovery of new drugs targeting human kidney cells.
Research suggests that exposure to specific environmental toxins during pregnancy may increase the risk of congenital heart defects in children. The study found a strong correlation between certain chemicals and rates of congenital heart defects, particularly septal defects and conotruncal defects.
The study reveals that natural fluctuations in the climate system are the primary cause of differences in short and medium-term projections. Despite this, researchers have found ways to make predictions about local climate extremes for certain regions and large areas, highlighting the importance of considering regional variability.
Research shows childhood cancer survivors are more likely to experience premature heart disease and a decline in arterial function, with a 9% decrease in arterial health seen among leukemia survivors who completed chemotherapy. Lifestyle changes can help mitigate these risks.
Researchers developed a stretchy polymer that coats the electrode, binds it together, and spontaneously heals tiny cracks during battery operation. This self-healing coating extends silicon electrodes' lifespan up to 10 times, making them suitable for electric vehicles and cell phones.
The IRIS Registry is a centralized collection and reporting software tool that enables ophthalmologists to statistically analyze their own care, compare it to peers, and pinpoint opportunities for improvement. The database will be populated with data from over 18 million patients by 2016.
A new retinal implant system called the Argus II has shown positive results in helping people with retinitis pigmentosa recognize common objects. The device uses a miniature camera and electrodes to stimulate cells in the retina, creating patterns of light perception.
Research presented at American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2013 found hospitalized children under 18 have lower survival rates during night shifts. Thirty-four percent of children survived after cardiac arrest on day or evening shifts, compared to 11 p.m.-6:59 a.m. where only 34% survived.
The report highlights the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and identifies key areas in which action is urgently needed. The authors call for a fundamental shift in how antibiotics are developed, financed, and prescribed to address this threat.
Researchers found that a one-minute CPR video training improved responsiveness, chest compression depth, rate, and hands-off interval time. The study suggests ultra-brief video training could be an effective universal intervention for improving CPR skills in public venues.
A study found that CPR for 38 minutes or longer can improve a patient's chances of surviving cardiac arrest. Sustaining CPR for this extended period also reduces the risk of severe brain damage and preserves normal brain function.
A study found that residents of major US cities with high levels of air pollution are more likely to be diagnosed with dry eye syndrome. Environmental manipulations such as maintaining humidity and using air filters can help manage the condition.
A retrospective study found that pre-hospital plasma transfusions reduced trauma patient mortality by 8% and improved coagulation status by 40%. Although not statistically significant, survival to hospital discharge also showed a 13% improvement.
A recent case series of serious injuries at the Tough Mudder event highlights the risks associated with extreme sports events. Participants experienced a range of severe injuries, including multiple electrical burns, seizure-induced Todd's paralysis, and face and head trauma.
A team of engineers has accurately modeled the whistling mechanism in a classic stovetop kettle, identifying two-mechanism process of whistle production and potential solutions to noisy plumbing issues. The study's findings reveal that swirling vortices create the siren sound, which could help eliminate annoying noises.
Researchers found that ocean acidification impairs digestion in larvae of the green sea urchin, leading to reduced growth and fertility. The study used novel pH micro-electrode techniques to investigate digestion and digestive enzymes in the larvae.
Research presented at SupplySide West highlights the superiority of whey protein in building and maintaining lean muscle, maintaining weight and aging healthy. Whey protein is a complete protein containing all essential amino acids, with benefits including reducing hunger, improving exercise recovery and reducing muscle loss with aging.
A Stanford study found that dilute bleach baths can impede skin damage caused by aging, excess sun exposure, or radiation therapy. The inexpensive chemical may provide a new way to treat radiation dermatitis, a common side effect of cancer treatment.
Researchers have identified FOX01 as a critical molecule in the wound-healing process, providing a possible new target for pharmaceuticals. The study found that FOX01 plays an integral role in activating key growth factor TGF-β1 and protecting cells against oxidative stress.
The Cardiovascular Institute at Rhode Island Hospital will present 22 abstracts on various aspects of cardiovascular research, including arrhythmias, myocardial function, and electro-mechanical cardiac function. Researchers from the institute are among the largest group of scientists presenting their work at the AHA Scientific Sessions.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new hologram technology using tiny nanoantennas that can control light with unprecedented efficiency. The metasurface, thousands of V-shaped nanoantennas, enables the creation of ultra-efficient devices for sensing, displays and information processing.
A team of scientists found evidence for bromides converting to reactive gases in Martian soil, leading to variable sulfur-chlorine ratios. This could alter existing models of aqueous processes and oxidants on Mars, affecting the search for life. The study also suggests that volatilized halogens may have impacted subsurface distribution.
Studies reveal that comorbidities like diabetes and cardiovascular disease decrease one- and five-year survival rates for breast cancer patients. This indicates the need to reevaluate treatment approaches and optimize care for patients with concurrent diseases.
A recent study identified TRPC5, a molecule that plays a key role in the breakdown of the kidney filter, as a potential therapeutic target for stopping damage. The researchers found that blocking TRPC5 channels can prevent cytoskeletal collapse and subsequent kidney damage.
A new multicenter study emphasizes the importance of a standardized treatment plan for patients with advanced bladder cancer. The research, involving eight Italian centers, found that response rates and outcomes for salvage therapies are dismal, with no clearly established second-line therapy.
A comprehensive analysis of Durban Platform scenarios suggests that climate talks can deliver an outcome consistent with the 2-degree target if global climate action is substantially strengthened. However, delaying action would require higher emission decline rates and larger economic costs.
The DOE has awarded $25.4 million to five leading companies for the development of next-generation supercomputers, advancing exascale computing technology vital to national security and scientific research. The partnerships will focus on designing energy-efficient, high-bandwidth interconnects for future HPC architectures.
Researchers analyzed 143 billion pixels in 654,000 Landsat images to compile maps of forest loss and gain between 2000 and 2012. During this period, 888,000 square miles of forest were lost, while 309,000 square miles regrew.
A new study suggests that treatment of pelvic nodes individualized by including sentinel nodes can be easily integrated into an IMRT-based strategy, correctly covering individual pelvic nodes without nodal recurrence. The study's findings indicate low toxicity and efficacy, justifying further evaluation.
A recent study analyzing 1.6 million results from 46 commonly ordered lab tests found that 30% of tests are probably unnecessary, while equally as many necessary tests may be going unordered. The research suggests that ordering the right tests during initial evaluations can lead to fewer errors and better patient care.
Researchers have found a modified version of a common human dietary supplement to be effective in curing lab animals infected with hookworms. The probiotic was found to be safe and potentially lethal to intestinal worms, offering new hope for treating the disease that affects 1.5 billion people globally.
Two large sunspots, AR1890 and AR1897, are active on the sun, with AR1890 producing significant flares and AR1897 nearing its appearance on Earth-side of the sun. The sun's 11-year activity cycle is increasing towards solar maximum conditions, leading to an uptick in flares.
A new image analysis and segmentation algorithm helps quantify grain sizes in Martian rock and soil images, revealing subtle trends with composition. The semi-automated algorithm provides better consistency across multiple images than human segmentation.
Researchers found that HIV protein Tat alters synaptic connections between nerve cells, leading to neurocognitive impairment in infected patients. The changes appear to be a protective response resulting from the over-excitation of the network by Tat.
Arvin Dar, Ph.D., a structural and chemical biologist at Mount Sinai, is awarded $2.5 million to investigate new targets for interrupting the Ras pathway. The goal is to develop new classes of small molecule drugs that impede cancers.
A new study found that SNAP benefits alone do not significantly improve food security or dietary quality among low-income adults. Despite receiving financial assistance, participants showed little improvement in consuming healthy foods like fruits and vegetables.
Scientists at Oxford University have developed a technique using nanoparticles to investigate the mechanisms underlying 'mystery' cases of infertility. The method involves loading porous silica nanoparticle envelopes with compounds to identify or treat causes of infertility, demonstrating no detrimental effects on sperm function.
Researchers found that antioxidant extracts from spearmint and rosemary reduce deficits in mild cognitive impairment, a precursor to Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests these herbal compounds might have beneficial effects on altering age-associated cognitive decline.
New research reveals a growing concern over tree pests and diseases, which can lead to widespread death of trees and disrupt ecosystem services. The review highlights the need for new approaches to pest management that take into account multiple services and stakeholders.
Comprehensive hypertension programs that coordinate care using multiple resources may lead to better overall blood pressure control. Lifestyle changes for patients were strongly recommended as well. The advisory provides eight principles for developing an effective high blood pressure treatment algorithm.
Scientists discover genetic mechanisms allowing Plasmodium vivax parasite to invade red blood cells, potentially rendering Duffy-negative individuals susceptible to vivax malaria. The research suggests the parasite may be rapidly evolving, increasing the risk for millions of Africans who previously had natural protection.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that two p53 isoforms regulate aging- and tumor-associated replicative senescence in T lymphocytes. Additionally, a new gene therapy approach may not require immunosuppression, as regulatory T cells promote long-term expression.
A study of former elite male athletes found that those who were previously elite athletes had a 28% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. The risk was even higher for endurance sports athletes, with a 61% reduction in risk.
Researchers discovered that selective inhibition of nuclear export protein CRM1 can reactivate tumor suppressor proteins in cells, leading to cancer cell death. This approach shows promise for treating advanced prostate cancers.
Cataract surgery yields significant patient value and economic wealth, saving $123.4 billion over 13 years with a 4,567% financial return on investment. The procedure also improves quality-of-life by 36.2%, enabling individuals to regain independence.
A team of researchers from Australia has discovered a high-altitude species of sedge in Tasmania, Lepidosperma monticola, which is unique to alpine vegetation and the smallest known species of the genus. The new species grows on mountains at elevations above 700m and can be distinguished by its fruit morphology.
The Child Health Improvement through Computer Automation (CHICA) system has improved autism screening rates by identifying at-risk children at the 24-month visit. This personalized and automated patient screening process prompts pediatricians to follow up in needed areas, leading to timely diagnosis and treatment.
A new study from the University of Alberta has identified key tree chemical compounds that play critical roles in the beetle's pheromone production and attraction. The research reveals that adding a volatile tree chemical to bait can increase beetle capture rates, providing hope for quicker monitoring and early detection of infestations.
A new study found that supervised exercise sessions improve cardiopulmonary fitness in an elderly population awaiting radical cystectomy, a common treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The results suggest that preoperative exercise training may reduce postoperative complications and hospital stays.
Despite mandatory calorie postings, customers' purchasing habits and calorie intake remained unchanged. The study, conducted in Philadelphia and Baltimore, found that only a small percentage of customers noticed the labels, leading to minimal behavioral change.
A national study led by Michigan State University scholar finds that course-taking influences teenage friendships. Students in similar academic pursuits form close bonds, and small classes often create opportunities for friendships.
Researchers have discovered a new class of bulk metallic glasses that exhibit enhanced fatigue endurance, thanks to a unique staircase-like fracture mechanism. This breakthrough paves the way for widespread adoption in industries such as smartphones, biomedical implants and aerospace engineering.
Researchers found that two p53 isoforms, Δ133p53 and p53β, play a crucial role in regulating senescence. The study suggests that altering the ratio of these isoforms may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating immunosenescence disorders.
The Population Council showcased new research on developing and increasing access to new contraceptive technologies, expanding access to family planning through innovative financing mechanisms, and promoting gender equity. The council's strengths highlighted opportunities for developing and introducing new contraceptives and expanding ...
Researchers found that quantum effects on MEMS operating conditions have been overestimated, affecting device stability. The study's results indicate changes in stability based on metal coatings and silicon doping levels.
A study led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that combining gemtuzumab ozogamicin with conventional chemotherapy improves the outcome of bone marrow transplantation for some children with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. The treatment helped eliminate minimal residual disease, leading to better patient survival rates.
Scientists have identified two new gorgonian soft coral species in the eastern Pacific, adding to the genus Eugorgia's range. The newly described species, E. beebei and E. mutabilis, exhibit vibrant white coloration, with the latter displaying a unique color-changing ability.
A NASA-led mission called Firefly aims to study lightning and terrestrial gamma ray flashes from space. The instrument will gather data for up to a year, shedding light on the global electric circuit's most critical component.