A new monkey study links impulsivity, rewards, and ADHD medication Ritalin, shedding light on the brain's reward processing mechanism. The study found that methylphenidate improved impulsive behavior in monkeys, but did not eliminate it, suggesting a potential link between the drug and temporal discounting.
Researchers investigated four fundamental mechanisms: TRUS, CTOF, RR, and CT-SIG, which provide principles for designing intelligent SON systems. Bio-inspired algorithms, such as ACO and BeeHive, have shown capabilities in self-optimization and fault-tolerant operations, addressing networking and operational issues.
Research from University of Southampton reveals that nostalgic thoughts increase optimism and self-esteem, providing a positive outlook on the future. The studies also highlight music's role in evoking nostalgia, further supporting its capacity to promote psychological comfort.
Researchers found that South American squirrel monkeys can detect structural dependencies in musical patterns, similar to those found in human languages. This suggests that the ability to process dependencies may have evolved in human cognition along with human language.
The new open access journal Photoacoustics is launched by Elsevier to publish original research and review contributions in the fast-growing field of photoacoustics. The journal aims to capture exciting developments in this highly promising field and contribute to its growth.
A new study found that people's decisions on recognizing faces are dependent on the context, not just repeated exposure. The brain's fusiform face area learns familiar information about faces, while the superior temporal sulcus influences recognition reports based on social context.
A study by researchers from The University of Akron found that increased spirituality in teens undergoing substance abuse treatment is linked to greater likelihood of abstinence, positive social behaviors, and reduced narcissism. This shift was strongest among teens who reported a spiritual identity at discharge.
A new algorithm for automated test construction has been developed to improve the alignment and validity of assessments for the Common Core State Standards. The study found that this approach can provide more accurate measures of student mastery, which is essential for effective instructional time use by school leaders. Additionally, t...
New research found that scorpions choose their strongest defensive behavior based on both physical characteristics and performance measurements. The study also revealed a correlation between scorpion shape, pinch force, and venom strength when defending themselves from predators.
A new study found that hormone therapy has no significant impact on the quality of life for recently menopausal women without hot flashes. Women with moderate to severe hot flashes did experience improvements in sleep and other symptoms, but not overall health or sexual well-being.
A team of astronomers discovered that black hole jets contain ordinary atoms, including nickel and iron, which provide the positive charge. The jets are accelerated to high speeds, with some moving at 66% of the speed of light, revealing new insights into their formation.
Researchers at Scripps Translational Science Institute used wireless health sensors to collect data from meditators, studying the immediate effects of meditation on blood pressure and markers of stress. The study aims to guide better treatments for high blood pressure and other health conditions.
A new gene therapy has shown promising results in reversing heart failure by delivering the SUMO-1 gene directly to the heart. In preclinical testing, the therapy improved cardiac function, reduced heart volumes, and enhanced blood flow compared to other treatments.
BBA Clinical is an open access journal focusing on translating molecular insights into clinical research, particularly in areas like aging, cancer, and neurological diseases. The journal aims to provide a platform for researchers to share findings from clinical trials targeting biochemical pathways and processes.
Researchers have designed a highly sensitive nanosensor using graphene oxide to detect extremely low levels of uranium and plutonium in nuclear waste water. The discovery has significant implications for identifying potential leaks and ensuring environmental and human health safety.
Researchers found that women injured during the premenstrual phase had slower recovery and poorer health one month after injury compared to those injured during other phases. The study suggests that sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone may play a role in concussion outcomes.
Researchers from Penn and Drexel have demonstrated a novel solar cell construction method, which may improve energy absorption efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs. The discovery is based on a material exhibiting the bulk photovoltaic effect, allowing for more efficient harvesting of visible light.
Research found that adolescents with poor parental supervision were more likely to be problem gamblers between ages 16-22. Parental monitoring is a known effective intervention throughout early adolescence and can help prevent future problems with gambling.
Dr. Joshua Yuan's project aims to develop a way for plants to produce terpenoid directly, making it easily accessible as a combustible fuel. The US Energy Department grant will help increase the amount of combustible fuel produced by plants, with the goal of creating a commercially viable product.
New studies uncover the connection between social status and specific brain structures and activity, particularly in the context of social stress. The findings suggest that adult rats living in disrupted environments produce fewer new brain cells, while people with larger social networks have bigger and better-connected brain regions.
Prof. Amnon Cohen, a renowned expert on the Ottoman Empire, was recognized by the Turkish Historical Society as an honorary fellow. He has conducted extensive research on Israel's development under Ottoman rule and served as an advisor to Israeli defense ministers.
CONRAD has developed a new intravaginal ring that combines contraception with HIV-1 and HSV-2 prevention, using levonorgestrel and tenofovir. The ring can remain in the vagina for up to 90 days and shows promising results in preventing infections.
The new guideline recommends individualized weight loss plans including reduced calorie diet, increased physical activity, and behavioral strategies to achieve healthy body weight. Healthcare providers should work with trained professionals to help patients reach a health body weight.
The cloak effectively hides objects from radio waves by radiating an electromagnetic field that cancels out reflections. The system can be scaled up to cloak larger objects and has potential applications in telecommunications and surveillance.
The Alternative Fueling Station Locator App allows iPhone users to select an alternative fuel and find the closest stations within a 30-mile radius. The app draws information from the Clean Cities' Alternative Fuels Data Center, containing over 15,000 alternative fueling stations nationwide.
Researchers identified key factors facilitating or hindering the adoption of shared medical appointments (SMAs) in three physician offices. Successful SMA implementation requires careful planning and effective communication among healthcare providers.
A new textbook sheds light on environmentally friendly technologies that can manage and recycle animal manure effectively and sustainably. The book highlights the need for robust interdisciplinary collaboration among professionals in environmental technology, industrial farm animal production, and agriculture to implement these solutions.
Studies suggest novel therapies for nicotine and heroin addiction are effective, with magnetic stimulation helping smokers quit and reducing rats' motivation to take heroin. Chronic pain also increases the risk of overdose among people with addiction, according to research findings presented at Neuroscience 2013.
Researchers have discovered that the immune system forms in the embryo's yolk sac before blood stem cells, potentially leading to a better understanding of childhood diseases such as leukaemia. The study provides new insights into the development of immune-competent cells and their relationship with blood stem cells.
Researchers from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München elucidated the mode of action of one crucial component of the heart's intrinsic pacemaker, HCN1 channels. These channels control heartbeat and cardiac rhythmicity by regulating ion flow across cell membranes.
Faculty members with NIH grant funding have significantly higher h-index values than those without funding, indicating greater scholarly impact. Higher academic ranks are also associated with increased h-index and NIH funding amounts among NIH-funded faculty members.
A new study reveals a sharp rise in US drug poisoning deaths by county, with both urban and rural areas experiencing significant increases. Rural areas showed a greater percentage increase in death rates, highlighting the need for targeted policies and programs to address this growing public health concern.
A study by CU-Boulder researchers found that using morphine to treat post-operative pain after abdominal surgery can actually prolong recovery time and increase suffering. The scientists discovered that both morphine and the surgery itself activate glial cells, leading to additional pain signals.
The Human Cognition Project is a large-scale research platform that supports both experimental and observational research. Key findings include improved executive function in breast cancer patients and enhanced math skills in individuals with Turner's syndrome after training with Lumosity.
The US healthcare system has shown slow improvement in outcomes despite economic success, trailing peer nations in life expectancy and disease survival. The analysis found that cost increases are driven by price of professional services, not demand for services or population aging.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are working on an exoskeleton that could help geriatric patients regain independence in movement. The device is designed to supplement the user's natural movement, rather than forcing a predetermined motion, and has the potential to benefit patients affected by stroke and paraplegia.
Researchers developed a statistical model that can identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment who are at risk of developing dementia, enabling earlier diagnosis and treatment. The model takes into account various factors such as age, sex, race, and education to provide a more accurate prognosis.
The American Thyroid Association has developed new ethics guidelines specific to the field of thyroidology, addressing ethical dilemmas and questions that arise in patient care. The guidelines provide clear guidance on disclosure of conflicts of interest and professional integrity, offering timely recommendations for endocrine practice.
Researchers found that in regions with limited economic opportunities, stepparents were more likely to neglect their stepchildren, while in areas with greater resources, they treated all children equally. The 'Cinderella effect' is not inevitable, and parental care depends on factors beyond biological relationships.
Researchers have determined the atomic resolution structure of a bacterial nanowire protein, revealing its shape and form suggest ways for electrons to shuttle along the wire. The study's findings could lead to new applications such as bacterial fuel cells, carbon cycling, and biocomputers.
Researchers are exploring the role of innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease, hoping to identify novel therapies. By analyzing gene expression and RNA transcripts, they aim to understand the immune response's impact on the disease.
Researchers at MIT and Boston University discovered that sparsely packed textures on surfaces can hold droplets in place, enabling cooling. This breakthrough has the potential to increase cooling efficiency gains in industries such as nuclear power plants, semiconductors, and electronics.
The SAPC working group has developed three standard contract templates for residential and commercial solar power projects, with the goal of increasing consumer transparency and private-sector investment. The contracts cover residential leases and commercial power purchase agreements, allowing developers to increase business opportunit...
Researchers followed 80 child synesthetes over 4 years, observing development of strong associations for around 50% of graphemes by age 7. The study also found that some children's synesthesia disappears as they grow older, likely due to changes in brain organization.
A team of scientists discovered well-preserved remnants of a complex ecosystem in nearly 3.5 billion-year-old sedimentary rock sequence in Western Australia. Advanced chemical analyses point to a biological origin of the material, suggesting that complex mat-forming microbial communities likely existed almost 3.5 billion years ago.
Researchers found that individuals with low mindfulness scores performed better on tasks requiring implicit learning, suggesting that mindfulness can prevent the development of automatic habits. This finding implies that mindfulness may help individuals avoid forming both positive and negative habits through unconscious processes.
A Mayo Clinic study published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that patients with type 2 diabetes have lower bone material strength, highlighting the need for conventional measurements to be reevaluated. The research suggests potential detrimental effects of poor glucose control on bone quality.
A significant solar flare peaked at 12:14 a.m. EST on Nov. 10, 2013, emitting harmful radiation that disturbed the atmosphere and impacted GPS signals. This X1.1 class flare is part of an active period in the sun's 11-year activity cycle, which has seen several flares since October 23, 2013.
Millimeter-wave imaging technology helps scientists understand and manage plasma instabilities in fusion plasmas. By imaging waves and density fluctuations, researchers can develop strategies to maintain plasma stability and accelerate progress towards a viable new energy source.
Researchers at SDSC are using a Linux cluster built with 16 Raspberry Pi computers to teach children and adults about parallel computing. The system, named Meteor, will be demonstrated at SC13, featuring gaming competitions and interactive presentations.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine are conducting a clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy on tennis elbow. The study compares PRP injections to other treatments, including physical therapy and dry needling, in a blind study to minimize bias.
A study published in Physics in Medicine and Biology found that endorectal balloon placement errors can reduce radiation dose coverage, leading to uneven targeting of cancerous areas. Image guidance is crucial to ensure accurate prostate positioning.
The Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) at Duke University has been awarded a $15 million grant renewal to continue studying the environmental impact of nanoparticles. The research focuses on understanding where nanoparticles accumulate, how they interact with other chemicals, and their effects on ecosystems.
Research from the University of British Columbia found that Canadian print news articles frequently use words that legitimize sexual exploitation and portray victims as 'business' or 'trade'. The study suggests improvements are needed for accurate reporting to avoid perpetuating stereotypes.
Research at UEA found that individual birds arrive at the same time each year, but overall arrival dates are advancing due to climate-driven changes in bird hatching and nesting. This advance is linked to the aging of the bird population, with younger birds migrating earlier as a result.
Cyclone 03A made landfall in east central Somalia on Nov. 11 with sustained winds of tropical-storm force, before moving inland where it is dissipating over eastern Ethiopia. NASA satellites captured images of the storm before and after landfall, showing concentrated thunderstorms around its center.
Researchers developed a tailored pre-transplant therapy approach that significantly improves survival rates for children with Chronic Granulomatous Disease, a rare immune deficiency. The treatment results in a 93% survival rate with minimal adverse reactions, offering new hope for patients.
Researchers found that modulating the hormonal environment makes endometrial cancers more sensitive to PARP inhibitors. In high estrogen environments, tumors did not respond to the therapy due to increased DNA repair capabilities.
The University of Pennsylvania researchers have developed a new tool to direct the assembly of particles and materials using elastic energy. This technique, combined with a new template design, allows for the creation of complex patterns and structures. The team's findings could lead to breakthroughs in fields such as displays, sensors...
The American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology joint clinical practice guideline recommends a heart-healthy diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and healthy oils, while limiting saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium. The guideline also emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity,...