Lindsey Michelle Brier, a University of Houston math sciences major, has been awarded the prestigious Goldwater Scholarship for her research in pharmaceutical chemistry. She plans to pursue a Ph.D. in medicinal chemistry and teach at the university level.
The Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) instrument has been successfully integrated to the MAVEN spacecraft, enabling measurements of Mars' upper atmosphere composition. NGIMS will analyze neutral and ionized gases, providing insights into atmospheric chemistry and potential microbial life.
A recent study found that Adélie penguin populations on Antarctica's Beaufort Island have increased by 84% as ice fields retreated between 1958-2010. The population density within the colony also increased, leading to altered dynamics of the population studied.
Research suggests hormonal changes may precede development of rheumatoid arthritis in men. Men with low testosterone levels were found to be more likely to develop the disease, even after adjusting for other risk factors.
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer has developed a guideline for molecular testing in lung cancer, recommending testing for EGFR and ALK abnormalities in all patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. This approach provides individualized treatment options and improved quality of life for patients.
Researchers have mapped a two-year migration pattern of female white sharks in the Pacific Ocean, revealing widely separated nursery areas. The study highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect these vulnerable animals from commercial fishing and habitat disruption.
A new study published in The FASEB Journal found that PubMed Central's public accessibility of biomedical articles draws readership away from journals, weakening their ability to build communities and communicate research findings. Over time, this effect increases, posing a threat to the perceived value of journal subscriptions.
A new study from the University of Miami School of Business Administration finds that offering free gifts with emotional products can double purchase likelihood, while cognitive products may see a 50% decrease in sales. The research suggests that marketers should consider the type of product and gift when designing promotions.
The Brain Activity Mapping (BAM) Project seeks to develop tools for greater understanding of the brain's intricate networks, potentially leading to treatments for neurological diseases. Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology hold promise for probing the brain at a nanoscale.
A UCLA brain-imaging tool has helped identify early signs of cognitive decline and stroke risk in individuals without dementia symptoms. The study used a brain scan to measure amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, which are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that Green Pea galaxies, compact and highly star-forming, may leak ionizing radiation. This could confirm the prevailing theory of reionization during the Big Bang's early stages.
Volunteers are transcribing decades-old pen strokes from historic log entries to add to the climate record, revealing past weather and climate patterns. The project aims to provide valuable data for scientists studying the Arctic's dramatic melt back.
Researchers identified biochemical changes in cancer cells that render them vulnerable to PARP inhibitors, which showed promise as a novel treatment strategy for cisplatin-resistant cancer. The study found that high levels of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and elevated amounts of poly (ADP-ribosyl) were linked to resistance to cisplatin.
Vermont's aggressive health care reform initiatives offer valuable lessons for other states, including engaging stakeholders, coordinating implementation efforts, and capitalizing on federal financing opportunities. The state's centralized administrative board has resulted in lower costs by eliminating duplication of efforts.
The CTC-iChip system rapidly produces a purified solution of tumor cells for pathological and molecular analysis. This technology enables the analysis of single metastatic cells, providing insights into cancer evolution and metastasis.
A study by Dr. Anne Rhodes found that youth with a history of maltreatment, small neighborhood size, or mental disorder are more likely to repeat suicidal behaviors. The research, published in Child Abuse & Neglect, highlights the importance of assessing these factors to prevent repetition.
Researchers identified rare variants in genes involved with the NMDA receptor network, which regulate brain cell connections and signal transmissions. These findings support the hypothesis that decreased NMDA receptor-mediated nerve-signal transmissions contribute to schizophrenia.
A new study reveals that diversity training programs can create an illusion of corporate fairness, leading people to believe work environments are equitable despite hiring, promotion, or salary inequities. The researchers recommend that companies examine their records to determine the effectiveness of diversity and mentoring programs.
Scientists have directly visualized and tracked the movement of silicon atoms in a graphene sheet, revealing a 'dancing' behavior caused by energy transfer from an electron beam. This breakthrough could lead to new approaches for tuning electronic and optical properties in materials.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine recommends continuous hormone therapy for metastatic prostate cancer, extending lives by months to years. Continuous therapy offers a better alternative to intermittent therapy with fewer side effects.
A NIH study found that stimulating the brain's prefrontal cortex can reduce compulsive cocaine-seeking behavior. The study, conducted in rats, suggests a promising treatment approach for addiction.
Researchers have discovered that stimulating one part of the brain with laser light can wipe away addictive behavior in rats and turn non-addicted rats into compulsive cocaine seekers. The study suggests a new therapy using transcranial magnetic stimulation could be effective for humans, offering hope for treating cocaine addiction.
A new study found that young newlyweds who are satisfied with their marriage tend to gain weight over time, increasing the risk of various health problems. The research suggests that spouses who are satisfied in their relationship may be less motivated to maintain their weight due to a focus on appearance rather than health.
Research reveals that social relationships and pair bonds play a crucial role in shaping the traits of male birds, with extra-pair mating having limited effects on sexual selection. The findings suggest that infidelity may even slow the evolution of sexual dimorphism.
Geoscientist Michele Cooke's study explores fault evolution around bends using a mechanical efficiency approach, dubbed the "Lazy Earth" hypothesis. The findings suggest that the crust behaves in accord with work minimization principles, leading to increased efficiency and the formation of new faults.
The study reveals that turtles activate existing genes in new ways to adapt to oxygen deprivation, which may lead to improved treatments for human heart conditions. The research also highlights the importance of preserving turtle diversity due to their slow evolution rate and declining global populations.
Researchers have discovered a potent physiological anti-angiogenic factor, PEDF, that reverses symptoms of endometriosis and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome without compromising fertility. The injectable protein has shown promising results in pre-clinical studies.
The NIH team developed a nonhuman primate model in December 2012 to study the emerging coronavirus. Clinical signs of the disease appear within 24 hours of infection, including reduced appetite and respiratory issues. The model is helping scientists evaluate potential vaccines and treatments.
Researchers found a significant association between hypertensive diseases during pregnancy and vasomotor symptoms, including hot flashes and night sweats, in middle-aged women. The study of 853 women in the Netherlands suggests a potential biological link between these conditions and cardiovascular disease risk.
A new study uses computer simulation to explore how directional migration influences cooperation levels and population structure. The results show improved cooperation among individuals in dense clusters resembling social cohesion.
PeerJ has launched a new 'preprint server' for the Biological and Medical Sciences, allowing authors to share early drafts and receive feedback. The service aims to facilitate an end-to-end publication process, providing a permanent digital identifier and long-term preservation.
New York Stem Cell Foundation researchers have developed a quantitative protocol to consistently harvest early-reprogrammed cells, resulting in standardized iPS cell lines. This method enables the derivation of 228 individual iPS cell lines, which can be compared to one another for use in drug screens and cell therapies.
Historic records indicate a complex ritual system surrounding shark fishing and making gear from shark teeth. Researchers analyzed 120 ancient weapons, identifying eight shark species, including two previously unknown to the Gilbert Islands, now likely extinct.
Recent studies from Stanford University School of Medicine have found that small portions of amyloid-forming proteins can alleviate symptoms in mice with multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. The research suggests a radical new idea: full-length, amyloid-forming proteins may be produced by the body as protective forces.
A meta-analysis of published evidence found a link between male pattern baldness and an increased risk of coronary heart disease, especially on the crown of the head. Men with extensive vertex baldness were 44% more likely to develop coronary artery disease than those with a full head of hair.
Researchers found that papyrus sedge can absorb toxic matter from abattoir effluent, including nitrogen and phosphorus ions. The study suggests using constructed wetlands with papyrus as a final treatment step to reduce untreated effluent reaching Lake Victoria.
Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem discovered that TNF-a plays a critical role in inducing immune suppression during chronic inflammation. They found that TNF-a directly affects myeloid-derived suppressor cells, leading to impaired host immune responses.
The launch of Animal Biotelemetry aims to provide a forum for discussion on telemetric techniques used in various animal species. Key findings include the two-year migration pattern of female white sharks and the use of UV radiation to prevent infections in tagged animals.
Researchers have discovered a new way to switch magnetism using short laser pulses, achieving speeds of quadrillionths of a second. This breakthrough potentially opens the door to faster memory and logic device speeds, exceeding current gigahertz limits.
Researchers studied ancient sea surface temperatures to understand why the Earth was warmer 4-5 million years ago. They found that current climate models may be missing key processes, which could help improve future predictions if uncovered.
Researchers at Polytechnique Montréal and international partners create a new method for self-doping nanowires, allowing for precise control of electronic properties. This breakthrough enables the development of novel nanoscale devices with tailored shape and composition.
A new study published in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology found that individuals with a focus on security tend to prioritize avoiding low status over maximizing gains. In contrast, those with a growth focus are more likely to pursue higher-value options.
A new study by Purdue University researchers shows that clean-air regulations have reduced acid rain in the US, Europe, and Japan over the past 30 years, but the opposite is true in fast-growing East Asian megacities due to lax antipollution rules or lack of enforcement. The effects of acid rain can propagate through aquatic ecosystems...
Researchers at Georgia State University find chimpanzees can 'think about thinking,' using symbols to recognize their own cognitive states and seek information before responding. This ability challenges the idea of metacognition being unique to humans.
Researchers found that a specific gene's function during adolescent trauma exposure is crucial for developing PTSD. The study suggests targeting the CCKR-2 gene as a potential therapy strategy to prevent or cure PTSD.
Researchers at UBC estimate China's foreign catch is 4.6 million tonnes per year, taken from the waters of at least 90 countries, including 3.1 million tonnes from African waters.
A reformulated version of an anti-HIV gel developed for vaginal use was found safe and acceptable by HIV-negative men and women who used it rectally. The study tested a reduced glycerin formulation of tenofovir gel, which showed promise as a microbicide for preventing or reducing the sexual transmission of HIV from unprotected anal sex.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have developed a method to create three-dimensional anatomical models from CT scans using 3D printing, holding promise for medical professionals and their patients. The technology enables the rapid production of detailed skeletal and soft tissue structures from X-ray CT data.
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) collaboration has released the first published results from its experiment on the International Space Station, measuring the ratio of positrons to electrons in cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. This key finding may eventually provide evidence for the existence of dark matter.
Scientists have transmitted a secure quantum code via satellite, promising secure global communication. The experiment uses quantum states of single light quanta, making data transmission virtually un-hackable.
Scientists have identified two compounds, tacrolimus and astemizole, that show anti-prion activity and promise in treating human prion diseases. Astemizole, an antihistamine, stimulates autophagy, a process involved in protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
The 2013 Arctic sea ice winter extent was the fifth lowest in the past 35 years, reaching 5.82 million square miles. This decline is part of a long-term trend and is associated with increasing greenhouse gases, which affect the radiation type during Arctic winter.
The North American Cordillera is composed of dozens of crustal blocks that were welded onto the continent over 200 million years. A new study clarifies their mode of origin, identifying a previously unknown oceanic plate that contributed to their assembly.
Researchers found that smoking and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls negatively impact bone accrual and may be associated with lower bone mass or osteoporosis. The study suggests these factors have a negative impact on bone health, increasing the risk of fractures in postmenopausal years.
Researchers at NIST and the University of Maryland have developed an optical memory device using a cloud of rubidium atoms, enabling the storage of simple images. The breakthrough demonstrates spatially addressable readout and erasure of an image in the vapor, paving the way for quantum computing applications.
A new Hong Kong-based study suggests that targeting feelings of mental defeat can prevent severe depression, anxiety, and daily activity interference among chronic pain patients. Mental defeat occurs when pain is viewed as an 'enemy' taking over life and autonomy.
Researchers found that 35% of schizophrenia patients in relapse had UTIs, compared to 5% and 3% of stable outpatients and healthy controls. The association suggests that UTIs may trigger schizophrenia relapse.
Researchers from Princeton University have developed a novel framework to project the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet, incorporating uncertainty and expert judgments. This approach provides a comprehensive baseline that can be improved over time, offering a more informative projection of future sea levels.
Researchers from the University of Granada confirmed the effectiveness of a spray containing 1% malic acid in improving xerostomy, or dry mouth, caused by anti-depressant drugs. The study found significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life for patients with this condition.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new method to analyze the chemical composition of exhaled breath, revealing an individual's unique 'breathprint' that stays constant over time. This non-invasive approach holds promise for early disease detection and monitoring, and could potentially replace traditional blood and urine analysis.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that graduate students rated publications with male authors as higher quality than those with female authors. The study also showed that certain research topics were seen as more appropriate for women or men, and that gender bias can impact career opportunities.
Researchers at Lund University have developed a new method to investigate the importance of biomechanical factors in the central nervous system. The study found that when the biomechanical balance is disturbed, as happens in eye diseases such as retinal detachment and glaucoma, the normal function of the retina is lost, resulting in se...
Research published in PLOS ONE reveals that freshwater river dolphins use lower frequency biosonar clicks, but their unique head anatomy may help keep signals focused. This study provides a valuable tool for conservation biologists to prevent species decline and estimate population sizes.
Researchers have identified a key player in the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV, paving the way for potential vaccine discovery. By studying the co-evolution of HIV and an individual's immune response, scientists can identify target proteins to include in vaccines.
Researchers developed a new mathematical tool to determine spacetime's shape from 'sound' pulses caused by quantum fluctuations. This technique connects quantum theory and general relativity via vibrational wavelengths, enabling novel probing of the universe.
Tracking an early immune response, researchers chart a new route for developing a long-sought HIV vaccine that boosts the body's ability to neutralize the virus. The study reveals the co-evolution of antibodies and virus in a person whose immune system mounted a broad attack against the pathogen.
A new form of radiation therapy, BNCT, has been developed by University of Missouri researchers, putting cancer into remission in mice without harmful side effects. The technique targets cancer cells by delivering boron chemicals that shatter and destroy cancer cells from the inside out.
A new study of 1,535 patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer found that taking breaks from hormone-blocking treatments may not be as effective as continuous treatment. The study suggests that patients should be counseled about the potential risks of intermittent therapy if they wish to try it.
A study published in PLOS ONE shows that English speakers can quickly recognize key structures of American Sign Language (ASL) and distinguish syllables from morphemes. However, participants were unable to learn signs that violated the structure of ASL or other known languages.
The monetary cost of dementia in the US is estimated to range from $157 billion to $215 billion annually, surpassing both heart disease and cancer. The majority of costs are associated with institutional and home-based long-term care, rather than medical services.
A team of researchers has found that climate models are too conservative in forecasting tropical changes, as a giant pool of warm water four million years ago suggests. The study, published in Nature, analyzed sea surface temperature records and found that none of the proposed mechanisms can explain the Pliocene era's unique conditions.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have created a material that mimics the squid's beak to make medical devices safer and more comfortable. The new material has a mechanical gradient that acts as a shock absorber, reducing wear and tear on surrounding soft tissues.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center found that microRNA-155 overexpression promotes new blood vessel growth, tumor inflammation, and metastasis in breast cancer. Controlling miR-155 expression could inhibit malignant growth, providing a new avenue of treatment.
Research published in PLOS ONE reveals that Wikipedia users value community interaction more than political affiliations. Despite the increasing divide in U.S. politics, the study found no trends indicating a preference for interacting with like-minded individuals within the Wikipedia community. Instead, users engage with others from d...
A new study by the USC Schaeffer Center and RAND Corporation found that patients with high deductibles pay roughly the same amount as traditionally insured patients for most outpatient services. The study suggests that lack of transparency about medical costs and patient loyalty to primary care physicians hinder price comparison, leadi...
Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of visual impairment in people over 65, affecting over 9.1 million Americans. Regular screening by an ophthalmologist is critical for early detection and treatment.
A recent survey of over 150,000 people reveals a seven-class structure in the UK, with an elite class and a precariat class marked by economic disadvantage. The traditional working class has fallen to 14% of the population, while new classes such as 'new affluent workers' and 'emergent service worker' have emerged.
Researchers identified a stable, specific 'breathprint' unique to each individual, with variations influenced by diet and health conditions. Breath analysis could become a valuable source of clinical information, similar to other bodily fluids.
A Phase 1 clinical trial tested an antisense treatment for ALS, blocking production of a mutated protein that causes the progressive neurodegenerative disease. The treatment was successfully distributed throughout the central nervous system and showed no serious adverse effects.
Researchers envision cell-based therapeutics as a promising approach to treat critical diseases. Cells can adapt and respond better than small-molecule drugs, offering a more predictable treatment option.
A recent study found that disease surveillance and notification systems performed effectively during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. The systems were able to quickly identify the novel viral subtype and trigger national and global pandemic plans.
Researchers at Tufts University found a statistical association between dental anesthesia and missing lower wisdom teeth in children. The study suggests that injecting anesthesia into young children may interrupt the development of wisdom teeth.
Decommissioning of aging nuclear power plants in the US is a long, complex process with significant financial implications. The average age of the 104 nukes in the country is just 34 years, prompting concerns about the costs and safety of decommissioning these facilities.
Researchers tracked increasing melt rates since 1979 but July 2012 event was unusually large, prompting study on low-level clouds. Thin clouds allowed solar energy to pass through, trapping heat and pushing temperatures above freezing, contributing to record-breaking ice melt.
New research reveals that invasive green crabs are helping to restore Cape Cod's distressed salt marshes by filling the void left by declining native predators of sesarma crabs. The study found that green crab presence had a significant deterrent effect on sesarma herbivory, allowing grass regrowth in areas previously depleted.
Researchers successfully created interacting single-atom defects on a silicon surface, producing extended quantum states resembling artificial molecular orbitals. These findings represent an important step toward the fabrication of devices at the single-atom limit for applications such as quantum computing.
A new biochemical study confirms sorghum lacks toxic gluten proteins, making it a viable option for those with celiac disease. Sorghum's high nutritional value and traditional use as food in Africa and India also support its potential benefits.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia collaborates with Pfizer's Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI) to advance pediatric research and development. The partnership aims to identify preclinical research with potential applications for innovative treatments, with a focus on translating scientific insights into bedside therapies.
Scientists have successfully controlled the flow of electrons within layers of a superconductor using terahertz flashes. This technique enables precise switching on and off of superconductivity, paving the way for new applications in information processing.
A new rapid water-quality test could prevent unnecessary beach closures while better protecting the health of swimmers. The test's same-day results can help managers across the country determine whether beaches are safe for recreational use.