A team of chemists used the Jülich supercomputer to simulate chemical reactions and found that beyond a certain force, additional mechanical energy does not significantly accelerate reaction rates. Instead, forces above this threshold can create unfavorable spatial structures that block access to reactant molecules.
A breakthrough discovery by scientists at Integrated Tissue Dynamics LLC has provided a biological rationale for fibromyalgia. Researchers found an increase in sensory nerve fibers around specialized blood vessel structures in the skin of female patients with fibromyalgia, which may be driving the reported symptoms.
Mount Sinai researchers discover that diabetics using glucose meters at appointments have improved disease control. A study found that patients with controlled diabetes had a lower Hemoglobin A1c level compared to those without monitored glucose levels.
Scientists have discovered 16 new species of Lepidium flora in New Zealand, highlighting the urgent need for conservation efforts. The plants' decline is attributed to habitat loss, ecosystem disruption, and over-collection by botanists.
The University of Cincinnati's Center for Environmental Genetics will continue to conduct innovative research on how environmental agents interact with genetic and epigenetic factors to influence disease risk and outcome. The center supports state-of-the-art core facilities and technologies, including bioinformatics, integrative techno...
The average UK salt content of packaged bread fell by 20% from 2001 to 2011, reducing the risk of heart disease and other health problems. Despite this progress, significant variations in salt levels among different products persisted.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute developed a system to track mouse behavior, revealing signs of leadership and a class system in groups of normal mice. In contrast, experiments with autistic-like mice showed little emergence of dominant leaders or social structures.
Researchers found that two proteins affect responses to wakefulness and sleep deprivation. The study suggests that assessing quality of wakefulness before bedtime could lead to new ways of treating sleep disorders.
A low-pressure area has formed near the Philippines and is expected to develop into Tropical Depression 4 in the coming days. The system, named System 91W, is currently located about 355 miles east-southeast of Manila and is moving northwards.
Research suggests prenatal BPA exposure causes increased inflammation in fat tissues after birth, leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome. The study found that prenatal BPA exposure interacts with postnatal diet to modulate inflammatory mechanisms in fat deposits.
A recent study published in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences explores the threat posed by shale gas fracking to biodiversity. The research reveals potential impacts on ecosystems, including salinization of soils, surface waters, and fragmentation of forests.
A study by Michigan State University found that there is a sweet spot – a group size at which the action is most effective. This sweet spot can increase and be more effective until free-riders weigh down the effort's momentum, while small groups can be powerful until individuals become overwhelmed.
Researchers develop a platinum-nickel nano-octahedra material that accelerates hydrogen and oxygen conversion to water, saving 90% of typical platinum usage. The unique atomic structure enhances reactivity while limiting lifetime.
A new minimally invasive procedure called CELS allows doctors to remove large and hard-to-reach polyps while keeping the colon intact. The procedure has been shown to have lower complication rates and shorter hospital stays compared to standard surgery.
A Yale project has made all of Medtronic's clinical trial research data for a bone growth product available for independent reanalysis. The project, known as the Yale University Open Data Access Project (YODA), aims to address the problem of unpublished and selectively published clinical evidence.
A study of 596 parents found significant differences in perceived positive effects of TV viewing between parents of ethnically/racially diverse children and non-Hispanic white children. Children watched an average of 462 minutes of TV per week, with African American kids watching more than other racial groups.
A new study in mice finds that low testosterone worsens obesity-related brain damage, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Obese mice with low testosterone showed more body fat, higher blood sugar levels, and poorer glucose tolerance than those with normal testosterone.
A new study from the University of New Hampshire finds that sibling aggression is associated with significantly worse mental health in children and adolescents. The study analyzed data from a national sample of 3,599 children and found that even mild instances of sibling aggression can lead to increased mental health distress.
Researchers at Northwestern University have found a molecular pathway that prevents the death of immature ovarian eggs due to chemotherapy, potentially preserving fertility and endocrine function. Adding a specific chemotherapy drug combination may protect young women's reproductive health during cancer treatment.
A two-year study by Oregon State University and the University of Pittsburgh found that bullfrogs can both carry and die from a deadly chytrid fungus. The research suggests that bullfrogs may not be the primary hosts for this pathogen, contrary to previous assumptions.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine have found that bariatric surgery restores nerve cell properties altered by diet, allowing patients to better regulate digestion. The study may lead to new treatments that mimic the effects of gastric bypass without surgery.
A new study by University of Illinois Chicago researcher Gail Prins found that early exposure to BPA in the developing prostate increases the risk of later prostate cancer. Prostate stem cells become sensitized to estrogen through BPA exposure, making them more susceptible to cancer development.
Researchers identified a new molecular pathway involving the gene ZNF365 that may predict worse outcomes for patients with breast cancer. Abnormalities in this pathway can lead to genomic instability and an increased risk of developing tumors.
A study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers found that active surveillance and watchful waiting are safe alternatives to initial treatment for men with low-risk prostate cancers. These strategies can lead to better quality of life and reduced healthcare costs, with some patients experiencing up to 13 months additional quality-a...
A crowdsourcing project called CrowdHydrology is expanding to four states, asking citizens to monitor stream levels by texting data to researchers. The project helps track the flow of water through a broad region while engaging the public in science that matters daily.
A new subduction zone has been detected off the coast of Portugal, marking the beginning of a cycle that will close the Atlantic Ocean. The Iberian subduction zone will pull Iberia towards the United States over approximately 220 million years.
Hispanic preschoolers and adolescents viewed a high number of food and beverage ads on TV, with fast-food promotions prevalent on Spanish-language channels. The study highlights the need for continued monitoring of food marketing to Hispanic youth due to their higher obesity rates.
A study found that patients taking tasimelteon had a significantly higher rate of re-synchronization of their body clock, leading to improved night-time sleep and reduced daytime drowsiness. The medication addresses the root cause of Non-24 Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder in blind individuals by synchronizing their circadian clock.
Pyrocumulus clouds formed above a New Mexico wildfire, demonstrating their unique characteristics in satellite images. The Silver fire's pyrocumulus cloud reached altitudes of 10-11 kilometers and temperatures up to -45°C.
A team from EPFL has developed a computer algorithm that can create a 3D model of a simple room based on sound picked up by four microphones. The algorithm uses the differences in signal time to calculate distances between microphones, walls, and the sound source.
Two independent studies identified SIM1 mutations in obese patients, revealing a strong link between SIM1 dysfunction and severe obesity. Reduced SIM1 function was associated with increased food intake, altered nervous system dysfunctions, and Prader-Willi-like features.
Researchers at MIT develop approach to print synthetic materials with fracture behavior similar to natural bone, using computer-optimized designs and 3-D printing. The new material exhibits a fracture resistance of up to 22 times larger than its strongest constituent material.
A study reveals significant age disparities in HIV continuum of care, with people under 45 years less likely to be aware of their infection or have a suppressed viral load. Early diagnosis and prompt care are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality, but many patients face barriers to access treatment.
A study at MassGeneral Hospital found significant disparities in the use of specialty services among African-American and Hispanic children with autism. Minority children were less likely to receive subspecialty care or procedures related to gastrointestinal issues, anxiety, or sleep disorders.
Researchers from the University of Illinois Grainger College of Engineering have developed a new process called QuickRec, which allows steps in a process to be retraced to learn where bugs occurred. This prototype is a multicore record and replay system for multithreaded programs, enabling secure and efficient debugging.
Researchers found that customers may desire both revenge and reconciliation after a double service failure, depending on perceived firm motives. Effective ways to reduce negative customer response include explanations of the failure and apologies paired with compensation.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health conclude that community-based approaches are crucial in preventing childhood obesity. The study found that comprehensive interventions incorporating schools and focusing on both diet and physical activity are more effective in preventing obesity in children.
A study by UCSD researchers reveals that MCL-1 promotes normal heart function, but its absence leads to rapid heart failure and cell death. The protein's role in cancer treatment and potential cardiac toxicity are also explored.
A new study by The Endocrine Society finds that early exposure to BPA significantly increases the risk of both prostate cancer and a precancerous condition known as prostate epithelial neoplasia. The study used human prostate stem cells from organ donors to grow prostate tissue in a mouse model.
Scientists from Princeton University and Germany's Max Planck Institute report first experimental evidence of chimera states occurring naturally in a broad range of circumstances. The phenomenon can strike any process that relies on self-emergent synchronization, including clock pendulums, lightning bugs, and heart cells.
A new study in Social Science Quarterly finds that scandal-hit politicians typically don't regain their pre-scandal predicted margins of victory until four to six years after the event. Voter turnout increases following a scandal, but is linked to voters wanting to 'kick the bum out', rather than supporting the incumbent.
A recent review conducted by Oregon Health & Science University found that a bone growth product used in spinal surgeries offers no real benefit over traditional bone grafts and comes with potential harms. The review also identified reporting bias in studies funded by the product's manufacturer, Medtronic.
A new study published in The Endocrine Society's Annual Meeting found that testosterone therapy improved verbal learning and memory in postmenopausal women compared to placebo. Testosterone levels increased with treatment but remained within normal female range, with no major side effects reported.
Researchers identified a genetic translocation that can precipitate disease in adenoid cystic carcinoma, with many disease-associated mutations occurring in genes modifying DNA. Identifying individual mutations will aid in the development of personalized therapy, according to accompanying commentary.
Two independent reviews of rhBMP-2 trial data found no significant benefits and potential increased risks of cancer associated with its use. The studies suggest that patients should be counseled on the relative benefits and harms of each option, as the role of rhBMP-2 in spinal surgery is still being defined.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute developed a new drug, NitroMemantine, that boosts brain synapses lost in Alzheimer's disease. The drug restores synaptic connections between nerve cells, offering new hope for early and late-stage Alzheimer's patients.
The EROI study reveals a range of 64:1 to 112:1, similar to coal, suggesting shale gas is a viable energy source. However, environmental concerns and varying estimates of available gas remain.
A study found that teaching hospitals with higher physician-training activity have lower mortality rates but higher hospitalization readmission rates for key medical diagnoses. Safety-net hospitals serving low-income populations show the greatest disparity in readmissions.
A new study by Dr. Nav Persaud found a significant association between poor eating habits in kids ages three to five and their levels of non-HDL cholesterol, putting them at risk for cardiovascular disease later in life. Parents who allowed their children to snack on junk food and eat while watching TV were more likely to have this risk.
Researchers identified a key brain enzyme, prohormone convertase 2 (PC2), involved in opioid addiction. PC2 regulates endogenous opioids in the brain, leading to increased mu opioid receptor expression.
CNIC researchers have identified a possible treatment to block the deposition of calcium in arterial walls, a key symptom of premature aging disease. Chronic treatment with pyrophosphate inhibits calcium deposition, which is accelerated in mice with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
The study found that the median time to activation of phase 1-2 trials decreased from 541 to 442 days, and for phase 3 trials from 727 to 395 days. The reforms led to faster initiation of NCI-sponsored trials, ultimately benefiting patients in need of new treatments for cancer.
A multidisciplinary approach combining preventive measures and regular monitoring significantly reduced ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) infections in pediatric intensive care patients. The initiative, implemented at Nationwide Children's Hospital, resulted in a 53% drop in VAT cases compared to pre-intervention rates.
The Wayne State University REU program provides funding for 10 students to work with faculty mentors on cutting-edge research projects in astrophysics and particle/nuclear physics. The program aims to give students a real-life research environment and contribute to ongoing research projects.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study found that brain regions tailored to respond to voices are poorly connected to reward-processing circuits in children with high-functioning autism. This weakness may impede their ability to experience speech as pleasurable, contributing to communication deficits.
A study found that diet high in saturated fat increased LD αβ levels, while diet low in saturated fat decreased these fractions. The study suggests that lipidation states of apolipoproteins and amyloid peptides may play a role in AD pathological processes.
Researchers found that latency arbitrage, a common high-frequency trading practice, diminishes profits collectively for both regular investors and high-frequency traders in fragmented markets. They recommend regulatory changes to move to discrete trading, which would lead to more efficient trades and eliminate the latency arms race.
Researchers at University of Helsinki and ETH Zurich have solved the three-dimensional structure of RSV, a common cause of respiratory infection. The structural model provides valuable information for intelligent vaccine design, targeting the virus's fusion protein and matrix protein.
A new study by Prof. Yaniv Konchitchki finds that greater transparency in firms' earnings has a positive effect on the bottom line. The study establishes that transparency of a firm's accounting earnings is a telling indicator of the company's cost of capital and thus its valuation.
A large-scale study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that consuming more red meat over time increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. The research followed over 149,000 participants and documented a 48% elevated risk for those who increased their red meat intake by more than 0.50 servings per day.
The AGA Research Foundation and Horizon Pharma awarded fellow and student abstract prizes to outstanding young researchers presenting at Digestive Disease Week. This year's winners include Jana G. Al Hashash, James D. Canavan, and Anne E. Powell, who received $1,000 awards each.
A new study suggests that testosterone therapy can reduce pain perception and tolerance in men with low testosterone levels caused by opioid pain relievers. The study found significant improvements in pain sensitivity during laboratory pain testing after testosterone administration compared to placebo.
A Kansas State University researcher has received a prestigious fellowship to study mosquitoes and their role in spreading malaria. The goal is to understand how the mosquito's immune system responds to parasites, which could lead to new methods to limit parasite development and potentially find a cure for malaria.
Researchers discovered unique copy-number variants (CNVs) in genes important to neuronal function, affecting 10 families with early-onset Alzheimer's. CNVs were found to be associated with novel gene mutations not previously linked to the disease.
A study of over 3 million Danes found that those admitted to hospital with an infection prior to a mood disorder diagnosis had a 62% increased risk of developing the condition. The immune system's impact on brain function may play a role in this connection.
A UT Arlington study analyzed eight documented cases of drones in journalism, revealing significant issues with privacy and trespassing. The research found that drones are increasingly being used for journalistic purposes, often to capture footage of protests or secretive government activities.
Researchers have developed a vaccine that provides at least 60 percent protection against rotavirus in newborns, significantly reducing severe dehydration and hospitalizations. The study, published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, suggests that early administration of the vaccine could save thousands of lives annually.
A study of 1076 preschool children aged 3-5 years found associations between unhealthy eating behaviors and serum non-HDL cholesterol levels, indicating a potential early link to cardiovascular disease. The research suggests that promoting responsive feeding and healthy eating habits may help reduce the risk.
Research reveals pesticides are responsible for reducing regional biodiversity of invertebrates in streams and rivers by up to 42 percent. The study's findings highlight the urgent need for new concepts linking ecology with ecotoxicology to protect aquatic ecosystems.
A pilot study explores using iPad technology to facilitate remote interpreting for deaf and hard-of-hearing college students. The research found that this technology can enhance student engagement in co-op experiences, but challenges arise from connectivity issues.
A high-fat diet in pregnant monkeys resulted in permanently changed brain cells controlling food intake, leading to increased body weight and preference for fatty foods in their offspring. This study suggests a potential long-term impact on human health.
University of Pittsburgh researchers design a family of ultra-porous materials with potential applications in drug delivery, gas storage, and industrial separations. The materials' high porosity could enable more efficient pharmaceutical delivery into the human body and lower-cost industrial separations.
A large study found that moderate drinking during pregnancy does not seem to affect a child's ability to balance. However, social advantage may be a factor, as more affluent and educated mothers tend to drink more. Better static balance was associated with greater levels of affluence and educational attainment.
Researchers from NYSCF and Columbia University have generated patient-specific beta cells using skin cells from MODY patients. These cells accurately reflect the features of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and can be used to develop new therapies for the disease. The study's findings demonstrate a critical proof-of-principl...
A new study published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation found that elderly patients can benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) just like younger individuals. The study of 5,399 patients revealed that older patients were as likely to experience life-threatening electrical shocks but had higher ra...
International Economics is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers on various topics in international economics. The journal is dedicated to advancing our understanding of global economic relationships and the world economy.
Researchers will develop tools to leverage cancer genomics data, enabling clinically useful predictions and comparisons between algorithms. The Biomedical Evidence Graph (BMEG) database will store interpretive information derived from raw sequence data.
Researchers treated wild mice for a gut worm infection and found that treating one bug allowed other infections to flourish. The study suggests that co-existing infections can compete with each other and alter disease progression.
Researchers at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) have developed a novel method to synthesize hierarchically nanoporous frameworks of nanocrystalline metal oxides for CO2 adsorption. The material exhibits exceptionally high CO2 adsorption capacity, offering a potential solution to environmental pollution.
A new anti-tuberculosis compound has shown powerful activity against ordinary active TB bacteria, non-replicating TB bacteria, and extensively drug-resistant strains. The compound works in two different ways, targeting TB replication and dormancy, and shows no toxicity or adverse side effects.
Researchers have found antibodies against the human papillomavirus (HPV) that may help predict individuals at risk of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. The study found that these antibodies were detectable in nearly 35% of patients with cancer, compared to less than 1% of those without cancer.
A new study by researchers from IIASA and CICERO estimates that personal travel impacts the climate, with air travel having the biggest impact per distance traveled. The study suggests that choosing trains, buses, or carpooling can significantly reduce an individual's carbon footprint.
A new drug called pyrvinium pamoate inhibits aggressive prostate cancer resistant to standard drugs by binding to a different site on the AR and inhibiting its activity without preventing androgen binding. This unique mechanism of action has the potential to treat cancers resistant to currently approved therapies.
Researchers found that an antibiotic can trigger its own production, increasing levels by dramatically. This breakthrough could enable faster and more cost-effective production of antibiotics.
Research suggests that people attribute more mind to entities perceived as targets of harm, including robots and corpses. This finding implies that moral intuitions lead to subjective perceptions of minds, which can influence decision-making on contentious issues like animal rights and end-of-life decisions.
Harvard researchers have identified the SALL4 gene as a key player in tumor formation, and have demonstrated that blocking its activity can halt cancer growth. The study provides new hope for treating aggressive forms of leukemia and other cancers.
A team of researchers from the University of Sheffield found that unusual atmospheric jet stream circulation caused the exceptional surface melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet in summer 2012. The analysis revealed a record surface melt extent of over 90%, far exceeding the previous record of 52% in 2010.
A study by McGill University researchers found that blocking the activity of a specific receptor can reverse memory pathology and improve cerebrovascular function in mice with advanced Alzheimer's disease. The treatment also reduced toxic amyloid-beta peptide levels, which contribute to neuronal and vascular dysfunction.
A tropical depression formed in the western Caribbean Sea on June 17, with maximum sustained winds near 35 mph. The center of the depression will move inland over southern Belize before potentially emerging into the Bay of Campeche, where it could strengthen into Tropical Storm Barry.
Researchers found that vitamin D deficiency is linked to early onset of puberty in girls, with 44% having severe deficiencies. Vitamin D supplementation may help delay pubertal onset and progression.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a computational method to tailor the properties of zeolites, a crucial step in producing industrial minerals. The method uses organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) to guide the growth of zeolite crystals and can potentially produce new types of zeolites.
A new study found a link between fetal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and lower levels of insulin-like peptide 3, a key testicular hormone. This could be a co-factor in the development of cryptorchidism, a common birth defect in boys.
A recent study found that the presence of spiders drives up the rate of carbon uptake by plants, while also changing their storage patterns. This effect is linked to the predator-prey relationship between grasshoppers and spiders, highlighting the vital role of predators in regulating the carbon cycle.
A study of over 13,800 children found that those who gained 40% of their birthweight in the first four weeks had a 1.5-point higher IQ by age six compared to those who gained less weight. This suggests a link between rapid brain growth and higher cognitive abilities.
A clinical study found that kisspeptin effectively induces egg maturation in women undergoing IVF treatment, reducing the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The hormone triggers natural reproductive hormone release, resulting in healthy babies.
Researchers tracked 80 commercial honey bee colonies over 10 months and found that those with queens who had mated at least seven times were 2.86 times more likely to survive. This suggests that genetic diversity is crucial for the survival of honey bee colonies.
The 'cheetah-cub robot' boasts excellent auto-stabilization characteristics and can run nearly seven times its body length in one second. Its design is based on the meticulous observation of feline leg morphology, featuring springs to reproduce tendons and actuators to replace muscles.
A new study finds desiccated thyroid extract (DTE) to be a safe and effective alternative to standard T4 therapy for hypothyroid patients. DTE caused modest weight loss and nearly half of the study patients preferred it over L-T4.
Saint Louis University researchers developed a technology that can detect new, previously unknown viruses using transcriptome subtraction. The approach eliminates the need for lab-grown tissues or prior knowledge of a virus's origin.
Researchers found gastrointestinal and liver-related GVHD increases risk of death in patients with chronic GVHD. Elevated bilirubin levels, higher gastrointestinal scores, and lower gastrointestinal involvement are associated with increased mortality rates.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University found that mannitol prevents clumps of α-synuclein protein from forming in the brain, a process characteristic of Parkinson's disease. Mannitol has been shown to reduce aggregates of α-synuclein in genetically-altered flies and mice.
A new Case Western Reserve University study reveals that children exposed to domestic violence between ages 3-5 are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior in school. The research found no behavioral differences among these children until they reached school age.
A recent study published by The Laryngoscope journal found that obesity is associated with sensorineural hearing loss across all frequencies in adolescents, with almost twice the likelihood of unilateral low-frequency hearing loss compared to non-obese teens.
The development of mobile-presence medical devices can help fill the void of limited healthcare infrastructure and access to medical professionals in remote locations. Pilot tests have successfully connected obstetricians with pregnant women in Bolivia, enabling real-time monitoring and diagnostic imaging.
A new study suggests that aspirin slows the accumulation of DNA mutations in abnormal cells in Barrett's esophagus, a pre-cancerous condition. This finding implies that aspirin may exert cancer-preventing effects by lowering mutation rates.
Researchers found that medical specialists can identify abnormality in breast and cervical cancer images with high accuracy, outperforming random guessing. However, localizing the issue proves challenging even for experts.
A new study has found that the directed in vitro technique, ICSI, may increase the risk of insulin resistance among children. The study used metabolomics to assess the risk of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome, finding significant differences in 38 metabolites between ICSI and non-ICSI conceived children.
Researchers identified a genetic translocation that can precipitate disease in adenoid cystic carcinoma patients. They also found that variants in the SIM1 gene are associated with severe obesity, while vitamin B3 blocks cyst formation in a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease.
The proposed system, ALFs, uses augmented reality glasses and cell phone symbols to enable immediate and private feedback from students to professors. The system aims to overcome timidity and fear of speaking in class, allowing for more effective lecture classes.
Researchers found that trained Transportation Security Administration (TSA) screening officers were slower than undergraduate students but more accurate in identifying T-shaped arrangements on computer screens. Consistent search patterns freed up brain processing, improving performance.
A study found that combining metformin and liraglutide results in greater weight loss and improvements in body mass index and waist circumference for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. This combination therapy also leads to higher chances of conception, improved pregnancy outcomes and improved metabolic profile.
A study found that exposure to triclocarban during lactation in rats can affect the early development of their offspring. The researchers found that pups exposed to triclocarban were significantly lighter and had a lower survival rate compared to those not exposed.
Coral reefs experience reduced calcification rates due to ocean acidification, making them more vulnerable to erosion and disruption. Corals are unable to fully acclimate to low pH conditions in nature.