A German-American research team identified a sensor protein called MsmS in the microorganism Methanosarcina acetivorans. MsmS may serve as a 'food sensor' to detect energy sources, similar to bacteria but with potential differences in signal transduction systems.
A systematic review found preschool children with confirmed neglect or emotional abuse exhibit aggressive behavior, developmental delay, and poor peer interaction. Early intervention has the potential to change these children's lives by addressing emotional knowledge, cognitive function, and language skills.
Researchers design and fabricate a tiny optical device called an 'antenna-in-box' that can detect and sense individual biomolecules at concentrations similar to those found in the cellular context. The device allows for enhanced single-molecule analysis and has potential applications in early disease diagnosis and molecular visualization.
Scientists at NC State University have discovered the first example of a micro-RNA controlling lignin biosynthesis, which gives wood its strength. The research found that reducing lignin content by over 20% can increase the efficiency of paper and biofuels production.
Researchers developed a new dual agent scan that can differentiate between diabetic foot infection and a non-infectious complication in nerve-damaged joints. The technique combines agents targeting bone cell activity and immune response, allowing doctors to accurately diagnose and rule out unnecessary scans.
Researchers analyzed newly discovered ice-age deposits from Garwood Valley to understand the rise and collapse of Antarctic ice sheets. They also studied the geological history of granite emplacement and glacial evolution in Death Valley, California.
Researchers have found that interferon-beta treatment significantly improves the physical condition of animal models of spinocerebellar ataxia 7, a fatal genetic disorder characterized by coordination problems. The treatment reduces the load of mutant ataxin-7 and leads to increased PML nuclear bodies involved in protein degradation.
Research using MRI scans has identified early changes in the hearts of children who have undergone chemotherapy, allowing for potential preventative therapy. The study used T1 mapping to detect fibrosis and found a correlation with exercise capacity and cumulative dose of anthracyclines.
A joint investigation by BMJ and Channel 4 Dispatches found that evidence of potential harm from new diabetes drugs has not been fully published. This has led to millions of patients worldwide being under-informed about possible risks. Regulators in Europe and the US have faced criticism for their slow response to emerging concerns.
Researchers have sequenced the duck genome and conducted transcriptomic studies to understand the interactive mechanisms between the host and influenza viruses. The study identified novel genes not present in other birds and found alterations in gene expression patterns in response to avian influenza viruses.
Researchers at Michigan State University have developed a new crop modeling system called SALUS to better predict global wheat yields and their impact on the environment. The system integrates multiple crop simulations with improved climate change models, reducing uncertainties and providing more accurate forecasts.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute have identified a protein that is the target of glucocorticoids, which increase red blood cell production in patients with certain types of anemia. The discovery could lead to the development of drugs capable of increasing this protein's production without causing severe side effects.
Scientists at ICFO have developed a method to measure weak forces with sensitivity 50 times higher than previous methods, enabling magnetic resonance imaging of individual molecules. This breakthrough could lead to significant advances in medical imaging and diagnostics.
OCD researchers discovered a mechanism underlying compulsive behaviors in mice, suggesting potential treatments. The study's findings could lead to novel drug development and direct stimulation techniques, including deep brain stimulation.
Maple tree owners can benefit from a new open-access article that provides information on the biology, damage, and management of key pests. The article offers practical integrated pest management (IPM) solutions for each pest, helping to reduce economic and aesthetic value.
A team of researchers created a 3D map of blood vessels in the cerebral cortex, revealing unexpected connections that don't align with neural cell organization. The study's findings have implications for functional brain imaging and our understanding of dementia.
A recent study published in Nature Genetics reveals that self-fertilizing plants like Red Shepherd's Purse accumulate harmful mutations over time, reducing genetic diversity. This can lead to extinction, highlighting the importance of preserving crop genetic variation to avoid yield losses due to mutation accumulation.
Gladstone scientists have mapped the process by which brain cells form long-term memories, revealing how an important protein called Arc regulates neuron activity. The discovery provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying memory formation and may shed light on neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and autism.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have discovered a new way cells communicate with each other using antennae-like structures called primary cilia. This breakthrough sheds light on the causes of debilitating diseases such as heart defects and birth defects, highlighting the importance of TGFβ signalling in fetal development.
Researchers have developed a new coupled numerical hydrodynamic water quality model to simulate dynamic changes in river water quantity and quality. The model was validated in the Luan River Basin, showing accuracy requirements were met for both water level and flow data, as well as water quality characteristics.
A recent study reveals that rare mitochondrial mutations are more prevalent than previously thought, affecting 7.1% of patients with a respiratory chain disorder. Comprehensive analysis of all mitochondrial DNA is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen are investigating which strategies work to improve social cohesion and trust in society. They will compare Denmark with Canada, France, and the UK, examining different understandings of community and their impact on social cohesion.
Researchers investigated the role of mitochondria in adrenoleukodystrophy, a disease causing spinal cord degeneration. They found that a diabetes drug, pioglitazone, halted nerve fibre degeneration by preventing mitochondrial loss and oxidative stress.
McGill researchers used computational tools to examine the solutions immune systems may use to detect small concentrations of foreign antigens in a sea of self-antigens. The study found that almost all solutions shared a common core structure or motif, revealing a surprisingly simple solution related to biochemical adaptation.
A new approach using brain-training computer games is being explored to improve memory and thinking in forensic psychiatry patients, who are considered among the most severely mentally ill. The games may be used with psychotherapy, medication, and other approaches to help these patients restore their competency.
Researchers used optogenetics to re-establish normal behavior in mice with obsessive-compulsive disorder-like symptoms. Light stimulation attenuated compulsive behavior, and the approach may help identify dysfunctional neuron circuits contributing to the disorder.
Researchers predict a higher severity of Amazon fires in 2013, with increased fire activity in states such as Mato Grosso and Pará. The forecast is based on historical fire data from NASA's Terra satellite and sea surface temperature data from NOAA, indicating a risk of widespread fire activity.
A new model explains how pseudogap states form in high-temperature superconductors, featuring two competing electron orders: d-wave superconductivity and quadrupole density wave. This breakthrough sheds light on the high transition temperatures of ceramic copper oxide bonds.
Tropical Storm Andrea's extensive cloud cover blanketed half of the East Coast, with most rain occurring ahead of the storm's center. The storm is expected to produce total rain accumulations of 2-4 inches along the eastern seaboard into coastal Maine.
Researchers have identified a new biomarker for colorectal cancer detection using serum DNA analysis, detecting 87% of all stages of CRC cases. The SDC2 methylation test has high sensitivity and specificity, making it a promising non-invasive alternative to colonoscopy.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara developed a new framework to understand the behavior of charged molecules in ionic liquids. The discovery could lead to more efficient and sustainable battery technologies, with potential applications in electric vehicles.
A new study from the University of Missouri contradicts claims that consuming vegetable oil promotes inflammation in humans. Researchers found no link between linoleic acid consumption and circulating indicators of inflammation.
A team of biomechanics experts at SMU are investigating the forces involved in typical basketball collisions and their relationship to balance and body control. The research aims to estimate 'flopping' forces from video data and potentially enhance video reviews of alleged flopping.
Researchers identified novel FGFR gene fusions across various cancer types, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for patients. The study's findings have the potential to identify actionable mutations that can be treated with precision therapies.
Understory fires in Amazon rainforest cause significant damage, with climate conditions playing a crucial role in determining fire risk. The study reveals that these hidden fires burn at a much slower rate and can destroy up to 50% of the affected area's trees.
University of Illinois researchers create the first bridge between optomechanics and microfluidics, enabling the study of mechanical vibrations in liquids. The technology has potential applications in biosensors, fluid analysis, and optical control of fluid flow.
A new study reveals low uptake of genetic testing for cancer-causing mutations in affected families in France. Despite steady increase in tests for BRCA1/2, MMR mutation testing remains under-used, putting whole families at risk.
A four-year analysis found that mandatory influenza vaccination in a university medical center led to a near-universal vaccination rate, with fewer than 15 employees out of 8,000 choosing termination over vaccination. The policy also enhanced patient and staff safety, resulting in improved outcomes.
A benign bone tumor has been discovered in a 120,000-year-old Neandertal rib fragment, providing a unique link to modern humans. The fibrous dysplasia tumor was identified through advanced imaging techniques and sheds light on the health of ancient human populations.
A diverse landscape of patches, including meadows, young and old forests, and shrub lands, can provide more benefits than a single high-biodiversity patch
Scientists have identified the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of common leiomyomata, a type of benign tumour that affects millions of women. The study suggests that complex chromosomal rearrangements may underlie the development of these tumours, and highlights potential avenues for novel pharmacological treatments.
A study analyzed 275 endoscopes and found 30% to fail cleanliness ratings, with duodenoscopes failing at the highest rate. The study highlights the need for improved cleaning protocols and guidelines to prevent infections.
A study has shown how a relatively young gene can acquire an essential function and become crucial for an organism's survival. Researchers found that the novel essential gene in fruit flies, born via gene duplication, acquired its role through stepwise changes over 15 million years.
The three-spined stickleback exhibits preference for joining shoals of relatives over unfamiliar individuals. Despite exposure to familiar and unfamiliar kin, the fish showed no preference for selecting group members based on familiarity.
Seventy-seven wildfires have been reported in Saskatchewan, with the largest burning over 247 acres. The province's 'observation zone' policy allows fires to burn naturally, reducing suppression costs.
The John Templeton Foundation has awarded UC Riverside an additional $100,000 to support graduate students researching issues related to immortality. The funding will provide four graduate fellowships and a weeklong workshop for young scholars.
A study by UNC Charlotte researchers found that teacher collaboration and professional communities can significantly improve math performance among elementary school students. However, many schools fail to provide such environments, leading to persistent achievement gaps between racial and socioeconomic groups.
A new non-invasive prenatal test detecting fetal DNA in pregnant women's blood accurately identifies Down's syndrome and other genetic abnormalities. Routine screening using this test is superior to current methods, offering a reliable alternative for early detection.
The Brown University School of Public Health and Alpert Medical School will develop and deliver aging-related curricula for hundreds of doctors. The program aims to improve care for older patients by integrating healthy aging into medical specialties.
A new study reveals that medical devices contribute to complications in children with complex medical conditions. The research found that vascular access devices and nervous system devices were the most common types of devices associated with adverse events, which often affected young children under the age of 2.
Biologist Keith Gido is discovering dramatic changes in native fish communities due to the North American drought. River fragmentation and groundwater withdrawals are affecting aquatic systems and native fish species in the Great Plains.
Researchers found over 50% of commercial apple juice samples exceeding patulin limits, with one sample having 162.2 μg/kg. Mycotoxins were also detected in beers, cereals, and products like gofio flour, highlighting the need for better control measures.
Astronomers have discovered a 'dust trap' around a young star that is likely a comet factory, allowing particles to grow from millimetre size to comets. The observations, made using ALMA, reveal a ring of gas with a central hole created by an unseen planet or companion star.
Researchers at Duke University Hospital successfully implanted a bioengineered blood vessel into a kidney dialysis patient, marking the first US clinical trial of this technology. The new vein is an off-the-shelf product engineered using human cells and no biological properties that trigger organ rejection.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Michigan found that parents with heavy TV viewing are more likely to feed their children junk food. Food-secure families' preschoolers have a distorted view of healthy food, and this link is very strong among these households.
Researchers at Mount Sinai have discovered a novel liver progenitor cell that can be differentiated from human embryonic stem cells and produce mature liver cells. This breakthrough discovery has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of liver disease, potentially overcoming the organ shortage issue.
A new MRI study by Brown University researchers reveals that exclusive breastfeeding for at least three months enhances brain development in infants, particularly in areas related to language and emotional function. The study found a 20-30% increase in white matter growth in breastfed babies compared to formula-fed babies.
A Stanford University study reveals that sound waves from earthquakes can reach land tens of minutes before a massive tsunami, potentially providing an early warning. The research identifies a specific acoustic signature that could indicate the presence of a tsunami-generating earthquake, allowing for faster-acting warning systems.
Researchers identified the 'Caldas tear,' a break in a slab separating two subducting plates, which accounts for seismic activity patterns and high-grade mineral deposits. The tear is thought to be caused by the Panama plate's collision with Colombia, resulting in an accumulation of stresses that could trigger strong motion events.
Researchers from CNIO describe how a genetic duplication 500 million years ago led to the evolution of the ASF1b gene, essential for proper cell division and related to breast cancer. The study's findings highlight the importance of studying molecular history to understand gene adaptation in cancer.