Researchers have discovered that carnitine supplements can normalize blood vessel dysfunction associated with congenital heart defects and even prevent damage after corrective surgery. High daily doses of carnitine for the first four weeks of life may also prevent endothelial dysfunction in children with heart defects.
A recent study found that children as young as six years old struggle to read simple bar graphs when they contain pictures, instead focusing on the images rather than their heights. This can lead to incorrect answers and hinder learning. The researchers recommend keeping instructional materials simple to avoid such distractions.
Researchers analyzed starch granules from Neolithic stone tools and found they resembled those of sago-type palms, indicating a reliance on sago palms as a primary food source. The study also suggests that people ate bananas, acorns, and freshwater roots and tubers before rice cultivation began.
A genetic mutation in gene GNAQ on chromosome 9q21 is identified as the cause of Sturge-Weber syndrome and port-wine birthmarks. The discovery opens up new avenues for targeted therapies and offers renewed hope to families affected by the conditions.
The EMAS clinical guide provides recommendations for assessing the endometrium in peri and postmenopausal women to exclude carcinoma of the endometrium and premalignant hyperplasia. Transvaginal ultrasound scanning is used for initial assessment, followed by endometrial biopsy as an outpatient procedure.
Researchers at ETH Zurich successfully demonstrate the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect using microwave photons, showcasing a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics. The experiment offers new possibilities for characterizing radiation sources and may lead to practical applications in quantum communication and information processing.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute found that using a centralized warehouse of patient-donated biological data expedites participant accrual, reduces trial size, saves money, and speeds up test drugs through the drug development pipeline. The study used data from recent clinical trials conducted at Moffitt...
Scientists have developed a new gold-based solder that forms strong, liquid-tight seals when used in laser-welding cuts during intestinal surgery, potentially reducing complications and improving patient outcomes.
A new study published in JAMA finds that the risk of death for children on dialysis has dramatically decreased over time, with a 20% reduction in mortality risk every five years. This improvement is attributed to better pre-dialysis care, advances in dialysis technology, and reduced waiting times for transplants.
Researchers found that transgenic expression of normal CFTR in the intestine of CF pigs eased meconium ileus, a common symptom of CF. Despite this improvement, other CF symptoms persisted, highlighting tissue-specific gene replacement as a potential treatment strategy.
A GWU biologist has created the largest-ever evolutionary family tree for all known snake and lizard groups, covering over 4,000 species. The study, published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, provides a comprehensive classification system for these reptiles.
Research by Sophie Wuerger found that colour perception remains largely unchanged over the years, despite age-related losses in the optical media. The study revealed that certain neural pathways compensate for these losses, allowing colour functions to remain constant across time.
Royal Holloway has been awarded a multi-million pound grant to host a new Centre for Doctoral Training in cyber security, aimed at boosting PhD graduates with relevant skills. The grant will fund ten PhD scholarships and secure industry backing from prominent organisations like IBM and McAfee.
A new study found that roughly half of plastic surgeons use social media tools, with Facebook being the most popular platform. Most respondents saw benefits from using social media, including increased marketing effectiveness and patient referrals.
The AGA's 13th annual special issue focuses on the pancreas, presenting a variety of topics related to exocrine function, endocrine regulation, and clinical manifestations. Key findings highlight the importance of innovative treatments for patients with pancreatic diseases.
Researchers have identified CD8αα+ T cells, which reside long-term in the genital skin and mucosa, suppressing recurring outbreaks of genital herpes. These immune cells play a crucial role in preventing reactivations of the virus, making them a potential target for vaccine development.
A new study from MIT's Marta González and Christian Schneider found that people in Chicago and Paris make secondary trips in a consistent manner, with only 17 out of 1 million possible trip sequences used. This pattern, or 'motif,' indicates that individuals plan ahead and avoid revisiting locations to optimize travel time and distance.
Scientists at the University of Strathclyde have identified the greater wax moth as capable of sensing sound frequencies up to 300kHz, surpassing human and dolphin limitations. This discovery has significant implications for air-coupled ultrasound technology and may lead to advancements in micro-scale acoustic systems.
Research finds significant differences in brain anatomy between males, females, and individuals with dyslexia. The study suggests that dyslexia may manifest differently in each sex, affecting language and sensory processing.
A study published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation found that microRNAs play a crucial role in determining muscle fitness by regulating the switch between slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. The researchers identified specific microRNAs that are elevated in active people, suggesting a potential new target for interventions to ...
R. Graham Cooks receives the Dreyfus Prize for his groundbreaking work on mass spectrometry instrumentation, enabling remote deployment of analytical instruments and transforming fields like pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. This achievement showcases Cooks' innovative spirit and impact on modern science.
A new study reveals that pediatric nurse staffing ratios are significantly associated with hospital readmissions for children with common medical and surgical conditions. Children treated in hospitals meeting a contemporary staffing benchmark of no more than four patients per nurse were less likely to be readmitted within 15-30 days.
Scientists at KIT successfully demonstrated a method to influence the propagation of heat around objects by using specially arranged materials. By creating an annular structure with copper and silicon, they can control how heat flows around hidden areas, making it ideal for applications such as microchips and machines.
A study by North Carolina State University scientists has found that a cannibalistic tadpole's digestive organs can be transformed into those of a carnivorous frog using small molecules, revealing insights into the evolution and development of gut morphology. The research may also lead to better diagnosis and prevention of intestinal b...
Researchers found that pro-factor D, a protein secreted by fat cells in the knee joint, is linked to rheumatoid arthritis. The discovery could lead to new gene therapies to eliminate the protein and prevent disease progression.
Researchers developed a test to predict cerebral malaria progression in children with malaria. Testing patients' blood for HRP2 protein levels can identify those likely to develop life-threatening cerebral malaria, allowing for targeted treatment and improved outcomes.
Engineers have fine-tuned the sensitivity of nano-chemical sensor made from insulating base coated with a graphene sheet to detect trace gas molecules. The study's findings open up new possibilities for modulation and control of chemical sensitivity without compromising graphene's intrinsic properties.
Flexible batteries, powered by polymer electrolytes, are being developed to enable the creation of bendable electronics and transform transportation. These breakthroughs aim to increase battery safety and efficiency, making them suitable for electric vehicles and other applications.
A new biosensor can detect antibiotic resistance in bacteria in just 10-12 minutes, significantly faster than existing methods. This technology targets antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus and has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of superbugs.
Researchers at University of Delaware confirm presence of magnetic field generated by electrons, expanding potential for harnessing spin properties. The finding is significant for developing next-generation spintronic devices and controlling magnetization.
Researchers found that combining tomato and soy foods reduced prostate cancer incidence by 55% compared to eating either food alone. The study suggested that consuming three to four servings of tomato products per week and one to two servings of soy foods daily could help protect against prostate cancer.
Researchers detected a surprising clutch of hydrogen clouds, each as massive as a dwarf galaxy, in the space between M31 and M33. The clouds were found to be traveling through space at velocities similar to their parent galaxies, suggesting they are independent entities.
A new engineered protein from a reaper spider's venom may offer a promising candidate for therapeutic serums or vaccination against other venoms. The protein provides effective protection against the effects of pure spider venom in animal models.
Gene replacement in pigs alleviates intestinal obstruction associated with cystic fibrosis. In contrast, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the removal of synaptic protein ADAM10. These findings provide insight into pathophysiology and suggest tissue-specific gene replacement can alleviate CF symptoms.
A new study found that children with autism perceive motion twice as quickly as their peers, suggesting a fundamental cause for the developmental disorder. This heightened sensitivity to motion may contribute to painful sensory experiences and complex social and behavioral deficits.
Researchers have identified the V5 region of the brain as the site of motion prediction, enabling humans to perceive objects at predicted locations despite visual processing delays. This discovery has implications for understanding and diagnosing disorders affecting motion perception.
ADAM10, a protein that prevents β-amyloid formation, is removed from synapses through association with AP2. This study identifies pathological mechanisms controlling protein localization at the synapse in Alzheimer's disease.
A University of Alberta researcher has discovered that there were four distinct species of ankylosaurs instead of one, shedding new light on the lives of these ancient creatures. The study, published in PLOS ONE, reveals that three of the species coexisted in what is now Dinosaur Provincial Park in southern Alberta.
The study successfully creates a device that detects humidity and pressure using graphene quantum dots, showcasing improved sensing capabilities. By manipulating the distance between the quantum dots, the researchers increased conductivity by 43-fold, enabling more accurate measurements.
Researchers at UCLA, Northwestern University, and the University of Washington have identified the strategy by which bacteria form initial colonies in biofilms. The study reveals that a small number of 'lucky' cells become the elite cells that start the colonies, organizing in a pattern similar to wealth distribution in the US economy.
Researchers at SISSA have devised a trick to speed up the analysis of protein dynamics using computer simulations. By exploiting experimental data and mathematical rules, they reduce simulation times by an order of magnitude, allowing for faster research in this field.
Researchers used bacteriophages to attach to and kill bacteria that form biofilms on implanted devices, reducing antibiotic-resistant infections. The technology shows promise for combating antibiotic-resistant infections and developing bacterial sensing devices.
The article discusses the need for sustainable bioenergy crops by setting a standard. The first precondition is good governance, including environmental groups, to achieve public acceptance. The second precondition is to fortify the producer's sustainability toolbox, including effective tools and baselines. The third precondition is in...
The Canadian Gene Cure Foundation has awarded Dr. Faraz Farooq a $90,000 Champions of Genetics: Building the Next Generation Grant to study Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) in mice, accelerating the research process and potentially leading to new treatments for rare diseases.
A new study found that nearly 97% of obese enrollees met or exceeded the average goal of 5,000 steps a day via an Internet-tracked walking program. This suggests that incentivized wellness programs can encourage healthy behaviors and reduce health costs.
A study published in Medical Mycology found that nearly 5 million asthmatics with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) could significantly benefit from antifungal treatment. Clinical studies have shown a response rate of 60% with oral antifungal drugs, improving symptoms and asthma control.
A recent study published in the Journal of Service Research found that 'hedonizing' a service can increase customers' propensity to choose a flat rate. Researchers discovered that companies can improve customer spending patterns by making services more enjoyable, without negatively affecting willingness to pay.
A new study models iceberg production by Greenland glaciers, finding that fjord shape and terrain below the ice significantly affect their movement. The research suggests that climate change will lead to an average loss of 30-47Gt of ice from these glaciers over the 21st century.
Researchers have found significant amounts of coumarin in US cinnamon products, particularly cassia cinnamon. Coumarin has been linked to liver damage in sensitive individuals, highlighting concerns over food safety.
The discovery of pear-shaped nuclei in exotic atoms may hold the key to understanding the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance. The shape allows for stronger detection of a new interaction that could explain the discrepancy.
Researchers found Fe-60 iron atoms in sediments from ocean cores dating back to 2.2 million years ago, indicating a possible supernova impact on Earth. The discovery suggests that magnetotactic bacteria may have created magnetite crystals containing the radioactive isotope.
A new Red List system has been developed to identify ecosystems at high risk of degradation. The framework assesses multiple symptoms of risk produced by different processes of ecosystem degradation, enabling it to handle a range of different sources of information.
Researchers have discovered a previously unknown link between over-stimulation and brain tissue destruction, pointing to a potential drug target. The study identified NOS1AP as the key protein that links nitric oxide production to cell damage.
Researchers at the University of Iowa found similar PCB concentrations in mothers and children from East Chicago and Columbus Junction, challenging long-held assumptions about urban-rural differences in chemical exposure. The study detected a greater variety of PCBs in the blood of mothers and children in East Chicago, but ultimately s...
A Kaiser Permanente study found that breast cancer patients with strong social relationships, especially positive social interaction, reported improved physical quality of life and reduced pain. Tangible support, such as help with daily tasks, was also crucial for late-stage patients.
A retrospective study found that placing a stent within the aorta facilitated tumor removal and eliminated heart-lung bypass needs. Patients with non-small cell lung carcinomas and sarcomas benefited from this minimally invasive approach.
Researchers have identified key biological changes in people with presymptomatic Huntington's disease, which can predict disease progression and guide treatment trials. Baseline measures from brain imaging were found to be the clearest markers of disease progression beyond age and CAG length.
Researchers identified mutations in two genes involved in cellular metabolism as the cause of a rare syndrome characterized by reproductive failure, cerebellar ataxia, and dementia. The study found that blocking either gene had similar effects on brain development, suggesting they operate in a common pathway.
A new article by Johns Hopkins faculty highlights the importance of advance directives in managing end-of-life care issues and reducing medical costs. Completing an advance directive document can lower end-of-life expenses for Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurance.
Researchers linked early math and reading abilities at age 7 to socioeconomic status in adulthood, with higher skills associated with better jobs, housing, and income. Childhood skills predicted social class a full 35 years later, even after controlling for intelligence, education, and childhood socioeconomic status.
African Americans receive more kidney transplants than other minority groups, but they have fewer live donors, according to a new study. The disparity in live donation may be due to lower numbers of potential donors among African Americans due to higher rates of obesity and diabetes.
A pioneering collaboration aims to develop a 24/7 digital home health assistant to address pressing healthcare issues. The SPHERE project will use non-invasive sensors to monitor patients' health and wellbeing, targeting obesity, depression, stroke, falls, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases.
A comprehensive study by University of Calgary ecologists finds that human activity is deliberately or inadvertently engineering ecosystems, influencing food chains in protected areas and beyond. The results challenge traditional understanding of ecosystem regulation, highlighting the critical role of humans in shaping natural systems.
The National Science Foundation has partnered with Intel and GE to increase the number of new engineering and computer science graduates in the US. The Graduate 10K+ program aims to retain undergraduates in these fields, addressing a chronic shortage of skilled professionals. The $10 million grant will support five-year projects that a...
A team of engineers from Sweden and Spain has developed an electronic nose with 32 sensors that can identify the distinct odors of pears and apples. The device uses metal oxide semiconductors to detect volatile compounds and processes data through classification algorithms.
A new process developed by MIT researchers uses molten oxide electrolysis to produce steel without emitting greenhouse gases, resulting in higher purity metal and potential cost savings. The method could be adapted for production of other metals and alloys with similar advantages.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina will assess three types of blood sugar home testing approaches on patient outcomes in a community-based clinic setting. The study aims to inform better, evidence-based decisions about glucose monitoring for patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin.
Research found distinct brain connectivity patterns for joyous, taunting and tickling laughter, with regions sensitive to social information activated differently. This study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying laughter perception and its implications for cognitive function.
Researchers found that wolves and bears were able to adapt their diets in response to changing environments, allowing them to survive after the last ice age. In contrast, large cats such as saber-toothed cats and cave lions were unable to adjust their diets, leading to their decline.
BIDMC's Dennis P. Wall has developed a new method to diagnose autism in young children quickly and accurately, enabling rapid online assessments. This approach has shown promise in clinical environments, with the potential to improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
A new genomic test helps identify low-risk men suitable for active surveillance, sparing them from unnecessary treatment. The test provides statistically significant and clinically meaningful prognostic information, aiding in determining which men are best suited for active surveillance.
A UT Arlington electrical engineer is working on a $8 million project to increase internet security by using the quantum nature of light to transmit more information over longer distances. The research aims to develop a method that can dramatically increase data transmission capacity and speed without compromising security.
A mathematical model of tumor growth inhibition predicts treatment effect with bevacizumab for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The best metric for predicting overall survival was time to tumor growth, which worked equally well in Western and Chinese patients.
Researchers found that whole walnuts and their extracted oil improve cardiovascular disease risk by favorably affecting vascular health and enhancing the functionality of good cholesterol, HDL. The study suggests that simple dietary changes incorporating walnuts or their oil in a heart-healthy diet may reduce the risk of heart disease.
Physicists develop a guide to calculate energy level changes in atoms under optical tweezers' influence. Fictitious magnetic fields are shown to produce equivalent effects as real external fields.
Thijn Brummelkamp receives the EMBO Gold Medal for his groundbreaking work on genetic analysis of human disease. His RNA interference method has been cited over 3500 times and enables detailed study of human genes involved in diseases like cancer.