Researchers at Binghamton University found that individuals who sleep for shorter periods and go to bed later experience more repetitive negative thoughts. The study suggests that improving sleep timing may be an effective intervention for reducing symptoms of internalizing disorders.
The new federal Open Payments Program database is incomplete, with issues including limited data, vetting, de-identification, and context. Despite these flaws, experts like Dr. Eli Y. Adashi urge patience, as improvements are underway and the site's potential for transparency and oversight is still significant.
The new journal ASCMO addresses the need for an outlet to publish statistical methodology work in climate change and atmospheric/oceanic applications. It will feature accessible articles on scientific advances and statistical methods for interdisciplinary researchers.
Scientists at CSHL have devised an algorithm that improves RNA interference technology harnessing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for effective gene knockdown. The new algorithm, called shERWOOD, was trained on a massive parallel assessment of shRNA potency and can predict the efficacy of new sequences.
A new study suggests that MMP-2 protein plays a signaling role in the immune system, accelerating wound healing in some cases while exacerbating inflammatory diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders. The protein's mechanisms may be leveraged to develop novel treatments for these conditions.
A new, physiologically realistic in vitro model of the pediatric blood-brain barrier has been developed and successfully tested. The model, called B3C, mimics the human BBB's structure and function, and has shown promise for studying neurological diseases and testing novel therapies.
Physicists at the University of Michigan have discovered samarium hexaboride, a topological insulator that could enable quantum computers and other next-generation electronics. The material's properties include rare Dirac electrons with potential applications in qubit development.
Researchers capture highest-resolution protein snapshots with X-ray laser to track structural changes in photosynthetic bacteria upon light exposure. This breakthrough paves the way for studying biologically important molecules at ultrafast timescales.
A York University study found a total of 88,688 pediatric concussions were treated in Ontario between 2003 and 2010. Falls, hockey, and skating injuries were the leading causes of concussion among children and youth.
A new study analyzes past El Niño changes to predict future climate shifts. The research found that natural climate forces such as ice cover and greenhouse gases impact ENSO variability.
Researchers found that gravity limits cell size, with a softer-than-jello actin mesh resisting force. The mesh allows flexibility and rigidity in the cell nucleus to support life.
A recent review of over 150 peer-reviewed studies suggests that exposure to chemicals released during natural gas extraction operations may be harmful to human health, particularly reproductive and developmental health. The review found evidence of adverse effects on fertility, miscarriage, birth defects, and semen quality in humans.
Researchers have successfully created induced neurons that model Alzheimer's disease by starting with fibroblasts taken from skin biopsies. The differentiated cells express normal neuronal markers and proteins associated with the neurodegenerative disorder, including amyloid beta and tau.
Researchers at Salk Institute and Harvard Medical School have identified a neural mechanism in the spinal cord that sends erroneous pain signals to the brain. The discovery provides a key to understanding how chronic pain disorders arise from dysfunctional neural processing, opening doors to potential new treatments.
Researchers have invented a new way to spray solar cells onto flexible surfaces using colloidal quantum dots, improving efficiency and making it easier to manufacture. The spray-on solar cell technology has the potential to power three 100-Watt light bulbs or 24 compact fluorescents on a surface as large as a car roof.
A research team led by UWM physicists used an ultra-short X-ray pulse to produce
Super Typhoon Hagupit is forecast to make landfall in the eastern Philippines bringing heavy rainfall, damaging winds and storm surge. The storm's sustained winds were estimated at over 145 knots (166.8 mph) with heaviest rainfall just southwest of a well-defined eye.
A new technique developed by researchers from the University of Granada has shown that the antioxidant capacity of orange juice is multiplied tenfold compared to traditional analysis methods. This finding suggests that tables on the antioxidant capacities of food products used by dieticians and health authorities must be revised.
A recent study found that malnutrition imposes a significant economic burden of $157 billion per year in the US. The majority of this cost comes from cases of depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary heart disease, and dementia.
Researchers at Forschungszentrum Jülich develop a new method to examine light trapping in solar cells using near-field optical microscopy. They discover that the nature of nanostructures directly affects absorption rates and solar cell efficiency.
A University of Tennessee study finds that plant evolutionary history influences community responses to global change, with native species from the same lineage more effective at sequestering carbon. The research may aid in predicting ecosystem futures and informing conservation efforts.
Studies supporting bilingual advantage are more likely to be published than those contradicting it, potentially skewing the overall understanding of its effects on cognitive function. Researchers call for a critical review of scientific literature to ensure all findings are shared, regardless of outcome.
A saliva test for gum disease has been recognized by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and may be made available 'over-the-counter'. The test aims to predict future damage caused by periodontitis, a common inflammatory oral disease linked to diabetes and heart disease.
A new wireless implantable shunt technology developed by Dr. Ashish Nimgaonkar has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of patients with refractory ascites, a condition where fluid builds up in the abdomen. This technology allows patients to manage their fluid drainage needs at home, significantly improving their quality of life.
Researchers use photoactivatable complementary fluorescent proteins to observe and quantify protein-protein interactions in live cells with single molecule level precision. The technique reveals a surprisingly critical role for a previously uncharacterized EB1 linker region in tracking microtubule plus-ends.
Carmela Abraham, a professor at Boston University School of Medicine, has received the Massachusetts Neuroscience Consortium Award for her research on multiple sclerosis and the life extension protein Klotho. Her work identifies Klotho as a neuroprotective protein that can benefit animal models of Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis.
A team of climate scientists has found that California's drought of 2012-2014 was the worst in 1,200 years. The researchers used tree-ring samples to reconstruct rainfall data back to the 13th century and found that the current period of low precipitation combined with record-high temperatures created severe water shortages.
Researchers found 26% of sporadic ALS patients carry potential mutations in known ALS genes, suggesting genetic errors contribute to significantly more cases. Mutations in multiple genes can accelerate disease onset.
The insula is essential for selecting salient stimuli, and dysfunction can lead to deficits in attention, social, and cognitive processes. Mapping the structure and function of the insular cortex may provide targeted treatments for developmental and degenerative disorders.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to drug screening that could more precisely tailor chemotherapy to a patient's individual blood cancer type. By correcting for the matrix effect, Shin and Mooney believe their approach could identify a subset of drugs that will be more likely to be effective against chronic myeloid leukemias.
Peter Scholze, a leading mathematician at 26, is honored for solving an important special case of the weight-monodromy conjecture. His groundbreaking work on perfectoid spaces has garnered numerous accolades, including the Prix Peccot and SASTRA Ramanujan Prize.
A new system developed at MIT enables pattern-recognition systems to distill what they learn into simple examples, which humans can use to make better decisions. In experiments, human subjects using the system outperformed those using a similar algorithm by over 20 percent.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center show that YK-4-279 prevents tumor growth and spread in mice with prostate cancer harboring a common chromosomal abnormality. The agent targets the ETS fusion, producing new genes that push cancer cells to become more aggressive.
A neural network-based system combines symptom descriptions with digital tongue images for diagnosis, identifying signs of illness such as discoloration and texture changes. The system can detect a range of conditions including common colds, flu, and digestive issues, with potential expansion to include eye images.
Researchers argue that social networking sites can be used to provide timely updates and guidance during emergency situations on campus. The study suggests that these platforms could complement existing emergency notification systems, providing a cost-effective way to reach students and staff.
Researchers found that Golgi fragmentation accelerates APP trafficking and production of toxic Aβ protein in AD. Rescuing the Golgi by blocking cdk5 or GRASP65 reduces Aβ accumulation, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for slowing Alzheimer's progression.
Researchers have developed a new technique to wrap chemotherapy drugs in fatty covers called liposomes, reducing heart damage and improving cardiac function. The study found that the group receiving Myocet had better diastolic and systolic function compared to conventional doxorubicin, with less fibrosis development.
A nationwide survey of American adults reveals that healthy individuals react strongly to hypothetical genetic risk information, wanting to take various actions such as seeking information and managing risk. The study's findings suggest that the experience of living between health and disease is not limited to those already patients.
The University of Exeter has received a £1.1 million grant to fund pioneering research on seasonal weather forecasts across Europe. The team aims to advance current understanding of three key conditions influencing seasonal weather, including the North Atlantic upper-ocean heat content and Arctic sea-ice.
Researchers discover penicillin works by setting in motion a toxic malfunctioning of the cell's wall-building machinery, which depletes cells of resources. This finding could lead to new ways to thwart drug resistance.
A comprehensive genetic study found that more patients with ALS have a genetic origin than previously believed. Patients with mutations in multiple genes experience earlier disease onset. The study suggests that genetics may play a larger role in ALS, potentially affecting over one-third of all cases.
New 3D printing technology could reduce the number of heart surgeries in children with congenital heart disease from up to four to one or two. Doctors can now plan and practice procedures on a detailed, beating heart model before surgery.
Researchers discovered that crosstalk between leukemia cells and stromal cells in the spleen is crucial for cancer growth. Blocking chemokine receptor CXCR5 prevents cancer cell entry and proliferation, identifying new targets for future therapies.
A recent study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology reveals that elite Kenyan runners maintain stable cerebral oxygenation during maximum physical effort, contributing to their success in long-distance races. This stable oxygenation is linked to early lifestyle factors such as prenatal exposure to high altitudes and regular c...
A promising anti-malarial compound, (+)-SJ733, has been identified that rapidly destroys malaria-infected red blood cells by recruiting the immune system. The compound's mechanism of action is expected to slow and suppress development of drug-resistant parasites, making it a potential addition to global malaria eradication efforts.
Researchers at IRCM identified a protein called Miz-1 that controls the activity of p53 tumour suppressor protein, essential for developing immune cells. Without Miz-1, lymphocytes prematurely activate p53 and die, hindering the immune response.
Researchers found that cancer cells and fibroblasts collaborate to invade the basement membrane, a process that begins long before the actual movement of cancer cells. CAFs secrete more proteases and matrix proteins than normal fibroblasts, which helps them remodel the basement membrane.
Researchers discovered that the intestinal immune system controls energy metabolism and can modify intestinal bacteria to prevent obesity and diabetes. By disabling a protein called MyD88, the team showed that mice can lose weight and reduce inflammation.
Researchers discovered that tamoxifen blocks symptoms and progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms by targeting hematopoietic stem cells, potentially leading to effective therapy for certain blood disorders.
A study combining data from 12 British studies found that men are stronger than women after adolescence, but both reach peak strength in their thirties before weakening with age. The research provides reference charts for grip strength at different ages, aiding the identification of weak grip strength and potential health risks.
Liron Bar-Peled's research explores how environmental cues regulate eukaryotic cell growth through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. His work has implications for understanding human diseases such as cancer and primary immune disorders.
A large study found that the benefits of regular low-dose aspirin in healthy women are outweighed by its drawbacks. However, limiting its use to women over 65 may lead to a better balance between risk and benefit. The study involved nearly 30,000 women aged 45 and above.
Researchers found that rising greenhouse gas concentrations played a key role in causing more rainfall in two major regions of Africa, transforming desert into grasslands and savannas. The study validated the Community Climate System Model's predictions for future climate changes in Africa.
Scientists found that El Niño fuels intense hurricanes in the region by altering atmospheric conditions, providing additional energy to tropical cyclones. The study reveals an oceanic pathway bringing heat into the basin two or three seasons after winter peak.
A new image processing technique developed by Disney Research Zurich enables video effects like detailed actor faces despite lighting changes. The local tone mapping method preserves rich visual detail while eliminating ghosting and camera noise.
A genetic variant linked to heavy smoking is associated with lower BMI in current smokers but higher BMI in people who have never smoked. This difference suggests the variant influences BMI via pathways other than smoking.
A group of economists and lawyers recommend updating the Social Cost of Carbon estimate every five years to incorporate the latest research, ensuring its reliability. The authors argue that a single estimate should be maintained and shared by all government agencies to provide consistent climate policies.
A recent study found that modern monitoring systems in hospitals generate an alarming number of false positives, leading to alarm fatigue. The researchers collected data on 461 adults and discovered 88.8% of arrhythmia alarms were false positives, mostly due to algorithmic errors or non-actionable events.
A small group of hunter-gatherers in Southern Africa remained isolated and distinct from other African ethnicities for most of the past 150,000 years. Their genetic history reveals limited gene flow with non-Khoisan populations.
Research team led by Miguel Soares discovered that specific bacterial components in the human gut microbiota can trigger a natural defense mechanism against malaria. High levels of circulating anti-alpha-gal antibodies induced by vaccination are highly protective against malaria transmission.