A study by Gregory Clark and Neil Cummins found that social status is consistently passed down among families over multiple generations, even more strongly than height. The researchers tracked social mobility from 1170 to 2012 using rare English surnames and found little change in social mobility since pre-industrial times.
A recent NIH-sponsored study has identified a superior three-drug regimen for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission during pregnancy and delivery. The findings support World Health Organization guidelines, recommending a triple-drug anti-HIV regimen to all pregnant women with HIV infection.
A new study using satellite data estimated global ship traffic from 1992 to 2012, finding a four-fold increase over the past 20 years. Shipping traffic grew faster in the Indian Ocean, peaking at a rate of 10% per year in 2011.
Researchers discovered that estrogen-producing glial cells play a crucial role in controlling inflammation within hours of brain injury, potentially leading to new therapies. This rapid response could help preserve vital brain function and hasten recovery from brain injuries such as stroke.
The use of insect-resistant maize varieties like Bt hybrids could increase Mexico's maize yields by nearly three times compared to current levels. This technology can effectively control various pests, reducing the environmental impact of chemical insecticides.
A new study demonstrates a significant association between atrial fibrillation (AFib) and lower cognitive function, particularly executive and verbal skills. The study, which used iRhythm Technologies' ZIO Patch to track AFib burden, found that participants with high AFib burden had lower scores in cognitive tests.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have found that injections of cardiac stem cells may help reverse heart damage caused by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, potentially leading to improved heart function and exercise capacity. The study involved laboratory mice infused with cardiac stem cells, which showed marked improvement in hea...
A recent study by Brandeis University professor Nelson Lau reveals that the PIWI pathway, which protects against genetic parasites, has limitations. The pathway's effectiveness is crucial for human fertility and development, yet transposons continue to make up a significant portion of the genome.
Research reveals that major urban hospitals in the US are disproportionately penalized for readmission rates, with Detroit and Newark suffering the nation's highest average penalties. This penalty system may lead to reduced access to care for already vulnerable populations.
Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine found that triclosan causes liver fibrosis and cancer in laboratory mice through molecular mechanisms relevant in humans. Long-term exposure to the chemical may lead to liver toxicity, particularly when combined with other compounds.
A new study found that black children are less likely to be diagnosed with and receive broad-spectrum antibiotics for ear infections compared to white children. This disparity may be due to overtreatment and overdiagnosis in white children, and undertreatment and underdiagnosis in black children.
Researchers at EPFL have identified an alternative part of Abl-kinase on which drugs can bind with reduced risk of drug resistance. This new approach may overcome the problem of tumor drug resistance, offering a potential treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia.
The Disney Research library contains over 50 'feel effects,' including rain, a walking cat, and a beating heart. Novice users can create and share their own haptic effects using the FeelCraft software.
A new study published in the British journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B suggests that increased genetic diversity can limit the spread and severity of viral infections in livestock and endangered species. Researchers found that viruses replicated more slowly and caused less severe disease when transmitted through genetically di...
Researchers found stenospermocarpic black walnut fruit exhibit embryo degeneration, leading to ambered kernels. The study suggests visible embryo degeneration occurs during shell hardening and kernel enlargement.
Researchers at Harvard University have successfully reprogrammed adult cells into insulin-producing beta cells in mice, showing promise for treating both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The study's long-term findings suggest that the newly created cells remain functional over a period of approximately half the animal's normal lifespan.
Researchers from Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences propose a controlled experiment to test the risks and benefits of solar radiation management, aiming to reduce uncertainty in climate engineering. The 'stratospheric perturbation experiment' would involve a tiny amount of material to measure key aspects of atmospheric ...
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have discovered a gene in the kidneys that may contribute to high blood pressure in males. The study, led by Manoocher Soleimani, found that mice with a deficiency in this gene had significantly reduced blood pressure, suggesting its role in regulating salt absorption in the kidney tubule.
A special issue of Medical Care reports on the benefits of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for US military veterans and active duty personnel. The studies suggest that CAM therapies are moderately effective in reducing symptoms of chronic pain, anxiety, PTSD, and depression.
A McGill University Health Centre study found that adopting structured antibiotic time-outs led to decreased antibiotic costs and a small decline in Clostridium difficile infections. The time-out program, which involved regular re-evaluation of treatment strategies, resulted in improved prescribing practices among physicians.
A study published in the American Journal of Managed Care found that automated reminders improved medication adherence by 2 percentage points, with significant reductions in cholesterol levels. The study, which included over 21,000 participants, suggests that even small changes can have a big impact on public health.
The American Society for Horticultural Science has introduced three new ornamental dogwood cultivars with resistance to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew. 'Empire', 'Pam's Mountain Bouquet' and 'Red Steeple' exhibit excellent disease tolerance and desirable traits such as vibrant color and unique foliage.
Researchers at UMass Chan Medical School will explore the molecular basis of Fragile X syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting 1 in 4,000 males and females. They aim to identify therapeutic targets by investigating three molecules that slow down mRNA translation in mice.
A new study by Mount Sinai Heart and CNIC in Spain reveals two waves of heart muscle inflammation after a heart attack, contradicting previous consensus. The researchers discovered the first wave occurs immediately after the attack and subsides, followed by a second wave that arises a week later.
A randomized trial of 900 patients with diabetes found no benefit from routine CT angiography screening for coronary artery disease (CAD) in reducing mortality, heart attacks, or hospitalizations. The study suggests that guideline-directed medical therapy for hypertension and hyperlipidemia is effective in asymptomatic patients with di...
Researchers at the University of Washington have discovered a microbe that enhances plant tolerance to industrial pollutants like phenanthrene. The approach uses probiotic microbes to supplement plant defenses, allowing plants to take up to 25-40% more of the pollutant than untreated plants.
Research shows that fruit fly females combine personal preferences with social information when choosing egg-laying sites. While most follow the group's cue, some females ignore social influence and stick to their own preference. This complex decision-making process is influenced by environment, genetics, and social context.
Researchers used big data analysis to identify crizotinib, a cancer drug, as a possible candidate for a new stent coating. The medication helped prevent stent disease and protected the endothelium without affecting blood vessel lining in mice.
A new study found that offering a $50 cash reward through a lottery-style incentive increased the completion rate of stool tests for colon cancer screening among veterans. The test helps detect early signs of abnormal growths or cancer in the colon and is recommended annually for people over 50.
A new study led by the University of Colorado Boulder found that working night shifts decreases total daily energy expenditure, leading to an increased risk of weight gain and obesity. Researchers discovered that participants burned more fat when sleeping during the day compared to nighttime sleep.
Scientists at the University of Utah have found that iguanas, not known for high-capacity aerobic fitness, have bird-like breathing patterns in their lungs. This discovery bolsters the case that unidirectional airflow evolved long before the first birds, suggesting a common ancestor among lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and dinosaurs.
A systematic review found no significant difference in the prevalence of verbal abuse between men and women, suggesting that societal factors rather than gender play a role. Men are more at risk due to adopting protective attitudes towards women in female-dominated workplaces.
A study refutes past findings that a bad service experience taints a customer for the entire day. Businesses can improve customer attitudes by offering goodwill gestures to dissatisfied customers of other firms.
Researchers identified canyon maple's salt tolerance as a result of its native semiarid woodland habitat. The tree showed better resistance to leaf damage and salinity than bigleaf maple, but was more affected at higher salt concentrations.
Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine developed a way to chemically disguise RNAi drugs so they can enter cells. The technique converts disguised drug precursors into active RNAi drugs that selectively block target protein production in a cell.
Researchers found that bed bugs can acquire and transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causing Chagas disease. The study demonstrated bi-directional transmission of the parasite between mice and bed bugs, highlighting a potential emerging problem.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a novel scanning optical interferometry technique that enables the spatial mapping and visualization of high-order modes of Brownian motions. This breakthrough technology holds promise for multimodal sensing, signal processing, and computing applications.
The ferret genome sequencing study provides insights into the effects of pandemic flu and cystic fibrosis on respiratory tissues. The analysis shows distinct responses in the trachea and lungs to different viruses, shedding light on the course of infection.
A national poll reveals that most parents want strong policies to ensure children in daycare are up-to-date on vaccines. In response to a scenario where 1 in 4 children were not vaccinated, 74% of parents would consider removing their child from the daycare.
Researchers found that altering the p53 gene family causes rapid regression of tumors deficient in or lacking p53. Existing diabetes drugs that impact the same gene-protein pathway might be effective for cancer treatment.
African Americans and Hispanics are less likely to receive effective radiation therapy for early-stage lung cancer, according to a study. The study highlights significant disparities in treatment options based on hospital type and insurance status.
Researchers warn of increased bleeding risk from NSAIDs in atrial fibrillation patients and suggest alternative pain medications. Additionally, a study finds three in ten adults with diabetes remain undiagnosed, highlighting the need for improved care improvements.
Scientists have developed a novel delivery platform that allows for the inhibition of microRNA activity, leading to controlled cancer growth. The breakthrough uses a peptide with low-pH induced transmembrane structure to target tumor cells, providing a promising new model for cancer therapeutics.
A study in a rural Midwestern community found that the new cholesterol guidelines substantially increased the number of individuals who qualify for a statin. The biggest driver of this increase was that a larger number of older individuals without known heart disease qualified for a statin under the new guidelines.
A study found that 'Tete-a-Tete', 'Dutch Master', and 'Ice Follies' daffodils can tolerate high levels of salt without compromising their visual quality. The cultivars demonstrated ability to maintain K+:Na+ ratio above 1, helping them resist negative effects of Na+, making them suitable for cut flower production and landscapes.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation reveals that stenting can induce deleterious blood vessel remodeling due to a specific gene variant. The researchers identify the receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1 as a potential therapeutic target for treating flow-limiting atherosclerosis.
Researchers have discovered that growth factor VEGF-B can regenerate damaged peripheral nerves in the cornea without inducing angiogenesis. This finding suggests that VEGF-B may be a suitable candidate to treat nerve damage in areas where blood vessel formation would be detrimental.
Researchers prove climate change could not have caused population decline in Europe at the end of the Bronze Age. Human activity decline and social stress are likely causes of sudden fall in numbers.
Researchers found that cirmtuzumab induces senescence in cancer stem cells, degrading their ability to grow and metastasize. Ovarian cancer patients with high levels of ROR1 experienced more aggressive forms of the disease, highlighting the potential of this antibody therapy as a targeted treatment.
A new review reveals that anti-cancer drugs must obtain regulatory approval, change physician prescription habits and gain patient compliance before being incorporated into daily practice.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have created magic tricks using artificial intelligence, leveraging mathematical techniques to create new variants. The AI-generated tricks, such as a jigsaw puzzle and mind reading card trick, were well-received by audiences and are now available for download.
Researchers at the University of Michigan School of Public Health found an association between phthalate exposure and increased levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women. Oxidative stress may be related to preterm birth, adverse fetal development, and maternal health complications.
Researchers found that a diet rich in plant-based flavonoids can help regulate the body's immune system response to fine particles in polluted air, potentially reducing the risk of heart disease. Additionally, a low-cost vaccine targeting PCSK9 has been shown to safely lower bad cholesterol levels in animal studies.
A two-year grant funded by the William T. Grant Foundation will examine the impact of private foundation funding on education policy discourse. The study aims to understand how foundation-funded research influences teacher quality and effectiveness policies.
A study published in Nature found that thiazolidinediones, a class of diabetes drugs, work by targeting the CDK5 pathway, but unexpectedly led researchers to discover the ERK kinase instead. MEK inhibitors, initially developed for cancer treatment, have been shown to improve insulin resistance in mouse models of diabetes
The Cigna Foundation has awarded a $100,000 World of Difference grant to NYU College of Nursing to develop a program supporting racial minority and older women with or at risk for heart disease. The program aims to improve self-care behaviors and promote healthy habits through community-based support and social media facilitation.
A new study found that despite choosing healthier options, young children in NYC public schools barely touch their vegetables and whole grains. Only 75% of kids chose lean protein, but only 24% ate a bite of veggies.
Researchers at the University of Michigan discovered a new hormone called NRG4 that serves as a messenger from fat cells to the liver, regulating sugar conversion into fat. Mice with elevated NRG4 levels were protected from metabolic disorders, suggesting its potential as a treatment for obesity and related diseases.
A phase 1/2 study found the combination of weekly ixazomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone to be generally well-tolerated and active in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, resulting in a partial response rate of 92%. The study supports the development of a phase 3 trial for this combination.
Research finds that young larvae emit specific pheromones influencing adult bee behavior, leading to increased pollen collection and reduced foragers returning empty. This discovery could benefit agricultural enterprises by optimizing pollination services through colony management.