A Georgia Institute of Technology study discovered that larger animals urinate in the same time as smaller ones, due to the role of gravity in fluid flow. The research has potential applications in designing more efficient water systems and products, such as better-engineered tanks and fire hoses.
The US saw a dramatic slowdown in healthcare spending growth between 2000 and 2011, aligning with other high-spending countries. However, the authors warn that future economic recovery could reverse this progress, highlighting the need for measures to control healthcare costs.
A new study found that HIV-infected people diagnosed with early-stage cancer are two to four times more likely to receive inadequate treatment. The research suggests that a lack of clinical trial data and guidelines on treating HIV patients with cancer may contribute to this disparity.
Israeli scientists developed a method to generate single-sex populations of prawns using gene silencing technology. This can boost commercial farm productivity and control invasive species. Non-reproducing prawns could also be used as sustainable bio-control agents against diseases and pests.
Researchers developed a drug-delivery system that targets bone cancer cells, reducing growth and prolonging survival in mice. The nanoparticles also stimulated healthy bone tissue growth, increasing strength and volume.
Researchers question long-held theory that Northern Europeans developed light skin for vitamin D production. Instead, genetic mutations compromising the skin's barrier function enabled survival at higher latitudes. High rates of filaggrin mutations in Northern European populations correlate with increased vitamin D levels.
A Princeton University study of 7,000 Indonesian families found that increasing temperatures, rather than natural disasters, lead to permanent migration. The researchers discovered that a one-degree increase in temperature can result in a significant decline in household assets and economic wellbeing.
A recent study by UC Davis found that videoconferencing with family and friends significantly reduced patient stress among pediatric patients. The study showed that access to video conferencing technology improved outcomes for children during long hospital stays.
A study by Empa found that silver-coated textiles release hardly any nano-particles during washing, unlike conventional coatings. The team also discovered that these textiles generally lose less silver during washing due to the smaller amount of silver incorporated into fabric with nano-coating.
A recent study found that even low levels of lead in children's blood are associated with increased risk of behavioral and emotional problems. As blood lead levels increase, so do the problems, highlighting the importance of reducing lead exposure in children.
A new biosensor at the University of British Columbia helps optimize bio-refining processes by sniffing out bacterial networks that break down wood polymer. The discovery could lead to more tunable industrial processes and unlock the potential of lignin, a promising feedstock.
Scientists have discovered a density wave structure in copper-oxide high-temperature superconductors, shedding light on their exotic properties. The breakthrough could lead to significant improvements in electricity delivery and technology.
The 2014 SNMMI Annual Meeting showcased over 100 scientific sessions, 750 oral presentations, and 1,155 posters on molecular imaging technologies, clinical applications, and translational research. The meeting also featured notable lectures and awards, including the Henry N. Wagner Jr. Lectureship and the Benedict Cassen Prize.
A 30-year follow-up study found no link between fertility drugs and breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers, except for extended use of clomiphene citrate. The study of 12,193 women treated for infertility showed a higher risk of invasive breast cancer with clomiphene use in 12 or more treatment cycles.
A Columbia Business School study examines fair value accounting's impact on the 2008 financial crisis, finding that investors' concerns about FVA overshadowed its benefits. The research reveals mixed reactions to FVA rule relaxations and highlights bank characteristics associated with positive stock market responses.
High CO2 levels, projected to double by the end of the century, impair fish's ability to recognize school-mates. Fish reared under elevated CO2 conditions showed no preference for familiar or unfamiliar schools.
New research highlights the erosion of building materials including stone, concrete and steel due to mix of pollutants and organic chemicals in green spaces. Experts recommend investing in green spaces to reduce greenhouse gases, cut pollution exposure and improve mental health benefits.
A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine shows that providing hospitalized patients with addiction treatment during their stay and upon discharge significantly reduces the likelihood of relapse. Buprenorphine, an opioid substitute, was found to curb withdrawal symptoms and lead to fewer days of illicit drug use.
Research from Columbia Business School finds most people misjudge their assertiveness, often thinking they're seen as appropriate when others see them as too hot or too cold. The study also reveals that those who get assertiveness right often mistakenly think they've gotten it wrong, leading to costly repairs and missed deals.
A large-scale search of a national medical database found that St. John's wort is often prescribed with medications that may result in adverse reactions, such as serotonin syndrome or heart disease. The study highlights the importance of caution when combining St. John's wort with other medications.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that young teens who received sexts were six times more likely to report being sexually active. Young teens who send over 100 texts a day also showed increased likelihood of sexual activity.
A study by Charles R. Hall and Dewayne Ingram found that flowering trees have a total cost from seedling to end-of-life of $98.60, with labor costs accounting for $43.68. The research emphasizes the importance of life cycle assessment in understanding the inputs and impacts of systems producing field-grown trees.
Researchers evaluated 18 Earth-Kind rose varieties for salt tolerance in two locations, finding that 'Belinda's Dream', 'Climbing Pinkie', and 'Mrs. Dudley Cross' were the most tolerant. The study recommends these cultivars for landscapes with high soil salinity.
Researchers found that some brain cells in the amygdala respond to judgments based on a viewer's subjective opinions rather than true emotion expressed. This discovery may provide insight into anxiety and unprovoked fear.
A new study finds that tropical countries with rising middle-class incomes are willing to pay more for conservation, but government actions lag behind. Public surveys in Malaysia showed people willing to pay $437 a year per hectare to protect forests from logging and poaching.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have made a rarely used math strategy called the Jacobi method work significantly faster, potentially speeding up computer simulations in aerospace design, shipbuilding, and other engineering tasks. The updated method could solve problems that previously took 200 days to solve in just one day.
A new type of infrared photodetector has been proposed, featuring a nanoporous ZnO/n-Si structure that exhibits a double peak in transient photovoltage decay under near-infrared pulsed light irradiation. The device's photoresponse is highly sensitive to slight changes in laser pulse energy.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and University of Hawaii confirm hydrogen abstraction-acetylene addition mechanism in combustion theory. The study has implications for designing cleaner-burning fuels and fine-tuning carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets.
A study found that nearly half of deployed soldiers reported combat injuries, with 44% experiencing chronic pain and 15.1% using opioids in the past month. The researchers emphasized the urgent need to address chronic pain and opioid misuse among military personnel.
Researchers found that malaria parasites manipulate host body odor to make infected individuals more attractive to hungry mosquitoes. Even after symptoms have subsided, the scent of infected mice remained elevated for life, suggesting a lifelong impact on the disease.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich used FRET methodology to observe interaction between Hsp90, P23 and ATP. They found that P23 strengthens ATP bonding, increasing energy production. This breakthrough reveals the importance of cooperation in cellular energy generation.
Researchers at Rice University have found a way to unzip carbon nanotubes into graphene nanoribbons without using chemicals, by firing them at high speeds. The process works by hitting the nanotubes broadside or lengthwise, resulting in ribbons with ragged edges that can be used for strength and electrical properties.
Researchers have developed nanoparticles that increase survival rates and show no signs of interference in healing after blast trauma. The artificial platelets, called hemostatic nanoparticles, were found to be effective in stopping bleeding and increasing survival rates.
A Harvard research team found that transplanting mesenchymal stem cells with blood vessel-forming cells improves results in mice. The co-transplantation method keeps the mesenchymal stem cells alive longer, enabling them to display their full regenerative potential and generate new bone or fat tissue.
A new study found that women are greatly underrepresented in the labs of high-achieving male biology professors, despite being overrepresented overall. This discrepancy may be due to self-selection or unconscious bias, and institutions can take steps to address these issues by making their labs more welcoming to female scientists.
Researchers analyzed human remains in the Four Corners region, finding a centuries-long population growth and subsequent collapse due to overpopulation and environmental degradation. The study highlights the importance of considering population growth's consequences for modern societies.
Researchers tracked bacterial colonies using experimental tools to observe massive phenotypic diversification in aging Escherichia coli colonies. They found diverse metabolic capacities, stress resistance, and improved biofilm production among survivors of senescent colonies.
A large Danish population-based cohort study found that children born to women with fertility problems have a higher risk of psychiatric disorders than naturally conceived children. The increased risk persists throughout childhood and into young adulthood.
A study found that trees with higher carbohydrate storage are more resistant to drought, providing insights for reforestation efforts. Researchers in Malaysia manipulated carbohydrate levels and observed improved drought survival rates in seedlings.
The study found that the Internet-based trial was a valuable platform for conducting the randomized clinical trial and proved to be both cost and time effective. The researchers successfully enrolled 57 children from 28 states into the trial, which was completed in three months with a high completion rate.
A new clinical trial aims to remove the need for immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplant patients by increasing their regulatory T cells. The TRACT study uses a therapeutic approach that isolates and expands T-regs from participants prior to kidney transplantation.
A study by Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center found that St. John's wort use was associated with 28% of potentially harmful combinations in analyzed data. The herbal supplement can reduce the effectiveness of various medications, leading to impaired treatment outcomes and increased risk of conditions like serotonin syndrome.
A recent study by UTSA researchers reveals that the shock wave from explosive blasts can cause significant eye damage, leading to partial or total blindness. The optic nerve is particularly vulnerable to injury, even at low pressures, and may be a contributing factor to visual deficits associated with traumatic brain injuries.
A large multicentre trial found no significant improvement in IVF success rates for women who underwent outpatient hysteroscopy before further IVF treatment. The study suggests that endometrial scratching, not routine hysteroscopy, may be responsible for the previously reported improvements.
A new classification system can predict hunting behaviors of mammals from forelimb bone measurements. The system distinguishes between ambush predators, pursuit predators, and pouncing predators with high accuracy. It was developed based on analysis of 62 specimens of 37 species, including the Thylacine.
Elsevier has launched a new review journal focused on behavioral sciences, providing updates on the field through educational forums. The journal will co-edited by Professors Trevor Robbins and Cindy Lustig, showcasing novel breakthroughs and significant trends.
A Northwestern Medicine study found that adults who adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors in their 30s and 40s can control and potentially reverse coronary artery disease. The study also showed that losing healthy habits as they age leads to a measurable negative impact on heart health.
A recent study reveals that over one third of knee replacement surgeries in the US were deemed inappropriate, citing variation in knee pain and functional loss. The findings emphasize the need for standardized patient selection criteria among medical professionals to ensure effective use of this procedure.
Ariel Anbar, a leading geoscientist, has been selected as an HHMI Professor at ASU, focusing on developing online virtual field trips to teach Earth's evolution. The grant will support his research and educational activities, aiming to re-invigorate instruction in historical geology.
Pediatric researchers identified gene variants that affect a child's need for pain-control drugs, suggesting personalized medicine for pain control. The study found associations between specific gene variants and increased postoperative pain in children.
Researchers found that impulsivity plays a crucial role in cocaine addiction, with highly impulsive rats taking longer to develop habits. The study identified specific phases of addiction where dopamine receptor blockers may be effective in treating compulsive cocaine use.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have successfully retrained human gastrointestinal cells to produce insulin in response to glucose. This breakthrough could potentially replace damaged cells lost in type 1 diabetes, offering a new avenue for treating the condition.
Researchers charted an ancient baby boom in the southwestern US among Native Americans between 500 to 1300 A.D. Birth rates likely exceeded the highest in the world today, driven by early features of civilization such as farming and food storage. However, a crash followed, offering a warning sign about the dangers of overpopulation.
A genetic discovery identifies the VIR gene responsible for fruit color change, allowing for more efficient harvesting and increased oil yield. The VIR gene offers a reliable visual cue for oil palm fruit ripeness, paving the way to boost productivity and conserve sensitive wild habitats.
Researchers found that managers are more likely to privately browse social media during work hours, contradicting their negative views on the practice. The study revealed that top executives' longer working hours and blurred lines between work and leisure contribute to this behavior.
A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons reports that surgical resection improves survival among metastatic melanoma patients with limited liver disease. The five-year survival rate for surgical patients was 30%, compared to 6.6% for nonsurgical patients.
The Affordable Care Act can improve the US population's health by focusing on disease prevention, health promotion, and early detection. The Act promotes collaboration between healthcare and public health systems, leading to better quality services and greater integration of public health entities into healthcare.
A recent study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that current standard medical guidelines for childhood cancer survivors can be reduced, saving large cost-savings and little reduction in overall quality of patient care. The study suggests that screenings can be safely done cost-effectively and improve the quantity of patie...
Researchers from Russia, Belarus and Spain create a microscopic force sensor based on carbon nanotubes, allowing accurate control over coaxial cylinders in two-layer nanotubes. The device can measure forces as small as tenths of a nN, opening up potential applications beyond micro scales.
Researchers model primordial ribosomes using modern structures, showing how new structures were added to the surface without altering the core. The study reveals the universal biology of translation, with distinct fingerprints in ribosomes across species.
Researchers have developed a new method to grow zebrafish embryonic stem cells for over 2 years without a feeder cell layer, simplifying their use and expanding their utility. The ability to establish and grow these stem cells enables exciting cellular and molecular genetic manipulations.
The study analyzed over 230,000 sperm donation cycles in the UK and found no significant impact on live birth rates from sperm donor age. Instead, it highlighted the significance of female partner's age and sperm quality. The results suggest that advancing paternal age may not be as crucial for fertility outcomes as previously thought.
Researchers discovered that amyloid-beta binds to pairs of APP molecules, triggering a signalling cascade that causes elevated neuronal activity in the hippocampus. This hyperactivity damages memory and learning functions and is observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
A new review article suggests that embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are not the only source of all three germ layers in the human body. Adult pluripotent stem cells are located throughout the body and can become every tissue, provided they receive the right instructions.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that alcohol consumption leads to a buildup of fat in the lungs, weakening the immune system and increasing the risk of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This discovery offers a potential new explanation for why heavy drinkers are more susceptible to lung disease.
Whitehead Institute scientists have genetically modified red blood cells to carry valuable payloads, including drugs, vaccines, and imaging agents. The approach uses sortagging, a protein-labeling technique that establishes strong chemical bonds between surface proteins and therapeutic substances.
Researchers have identified two genes that may help prevent muscle wastage in humans: survivin and checkpoint kinase 1. These genes are highly active in burrowing frogs that survive dormancy without suffering significant muscle damage.
A study by Eric Brennan and Jim Leap found that drilling is more effective than broadcasting for establishing uniform and dense cover crops on beds. Drilled cover crops had greater uniformity and faster emergence, leading to increased weed suppression.
The American College of Physicians recommends against routine pelvic exams for asymptomatic, average-risk women due to low diagnostic accuracy and potential harms. The guideline suggests that pelvic exams are appropriate only for women with symptoms or certain risk factors.
A new study by John Bongaarts found that mortality projections from low-mortality countries are overly pessimistic, as the decline in smoking-related mortality is not accounted for. This suggests that pension and healthcare costs will rise due to an aging population living longer.
Researchers found that antihistamines can reverse the effects of myeloid derived suppressor cells in mice with tumors and those with allergy symptoms. This suggests a potential link between allergies and cancer prevention.
Severe childhood malnutrition may increase risk for high blood pressure in adulthood. Adults who endured malnutrition growing up had higher diastolic blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
Scientists have discovered where microtubules form inside the mitotic spindle and how their starting points are transported to opposite poles. This breakthrough provides a better understanding of cell division and paves the way for more effective cancer treatments.
A new study finds that for many patients with type 2 diabetes, the benefits of treatment are outweighed by the negative impact of side effects like weight gain and frequent insulin shots. The study suggests that individualized treatment recommendations based on patient risk factors and preferences may be a better approach than focusing...
Scientists have successfully replicated the process of human embryonic stem cells differentiating into separate populations with a reproducible spatial order. By confining cells in tiny circular patterns on glass plates, researchers were able to induce endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm formation, mirroring natural conditions.
Scientists expect progress in developing an effective TB vaccine, with Phase IIa clinical trials underway. The new vaccine aims to activate both killer and helper cells for improved immune response.
Researchers found that malaria-infected mice are more attractive to mosquitos than uninfected mice, especially during recovery from symptoms. This altered scent profile may help identify asymptomatic carriers who can transmit the disease.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute developed a liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay to analyze biomarkers in blood and tissue, helping identify therapeutic targets for melanoma treatment. The study identified alterations in cell signaling pathways in drug-resistant cells.
The study, led by the University of Cadiz and Spanish National Research Council, reveals five large accumulations of plastic waste in surface waters, matching the five major twists of surface water circulation. Microplastics were detected in 88% of ocean surface samples, posing risks to marine food chains and ecosystems.
Researchers discovered that molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles can mimic the function of sulfite oxidase, an enzyme responsible for cellular detoxification processes. The nanoparticles can cross cell membranes and accumulate at mitochondria, recovering sulfite oxidase activity and potentially treating sulfite oxidase deficiency.
Scientists at Yerkes National Primate Research Center have identified a new drug target for preventing PTSD. Osanetant, which targets the Tac2 gene, has been shown to reduce fear memory consolidation in mice.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE reveals that urbanisation and westernization are linked to rising obesity rates among Nigerian women, particularly those with higher socio-economic status. The findings highlight the need to address both malnutrition and obesity as major public health concerns in Nigeria.
A study published in Patient Education and Counseling found that the Four Habits Model significantly improves emotion-focused conversations between pediatric nurses and parents. The model's effectiveness was measured across four areas: preparation, communication skills, relationships, and confidence.
Researchers from RIKEN have discovered a mineral-based catalyst that efficiently splits water into oxygen and hydrogen ions at neutral pH. The key to this success lies in synchronizing electron- and proton-transfer timing, which greatly improves the catalytic activity of manganese oxides.
A study of Chinese preschoolers found associations between moderately elevated blood lead concentrations and teacher-reported behavioral problems. The study suggests that further examination is needed to clarify the biological effects of environmental lead exposure on children's behavior.
Scientists have discovered that bacteria can develop a biological timer to survive under antibiotic exposure, adapting their dormant period to match the treatment duration. This breakthrough has significant implications for slowing the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
A study in southern England found that queen bumblebee queens often disperse widely, sometimes several kilometers away, before founding their own nests. This suggests that genetic diversity is maintained through queen dispersal, highlighting the importance of preserving flower-rich habitats for bumblebee conservation.
A study by University of California, Berkeley scientists analyzed 62 seismic events prior to a Louisiana sinkhole discovery. The analysis suggests that natural gas influx may destabilize pre-existing zones of weakness in the salt dome.
Researchers from MGH have uncovered new information about genes that may increase the risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias. The studies identified a greater role for calcium signaling in regulating cardiac function and pinpointed specific genes involved in the biology of cardiac repolarization.
Researchers observed low hand hygiene compliance rates among anesthesia providers, with lowest rates at case start and end. They were most likely to perform hand hygiene after potential exposure to body fluids.
The American College of Physicians recommends against routine pelvic examinations for asymptomatic, average-risk non-pregnant women due to the lack of demonstrated benefit and potential harms. In contrast, the guideline suggests Pap smear screening without a bimanual examination, recommending visual inspection of the cervix, cervical s...
A toolbox has been created to assist gastroenterology training directors in meeting ACGME Internal Medicine Subspecialty Reporting Milestones requirements. The toolkit includes 13 core tasks, or entrustable professional activities, that define the work of gastroenterologists and hepatologists.
Joseph Jez, co-director of the plant and microbial biosciences graduate program at Washington University in St. Louis, has received a $1 million grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) to establish the Biotech Explorers Pathway. The pathway aims to introduce entering students to both science and business of biotechnology,...
Researchers at Umea University and Humboldt University found that graphite oxide layers increase in distance when exposed to water due to varying thickness. The discovery helps design new membrane types with adjustable permeation properties.
Researchers have successfully printed artificial vascular networks using a high-tech 'bio-printer', paving the way for large complex tissues and organs. The study achieved significant improvements in cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation.
A new study reveals that ancient Arctic sand tiger sharks were able to tolerate brackish water conditions 50 million years ago, unlike modern sand tiger sharks which require much higher salinity levels. This finding has significant implications for how today's sharks might fare in a warming Arctic region.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have identified SOX10 as a key transcription factor that initiates myelination in human brain cells. This discovery brings researchers closer to developing a viral or pharmaceutical approach to inducing SOX10 in MS patients, which could lead to a more effective treatment for multiple sclerosis.
Researchers have created an imaging technology that measures chemical and biological actions in real-time, allowing for improved biosensors to study life processes. This new approach uses short pulse lasers and bioluminescent proteins to create customized sensors for better imaging of living systems.