Researchers at King's College London have discovered a molecular 'scaffold' that allows key parts of cells to interact, which comes apart in dementia and motor neuron disease, revealing a potential new target for drug discovery.
A recent study by King's College London found that centenarians in England are more likely to die from pneumonia, with many succumbing to infections. The researchers emphasize the need for tailored health services to address this growing demographic group's increasing frailty and vulnerability.
Researchers found that climate change films often perpetuate limiting identity politics, reinforcing racial, gender, and sexual stereotypes. The study suggests that dominant representations in these films fail to align with key sustainable development goals of equity, freedom, and shared responsibility.
Coral reefs support 25% to 35% of ocean fish, providing protein for millions. Ecologist study reveals how corals respond to high water temperatures by expelling heat-sensitive algae, which can have long-term consequences.
A study published in mBio suggests that the virulent US fish epidemic emerged from an Asian source, with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila causing serious infections in catfish. Researchers identified a common ancestor responsible for the virulent strains of A. hydrophila affecting both China and the United States.
A recent ant study discovered three new copies of egg yolk protein Vitellogenin, which play distinct roles in regulating ant societies. The findings suggest that patterns underlying caste differences are not easily generalized across social insects.
A population-based observational study found centenarians are more likely to die of pneumonia and frailty, while hospital deaths were higher in England compared to other European countries. The study suggests that better health care provision could enable people to remain in their usual residence and reduce hospital admission at the en...
Researchers developed a new test that assesses metastatic risk by identifying specific cell types in tumor microenvironments. The test was more accurate than existing methods in predicting distant tumor spread and showed promise in tailoring therapy for breast cancer patients.
The big data era presents both challenges and opportunities for modeling and simulation, as it requires adapting to novel research thinking and methods. The paper highlights the need for exploratory research combining simulation-based engineering and science to develop a new simulation paradigm.
Scientists have developed a liver cancer vaccine that is effective in preventing the disease in mice, with the goal of improving patient survival rates. The vaccine targets a specific protein expressed by most liver cancer cells, allowing the immune system to recognize and attack them.
A Michigan State University study finds that private security guards lack formal training, making them unprepared to handle problematic individuals and altercations. The $7 billion industry demands more stringent standards and requirements.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have discovered how melanoma drugs can lead to cancer progression when treatment is stopped. Using a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors shows promise in combating drug resistance in advanced metastatic melanoma.
The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) will measure Earth's elevation with six beams, generating a more detailed portrait than the original ICESat. Scientists will track change, including melting glaciers and sea ice, using precise height measurements.
Scientists have developed a way to modulate the thermal conductivity of lithium cobalt oxide, a key material for rechargeable batteries. This breakthrough enables dynamic control of heat evolution and dissipation, leading to improved performance and safety.
Tropical Depression 2E has high, very cold cloud top temperatures indicating strong thunderstorms and potential for heavy rainfall. The National Hurricane Center forecasts large rainfall amounts in southern Mexico over the next couple of days.
A study analyzing hospital-based data found no significant changes in patient outcomes after duty hour restrictions were implemented for neurosurgery residents. The researchers examined data from 2000-2002 and 2004-2006, comparing outcomes before and after the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) mandate.
Rates of adverse outcomes, including premature death and violent crime, in people with schizophrenia are increasing compared to the general population. Men and women with schizophrenia were eight times more likely to die prematurely than the general population.
Jessell's seminal research revealed how naïve neural cells develop into distinct motor neuron subtypes to form the spinal cord circuitry. His work has helped create a blueprint for treating neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Berkeley Lab researchers have developed the world's first fully two-dimensional field-effect transistor (FET) using layered materials with van der Waals interfaces. This breakthrough promises to improve the performance and scalability of electronic devices, enabling the creation of faster and more efficient electronics.
Renewable energy capacity surged globally, driven by supportive policies in emerging economies. Over 95 nations now have renewable energy growth policies in place, accounting for 56% of net additions to global power capacity. Renewables accounted for 22% of the world's power production and 19% of global final energy consumption.
India's population of 1.3 billion will generate over 900 million notebook computers past their life expectancy by 2025, highlighting the need for effective e-waste recycling infrastructure. The study estimates that over a billion PCs will be obsolete by 2020, posing significant risks to human health and the environment.
Scientists discovered that blocking GLUT8, a molecule carrying large amounts of fructose into liver cells, prevents fatty livers in mice. The study suggests the liver acts as a sink for processing fructose, potentially harming overall metabolic syndrome.
Research reveals Amazonian forests are being altered by multiple environmental factors, creating greater perils for the world's largest rainforest. The study found that fragmented forests change rapidly, with trees dying and vines proliferating, while nearby undisturbed forests also experience changes.
A community-based program significantly lowered blood pressure among minority populations at high risk of developing hypertension. Participants who engaged more with the program showed greater reductions in blood pressure, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring and education.
A new core concept template called BioCore Guide aims to provide an updated blueprint for educators to clarify the learning outcomes for undergraduate students majoring in general biology. The guide builds on previous reform efforts and provides overarching principles for each core concept, as well as 40 statements that illustrate the ...
Research in mice reveals that a previously developed testosterone-based male contraceptive method cannot stop sperm production. Increasing doses of testosterone allowed sexual function to return, but also initiated sperm production, making it impossible to achieve sustained cessation.
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre's official journal Studies in Mycology will be published by Elsevier, enabling interactive links to live databases and multimedia. The journal, first launched in 1972, is renowned for its systematic monographs of filamentous fungi and yeasts.
Researchers discovered that statins can alter the inflammatory response to rhinovirus, a common cause of the cold, in individuals with asthma. This finding suggests that statins may help prevent or reduce asthma symptoms resulting from colds, and could lead to further research into novel asthma control strategies.
Computer scientists at UC San Diego have developed a tool to test security in hardware design, addressing the growing concern of device vulnerabilities. The tool can detect confidentiality and integrity breaches, such as timing channels and critical subsystem interference.
A study found that Hispanics have reduced the gap in taking prescribed heart medicines since the 2006 launch of Medicare's prescription drug benefit. Medication adherence increased most among whites and Hispanics, but only slightly among African-Americans.
Researchers enrolled 120 MS patients and 60 healthy controls, finding no significant difference in diagnosed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency between groups. The study's findings dispute the theory linking CSVI to MS due to methodological concerns and questionable diagnosis criteria.
Colorectal cancer screening should continue beyond age 75 for previously unscreened patients, according to new guidelines. Practices that implement a patient-centered medical home model with electronic health records (EHRs) have shown improved quality of care compared to non-PCMH practices.
A review of 19 studies found that small businesses are less likely to offer health promotion programs due to costs and lack of financial incentive. However, when implemented, these programs can lead to improvements in employee health outcomes, including diet, physical activity, and emotional well-being.
A CU Denver study reveals that major roads built through lower-income neighborhoods often neglect public health issues, including air pollution and crime. The study's author emphasizes the importance of incorporating public health into transportation planning to minimize hazards and create healthier environments.
A new study reveals that marijuana users are more likely to experience sleep problems, including difficulty falling asleep and feeling daytime sleepiness. The association is strongest in adults who started marijuana use before age 15, with those who began early being twice as likely to struggle with severe sleep issues.
A team of astronomers has discovered a new type of planet, Kepler-10c, a mega-Earth with a diameter of approximately 18,000 miles. The planet's mass is 17 times that of Earth, indicating it is composed primarily of rocks and other solids.
A standardized prevention program implemented in a hospital department of surgery significantly reduced the rate of deep venous thromboses (DVT) and pulmonary emboli among patients. The program, which scored individual risk factors and provided risk-based prophylaxis, led to an 84% drop in DVT rates and a 55% decrease in pulmonary emboli.
Women aged 55 or younger are more likely to experience poorer physical functioning, mental functioning, quality of life, chest pain, and physical limitations after a heart attack. This disparity is attributed to various factors, including undetected chest pain, access issues, and increased work-life responsibilities.
A new study reveals that red dwarf planets may be stripped of their atmospheres due to harsh space weather, making life potentially even rarer. The extreme environment also triggers spectacular aurorae, but would lead to constant darkness and hurricane-force winds.
Researchers are working on bionic arms with full motor and sensory function to treat veterans with upper extremity amputations. While advancements have been made, challenges remain in creating prostheses that meet the abilities of a human arm and hand.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have found that mucins play a major role in failing lung function in cystic fibrosis patients. The study reveals that diluting the concentration of mucins in CF mucus may be key to improving treatments.
Researchers discover that mucin concentration in cystic fibrosis airway secretions contributes to decreased mucus clearance and promotes lung infection and inflammation. Meanwhile, an aptamer-based strategy delivers a specific siRNA to tumor cells and Tregs, reducing STAT3 expression and promoting anti-tumor responses.
The clinical validation study showed ProMark correctly identified low-risk disease with a sensitivity of 90% or better. The test provided additional independent prediction relative to standard risk-stratification systems, improving personalized treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients.
Scientists have developed a method to study protein crystals inside cells using X-ray analysis, bypassing complex sample preparation. This breakthrough enables the analysis of micron-scale in vivo samples with improved signal-to-noise ratio.
Duke researchers discovered a novel neuron population in the adult brain that instructs stem cells to produce new neurons. The finding opens up possibilities for brain repair and regeneration through neural circuits.
Researchers have made significant strides in developing innovative immunotherapies that activate the body's immune response to fight cancer. The new treatments show high activity against advanced melanoma and demonstrate substantial decrease in melanoma recurrence risk.
Researchers found that an individual scientist's chances of landing a faculty position are highly predictable based on their publication record. A machine-learning model was used to analyze the data of over 25,000 scientists, showing a strong correlation between publication metrics and success in the academic job market.
A recent study suggests that expanded health coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) may lead to better cancer outcomes for young adults. The study found that patients with insurance coverage were more likely to receive definitive therapy and had a higher survival rate compared to uninsured individuals.
A team of researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison has captured the most detailed images yet of spliceosomes, which help make proteins in our bodies. The images reveal new details about how these cellular machines work and provide insight into the relationship between RNA and protein.
A recent study published in Annals of Neurology found that individuals who speak two or more languages may experience slower cognitive decline and improved cognitive abilities later in life. The research controlled for childhood intelligence and showed a significant impact on general intelligence, reading, and other cognitive functions.
A recent study of over 10,000 patients found that men tend to feel more pain after undergoing major surgery, while women experience higher levels of pain after minor procedures. The research suggests that the type and severity of surgery play a significant role in shaping pain perception.
Researchers found that slight variations in facial expressions can lead to varied first impressions, challenging the assumption that face images accurately represent an individual's personality. The study suggests that online images can have unintended consequences on how others perceive us.
Researchers have identified two distinct pathways that influence the aggressiveness of pediatric brain tumors, suggesting different treatment approaches. The study found that point mutations in the BRAF gene lead to a more aggressive form of the disease than K:B fusion.
Over 2300 British rivers have shown significant improvements in cleanliness, with many clean-water organisms returning to previously polluted areas. Improved water quality has helped offset the negative impacts of climate change on river ecosystems.
Scientists identified a new protein, hnRNPM, that plays a key role in reprogramming breast cancer cells to spread. Removing this protein significantly reduces the ability of breast cancer cells to metastasize to other organs.
Researchers investigated whether obese patients with stroke experienced a 'weight loss paradox', where heavier individuals have better outcomes than expected. The study found no such correlation, contradicting previous hypotheses on the topic. Obesity status did not affect stroke mortality rates in this cohort.
A new study reveals that suicidal deaths are more likely to occur between midnight and 4 a.m. than during the daytime or evening, peaking at 16.27 percent between 2 a.m. and 2:59 a.m. This finding suggests that circadian factors may contribute to suicidality and highlights the importance of addressing insomnia as a potential risk factor.
A study found that metformin causes an increase in toxic oxygen molecules, which surprisingly increases cell robustness and longevity. Cells use these particles to their advantage, extending healthy lifespan.
Researchers found that microRNA-155 is responsible for cleaving epithelial cells, creating microscopic gaps that allow toxins to reach the brain. This discovery helps explain diseases like multiple sclerosis and opens a new path for developing therapies that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
A retrospective study found that children receiving non-dental primary care provider visits had lower tooth decay treatment rates and payments compared to those visiting dentists alone. The study suggests that preventive oral health services provided by non-dental providers may lead to a greater reduction in tooth decay treatment.