The Abdul Latif Jameel World Water and Food Security Lab will spearhead research to address global water and food scarcity, targeting half a billion people by 2025. MIT faculty from various departments will collaborate across disciplines to develop regionally appropriate solutions.
A recent study reveals that black and Hispanic children with autism are more likely to experience developmental regression, losing language, motor, or social skills. This phenomenon is observed at a rate of 27%, with black children being twice as likely to regress compared to white children.
A new study found that college students are engaging in unhealthy behaviors, including low fruit and vegetable consumption and physical inactivity, which could increase their risk of cancer later on. Racial minority students, particularly African Americans and Native Americans, were at a higher risk.
A recent study published in Neuropsychopharmacology suggests that impulsivity may be a risk factor for food addiction and eating disorders. The research, led by Boston University School of Medicine, found that individuals with impulsive tendencies were more likely to engage in binge eating behavior.
Researchers have isolated and grown breast tissue stem cells in the lab, allowing them to study both breast development and cancer. The study found that CRIPTO and GRP78 are crucial for maintaining stem cell populations, and targeting these proteins could halt or slow cancer growth.
A new NIH-funded study provides evidence that treating children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) with long-term low-dose antibiotics reduces the risk of frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Children with VUR who received antibiotics were 50% less likely to develop recurrent UTIs.
Scientists studied the persistence of a hexagon-shaped atmospheric phenomenon on Saturn, which remains constant despite large radiative forcing in its atmosphere. The findings suggest that the hexagon is deeply rooted within Saturn's atmosphere and could reveal the planet's internal rotational period.
Researchers link BMI at age 25 to increased risk of class III obesity after age 35. Current weight is a better indicator of cardiovascular and metabolic risk than duration of obesity.
A new study found that access to electronic health records (EHRs) can significantly impact the interpretation of head CT scans, potentially leading to adverse effects on medical management. In nine percent of cases, EHR data was deemed crucial for accurate diagnosis, highlighting the importance of widespread EHR adoption.
A Mayo Clinic study finds that implementing a uniform method to care for lower-risk cardiac surgical patients reduces hospital time by 15% and lowers overall costs by 15%. The new model sets clear expectations for hospital care, improves patient experiences, and reduces variability in costs and outcomes.
A study found that humans lack knowledge and preparation to actively contact extraterrestrial civilizations. Researchers recommend alternative strategies, promoting cosmic awareness through education.
A study by North Carolina State University and Microsoft Research found that game developers value communication, teamwork, and creative skills. The research highlights the importance of including non-programmers in computer science projects and developing interpersonal communication skills.
A large family study found that genetic relatedness in families increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder, while unique environmental factors also play a significant role. The study used a population-based sample of over two million Swedish children and revealed a strong link between genetic and environmental influences.
The winning paper, 'Self-standing electrochemical double layer capacitors,' presents a promising energy source for wearable electronic devices. The design features self-supported electrodes made from multiwall carbon nanotubes and ionic liquids.
A forthcoming study suggests that strong social and political institutions can reduce favoritism towards one's own group, making people more likely to follow impartial rules. Ineffective institutions, on the other hand, lead to favoritism towards local communities.
Scientists identified two proteins on fetal membranes that help the body's immune cells recognize and fight GBS bacteria. The study found a genetic risk factor for premature birth in fetuses lacking one of these proteins, highlighting the importance of GBS-siglec crosstalk on placental membranes.
Less than one percent of healthy urban children received dental care by age 12 months, and 39% had never been to a dentist by age 4. The study found that never having dental care was associated with younger age, lower family income, prolonged bottle use, and higher daily intake of sweetened drinks.
Researchers have developed a technique to track fetal development by monitoring RNA levels in the blood, revealing insights into gene expression and cellular processes. This approach has potential applications in diagnosing pregnancy complications and detecting diseases like Alzheimer's.
A recent study found that Hispanic seniors are 35% less likely to have prescription drug coverage despite the availability of assistance. The researchers attribute this disparity to complex application processes and limited health literacy among Hispanic seniors.
Researchers used the interstellar medium as a lens to magnify and observe radio wave emission from a small rotating neutron star, achieving highest resolution ever measured. This technique allowed them to study pulsars, which emit pulsed radio waves, and potentially unlock new insights into their physics.
The American Gastroenterological Association has awarded several distinguished individuals for their lifetime contributions to the field of gastroenterology. Nicholas F. LaRusso, MD, AGAF, received the Julius Friedenwald Medal, while John A. Williams, MD, PhD, was honored with the Distinguished Achievement Award for his major research ...
A new study examines three hoop house designs for growing lettuce and spinach during the winter season in the southwestern United States. The single-layer and double-layer designs appear to be the most appropriate technology for both locations, providing adequate protection and higher probabilities of producing positive returns.
A new modeling tool, GAMCAF, predicts a 40% increase in potato production across the ESR and identifies key factors affecting yields, such as soil quality and water management. The platform aims to optimize regional food production and improve food security for consumers, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Researchers found that crop domestication took much longer than expected, with cultural and historical factors playing a key role. Domesticated crops like corn showed traits such as seed resistance and shortened flowering times, but their adaptation was slower than genetic changes.
A new study finds that immune cells can die to alert neighboring cells to the presence of infection, making it a potential anti-microbial strategy. Researchers discovered that caspase-8 plays a crucial role in this process, allowing infected host cells to spread the word about an infection.
A phase III clinical trial shows that non-invasive magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound treatment relieves pain and improves function for most patients with bone metastases. Patients responded well to treatment, with 64 percent experiencing either no pain or a significant reduction in their pain within several days of treatment.
Researchers investigated the neural circuitry behind stress and heart disease, finding that negative emotions increase pro-inflammatory chemicals in the body. Individuals who struggled to regulate their emotions showed elevated blood levels of inflammatory cytokines and atherosclerosis markers.
A new study published in the Journal of Human Evolution identifies two genes that show evidence of positive selection in humans, contributing to the thickening of enamel. The research suggests that natural selection played a key role in shaping human teeth, with specific genetic changes linked to diet and environmental pressures.
Researchers at Duke University mapped fragile sites across the entire yeast genome, finding they occur in areas where DNA replication slows or stalls. These sites are linked to genetic abnormalities seen in solid tumors and can lead to chromosome instability.
A Dartmouth-led study suggests that turtles share a more recent common ancestor with birds and crocodilians than with lizards and snakes. The research resolves a long-standing evolutionary debate, providing new insights into the relationships among reptile groups.
A UCLA study found that single mothers' job loss can significantly affect children's educational achievement and social-psychological well-being. Children of laid-off mothers are less likely to graduate from high school, attend college, and experience depression compared to those whose mothers remained employed.
A recent Mayo Clinic study found that nerve damage after hip surgery may be caused by inflammation, rather than mechanical factors. The study identified key signs for physicians to look out for, including delayed onset of neuropathy and severe pain.
A review of 47 studies involving over 15,000 patients found that liver cancer screening using ultrasound scans and blood tests significantly improved three-year survival rates for people with cirrhosis. Cirrhosis patients who received screening were more likely to receive curative treatment rather than palliative care.
Researchers developed a new biomarker for detecting Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma through non-invasive brushing technique. The biomarker, vimentin methylation, has potential to improve screening and decrease mortality from this deadly disease.
A study of over 400 Vietnamese patients found a significant decrease in falls after cataract surgery on one eye, with risks reduced by 78% the year following treatment. Researchers monitored patients before and after surgery to track the impact of improved vision on daily life.
Research discovered that glucose is the major nutrient used by Salmonella bacteria, but it's also able to use other nutrients. This finding informs potential therapeutic interventions to combat Salmonella infections. The study reveals a wealth of strategies employed by Salmonella to overcome host defenses and evade immune systems.
Researchers used molecular tumor boards to evaluate 34 patients with advanced cancer, identifying 74 genes and 123 aberrations involved in cancer growth. The approach showed promise in tailoring personalized treatment plans for patients who have exhausted standard therapies.
Researchers at UNIGE identified a mutation in the HHAT gene, which plays a key role in embryonic development and affects sexual development, growth, and skeletal development. The study provides new insights into Hedgehog signaling and has implications for genetic testing and treatment of patients with disorders of sex development.
A new study from the Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center found that family-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is beneficial to young children between the ages of five and eight with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The treatment was more effective in reducing OCD symptoms and functional impairment compared to a relaxati...
Nikki Posnack's study will investigate BPA and DEHP's impact on the cardiovascular system, including their effect on internal stability and mechanical function. She aims to determine whether real concentrations of these chemicals can cause adverse cardiac effects.
Researchers discovered that Darwin's finches will weave insecticide-treated cotton into their nests, keeping them parasite-free. The treatment proved effective in reducing mortality rates among young finches, making it a promising tool for bird conservation on the Galápagos Islands.
A recent study found that rates of infant immunization with pertussis-containing vaccine did not increase during a pertussis epidemic in Washington state. Despite high risk, vaccination rates remained stable before and during the epidemic, suggesting that conventional wisdom about vaccine acceptance may be challenged.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that Massachusetts' comprehensive health care reform led to a significant decline in deaths, particularly among nonelderly residents. The researchers estimated that the reform prevented 320 deaths per year and saved one life for every 830 persons gaining insurance. Additionally, th...
Researchers found that eczema caused by skin defects could help prevent tumour formation by shedding potentially cancerous cells from the skin. The study, published in eLife, suggests that defects in the epidermal barrier protected genetically engineered mice against benign tumour formation.
Researchers found a key indicator of ovarian cancer aggressiveness in the glutamine ratio between external and internal sources. A high ratio is associated with tumor aggression and poor survival rates.
A new study by CU-Boulder reveals that an antioxidant called MitoQ can reverse the negative effects of aging on arteries, improving vascular function and reducing the risk of heart disease. MitoQ targets mitochondria, specific cell structures responsible for oxidative stress, and restores endothelial function in old mice.
Researchers at Aarhus University discovered that enzyme DDX6 regulates toxic RNA aggregates in muscular dystrophy patients. The study found that increasing DDX6 levels reduces RNA aggregates, while decreasing them leads to more aggregates.
A study of over 16,000 patient visits found that physician practice facilitation led to significant improvements in pediatric preventive medical care delivery. Practices with early intervention saw a sixfold increase in obesity screening and a 20-fold increase in fluoride varnish application compared to those without intervention.
Researchers used a standard test to measure everyday task performance in patients discharged from acute care hospitals, finding that low scores are associated with higher risk of readmission within 30 days. The Functional Independence Measure score is linked to physiologic reserve and resilience to disease.
Dr. Peter F. Buckley, a psychiatrist and Dean of the Medical College of Georgia, has been awarded the Kempf Fund Award for Research Development in Psychobiological Psychiatry from the American Psychiatric Association. The award recognizes his contributions to understanding schizophrenia and improving treatments.
Researchers uncover the growing concern of animal hoarding in Europe, characterized by poor animal care and neglect, with implications for mental health and public well-being. The study highlights the need for standardized intervention protocols and collaboration between sectors to address this issue.
A pilot study revealed that once-monthly NeuroStar TMS maintenance therapy induced remission in 61.2% of medication-free patients with Major Depressive Disorder after 6 weeks. At three months, 62.5% of these patients maintained response compared to 43.8% without maintenance treatment.
A study by Volker Thoma found that humans can only process a few faces at a time, whether they are familiar or not. This limits our ability to recognize faces in crowded spaces. The study used famous faces like Bill Clinton and Mick Jagger to test this theory.
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen plus progestin (E+P) trial resulted in a net economic return of $37.1 billion over 10 years, with $26.4 billion attributed to medical expenditure savings and $10.7 billion representing additional quality-adjusted life expectancy.
A new study by University of Minnesota sociologists shows that workplaces can change to increase flexibility, provide more support from supervisors, and reduce work-family conflict. The research found significant improvements in employees' sense of schedule control and perceived time adequacy.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have discovered clues for inducing superconductivity in an iron-based material. By altering the Fermi surface, they were able to explain why certain structural phases prevent superconductivity at low temperatures.
A UCLA study reveals that genuine laughs share acoustic properties with animal laughter, while fake laughs sound distinct, suggesting humans have evolved to detect deception through laughter. The researchers analyzed recordings of real and fake laughs, finding breathy sounds were more prevalent in genuine laughs.
Researchers have developed a new gel-based eye fluid called Healaflow that stabilizes the eye during healing after retinal detachment surgery. This new product does not appear to inflict additional damage on the retina, setting it apart from other alternatives.
Researchers discovered that finches in the Galapagos Islands use treated cotton to kill parasitic fly maggots, protecting baby birds and potentially helping endangered species. The biologists tested this self-fumigation method on Darwin's finches, showing that it is effective against the nest fly Philornis downsi.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a new metamaterial with high absorption over broad bandwidth, providing better protection against electromagnetic radiation. The material is designed using genetic algorithms and can be easily manufactured due to its simple layer structure.