A study found that Medicare patients with poor-prognosis cancers who received hospice care had significantly lower rates of hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and invasive procedures at the end of life. Hospice beneficiaries also had lower health care expenditures during the last year of life.
Domperidone has been found to increase milk supply in breastfeeding women with no reported significant adverse effects. Its use is associated with modest improvements in breast milk volume, supporting long-term health benefits for both mothers and babies.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine has developed a 17-gene set to analyze peripheral blood samples and determine which patients are at risk of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. The test, called kSORT, was found to be highly accurate and clinically applicable, with an area under the curve of 0.93.
Research found that most participants underestimated weight and incorrectly identified body shapes, even among healthcare professionals. The study's findings have important implications for weight management support and advice, as many individuals may not be receiving the help they need due to inaccurate assessments.
Scientists from the University of Tokyo have detected silicon and nitrogen-terminated carbon chain molecules in interstellar space using laboratory experiments. The discovery provides valuable information on the formation mechanisms of these molecules and their potential impact on understanding the chemical composition of the universe.
A team of researchers has drawn connections between known regulators of body mass, pointing to possible treatments for obesity and metabolic disorders. They also found intriguing clues that these same molecular pathways may play a role in learning and perhaps even in some forms of brain cancer.
Research shows butterfly eyespots are used to deflect predator attacks, with large and bright eyespots in the wet season making a colorful target for attack. In the dry season, smaller and duller eyespots make the butterfly more difficult to detect and consume.
A new plant species, Dorstenia luamensis, is threatened by cattle ranches and forest destruction following a 50-kilometer mapping error. The reserve's borders were incorrectly placed on maps, putting the unique plant and its biodiversity, including chimpanzees, at risk.
Researchers used supercomputing simulations to analyze ancient DNA from a 24,000-year-old Siberian boy, revealing that modern Europeans are a mixture of three distinct ancestral populations. The study challenges the prevailing view that only two groups mixed in Europe between 7,000 and 8,000 years ago.
MU researchers have catalogued the effects of abnormal enzymes responsible for one type of glycogen storage disease in humans. Their study, published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry, provides promising early-stage results that could aid in patient prognosis and therapeutic development.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that patients without hospice care had significantly higher rates of health care utilization and costs during their last year of life. Hospice care was associated with lower rates of hospitalizations and intensive procedures.
Researchers from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the National Institutes of Health provide a wealth of patient imaging data to build tools for diagnosing coronary heart disease. The publication includes a virtual machine with software and data, enabling direct experimentation and annotation.
A new study has identified a human gene that provides natural resistance to typhoid fever. The HLA-DRB1 gene codes for a receptor important in the immune response against invading bacteria. This finding holds promise for developing improved vaccines and treatments for typhoid fever.
Researchers examine how westerly wind pulses impact El Niño's strength, suggesting a link between these events and the phenomenon's duration. Scientists also explore drilling into small volcanoes to better understand future hazards.
A new study found that younger postmenopausal women with normal bone density are at a very low risk of fractures. Without osteoporosis, it took an average of 11 years for just 1% to sustain a vertebral fracture and 3% to sustain a major osteoporotic fracture.
A study of over 26,000 women found that Tdap vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery or small-for-gestational-age birth. However, a higher risk of chorioamnionitis was observed among vaccinated women.
A new oral interferon-free therapy has produced significantly fewer side effects and is prescribed for 24 weeks. Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation in the U.S., with patients having lower survival rates than those transplanted for other causes of cirrhosis.
A new transdiagnostic psychotherapy approach, CETA, has been found to be effective in reducing depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Burmese trauma survivors living in Thailand. The treatment resulted in a significant reduction of symptoms over an average of 3 months.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows a significant decline in invasive pneumococcal disease cases caused by bacteria resistant to one or more antibiotics. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in South Africa has led to substantial reductions in antibiotic-resistant invasive pneumococ...
A new study shows a novel molecular imaging drug is effective in detecting early prostate cancer in soft tissue, lymph nodes, and bone. The drug, Tc-99m MIP-1404, has favorable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, representing a breakthrough in prostate cancer imaging.
Researchers sent twisted light beams across Vienna, encoding images and demonstrating increased data-carrying capacity. The technology could significantly increase data-rates in classical communication and make secret keys tougher to crack in quantum communication.
A new study found that survivors of heart attacks and strokes experience a rapid decline in physical abilities over time, leading to increased disability and depressive symptoms. The study suggests that these survivors should be screened for functional disability long after discharge from the hospital.
A study in the Journal of Marketing found that chemical farmers resist converting to organic methods because it challenges their belief systems. Organic farmers, on the other hand, report a sense of joy and renewal through their practice.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified the specific type of cell that gives rise to large, disfiguring plexiform neurofibromas, a finding that could lead to new therapies for preventing tumor growth. The study suggests ways to develop treatments by understanding the steps leading to tumor development.
A new study suggests that companies with strong social responsibility reputations can inadvertently create a 'health halo' around their products, leading to overconsumption and underestimation of calories. This phenomenon can have serious health consequences for individuals and society.
A new study from City University London found that eye movement analysis can detect diseases like glaucoma while watching TV. This method could help clinicians identify the disease earlier, enabling timely treatment before permanent damage occurs.
Research on tool use by primates suggests that ecological opportunity, rather than necessity, is the main driver behind their use of tools. The study found that tool use was not influenced by food scarcity, but rather by calorie-rich and hard-to-reach resources.
Dr Marc Pellegrini has been awarded a $1.225 million fellowship to focus on progressing his research into chronic infections such as HIV, hepatitis B and tuberculosis. The grant will enable him to explore how microbes evade the immune system and apply these discoveries to eradicate these diseases.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a novel gene regulation method that enables thought-specific brainwaves to control the conversion of genes into proteins. The system uses EEG headsets to transmit brainwaves wirelessly to an implant, which regulates gene expression through light-sensitive optogenetic modules.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a new laser system to create high-flux X-ray pulses, which will allow for more accurate measurements in various scientific fields. The new technology uses mid-infrared light and can produce up to 25 times higher X-ray flux than previous experiments.
Genomic tests using next generation sequencing technologies face access issues due to inadequate evidence on clinical utility. Experts suggest a four-pronged approach to improve access, including robust validation studies, prioritizing research and evidence, and evolving the evidence review process.
A novel method of altering a protein in milk has been discovered, enabling the delivery of an antiretroviral drug to infants with HIV/AIDS. This breakthrough could greatly improve treatment for the estimated 3.4 million children suffering from the disease.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine implicated a new gene in non-syndromic autism, suggesting similar molecular pathways among different types of autism. The study used mouse models, induced pluripotent stem cells and the 'Tooth Fairy' project to identify TRPC6 as a novel predisposing gene for ASD.
Yale psychologist Oriana Aragon's study reveals that people cry when they're happy to restore emotional balance. Individuals who express negative reactions to positive news can better moderate intense emotions.
A new study by American Marketing Association found that customers are more likely to buy when they can donate to good causes, with moderate discounts also driving sales. The study suggests that offering charity options alongside products can significantly increase purchases.
Mental health experts in The BMJ warn that UK immigration detention systems are broken and prioritize deterrence over protection, causing harm to detainees' physical and mental health. Experts call for NHS England to ensure detainees are screened for mental health problems and facilities maintain NHS standards.
Researchers have discovered an unexpected tail on asteroid 62412, which was previously known as a typical asteroid. The discovery reveals that there may be up to 100 active asteroids in the main asteroid belt, shedding light on the processes that cause some asteroids to become active.
A new study found that restaurant surcharges and labeling can reduce demand for unhealthy menu items. The study showed that customers are more likely to avoid unhealthy food with a label and a surcharge than without either. This combination is called an 'unhealthy surcharge' and may lead to increased customer trust and loyalty
A University of Utah study found that pathogens killing tree seedlings in drier forests allow more diverse tree species to thrive in the wetter Caribbean environment. This separation is crucial for conservation planning and understanding how tree species adapt to climate change.
A recent survey of symptomatic HIV-positive people in rural Mozambique found that those who initially consulted traditional healers had a 2.4 times longer delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis of HIV. The study highlights the need to engage traditional healers in HIV care and provide incentives for referrals.
Researchers found that FKBP51 regulates acute and chronic effects of antidepressants via autophagic pathways in mice and humans. Autophagy markers correlate with antidepressant treatment response in patients with depression.
Researchers create a new material that can store charge and support weight, with potential applications in wearable technology, water filtration, and radiofrequency shielding. The material's flexibility and strength make it suitable for various uses, including improving electrical energy storage.
The TRACE Matrix tool assesses countries' business bribery risks across four domains and nine sub-domains, providing a score from 1 to 100. This allows companies to tailor their compliance practices more effectively.
Nimrod Megiddo recognized for groundbreaking work in algorithmic game theory, linear programming, and combinatorial optimization. His contributions have been highly influential across various areas of operations research and management science.
A study in the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing reveals that Irish citizens' perceptions of biking as inconvenient, dangerous and unsuitable for wet climates hinder adoption. However, benefits like saving time and improving physical fitness are cited by supporters.
A study found that patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis who attain SVR have survival rates comparable to those of the general population. However, patients without SVR experience reduced overall survival.
QUT researchers have developed a system that can predict dengue fever outbreaks in China by combining internet search metrics with environmental factors. The system achieved a 99.8% success rate in detecting outbreaks within three days, highlighting the potential for early warning systems to reduce the impact of infectious diseases.
A study by Purdue and Iowa State universities surveyed 6,795 people in the agricultural sector, revealing a significant divide between scientists and farmers on climate change causes. More than 90% of scientists attributed climate change to human activities, while 66% of corn producers blamed natural shifts in the environment.
The University of Houston has been awarded a $1.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation to train students in cybersecurity. The program aims to attract talented graduate students and build a community of well-qualified scholars in this area.
Scientists found that plant genome duplication enables herbaceous plants to regenerate and become more fertile after being damaged. The study showed that increased genome duplication leads to an increase in cell growth and production of key proteins.
Researchers developed a family-focused, culturally-informed treatment for schizophrenia that reduced patients' psychiatric symptoms and improved caregiver emotional well-being. The program tapped into the family's cultural beliefs, values, traditions, and religious practices to help them manage the illness.
Researchers found HIV-infected adults diagnosed with kidney failure six months younger than the general population, while heart attack and cancer diagnoses were similar. The study suggests successful treatments are helping HIV-infected persons achieve similar longevity.
Michael E. Mann received the 2014 Pongo Environmental Award for his groundbreaking research on global warming and strong advocacy for climate protection. The award recognizes his work in providing crucial global temperature data and a compelling case for global warming, as well as his leadership as a climate warrior.
Concordia University researcher Peter Jaskiewicz outlines four steps to ensure an entrepreneurial transition in family businesses, including establishing an entrepreneurial legacy and involving the next generation. By following these steps, business owners can secure their future and leave a lasting legacy.
The Computational Infrastructure for Operations Research (COIN-OR) initiative was launched by IBM Research in 2000 and has since grown to over 50 projects, supporting hundreds of peer-reviewed research papers. The INFORMS Impact Prize recognizes the program's broad impact on operations research.
A study found that midfielders and forwards with higher facial-width-to-height ratios were more likely to commit fouls and score goals. The research adds weight to the argument that facial structure is associated with aggression in athletic populations.
Researchers created a microtube platform to study neuron growth and repair, providing insights into treatments for degenerative neurological conditions. The microtubes accelerate nerve cell growth up to 20 times faster than across gaps.
Research suggests an increase in psychotropic medication prescriptions, with doctors often relying on standardized treatments rather than tailored approaches. The tension between clinical reasoning and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) is also a major concern.
A study by Jonathan Purtle found that federal legislation addressing PTSD has predominantly focused on military personnel, with over 90% of mentions targeting military personnel or combat exposure. However, PTSD affects a significantly larger civilian population due to its prevalence in non-military traumatic events.
Researchers at UT Arlington's Biophysics and Physiology Lab developed new methods for optogenetic stimulation of brain neurons, guiding axons to form loops in the lab. The advancements aim to map neural circuitry and potentially treat conditions like chronic pain and drug addiction.
The number of Alzheimer's patients is expected to more than double in 40 years, while annual per-person costs will nearly quintuple from $71,000 in 2010. Delaying onset can reduce the prevalence and costs of the disease.
Weeds introduced to the UK centuries ago are still adapting and changing, with some species showing significant increases in leaf area and plant height. Researchers found that 70% of weeds in New South Wales have undergone substantial changes since introduction.
The SENSEI Instrument project aims to create a camera system that captures the entire surrounding environment, including the size and mass of objects. This technology will provide detailed information on marine life, such as coral reefs and kelp forests, and enhance our understanding of cultural heritage sites.
Researchers at Notre Dame designed a highly accurate traffic prediction model that considers both time-based and distance-based costs. The model outperformed previous models when predicting commuter flows, demonstrating its potential to predict the impact of network disruptions.
Using community pharmacies to identify undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases at an early stage could save the NHS £264 million annually. The service has already been successful in screening over 238 people, identifying those at higher risk of COPD and providing lifestyle advice.
A new study by Penn and Dresden researchers has identified the protein Del-1 as a key player in blocking multiple sclerosis relapses in mice. The protein, also found to prevent inflammation and bone loss in gum disease, shows promise as a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
This special issue of Harvard Review of Psychiatry provides an overview of recent advances in understanding and treating bipolar disorder. Key findings include the role of white matter disease, stress and HPA axis function, effectiveness of lithium, stimulants for depression, functional remediation, and issues in network meta-analysis.
A new study found that fast-food outlets within 500m of non-white ethnic minority groups and socially deprived areas are associated with increased risk of Type-2 diabetes and obesity. The research suggests that for every two additional fast-food outlets, one extra diabetes case can be expected.
Researchers found that popular diets such as Atkins, South Beach, and Weight Watchers result in modest weight loss at one year, but no significant impact on cardiovascular risk factors. The study suggests that a broader lifestyle intervention involving doctors and other health professionals may be more effective for long-term weight loss.
New findings suggest that microbiome studies may have prematurely proposed links to disease due to laboratory contamination. The study found that DNA extraction kits, chemical reagents, and environmental contaminants can introduce bacteria into samples, affecting results.
Researchers found that fine particles eroded from riverbanks were the main source of phosphorus in Lake Pepin sediment before 1850. After 1850, riverbanks absorbed P from polluted river water, contributing to increasing phosphorus concentrations. Upgrading sewage treatment plants is crucial to controlling phosphorus pollution upstream.
Researchers mapped ETEC bacteria's genetic composition to reveal its spread and identify potential vaccine targets. The study suggests a single bacterium has divided worldwide, leading to the development of a globally beneficial vaccine.
Researchers at the University of Iowa found that North Atlantic tropical cyclones significantly affect the Midwest, causing flooding in states hundreds of miles inland. The study used USGS stream gauge data to show a strong correlation between inland flooding and tropical cyclone passage.
A new study found that false beliefs about weight loss pills lead to overeating and unhealthy behavior. The study suggests that consumers who believe in the effectiveness of weight loss pills consume more cookies when given free access.
A new study reveals that emotional awareness training can significantly improve food choices, even without nutritional knowledge. Trained participants were more likely to opt for healthy snacks and experienced weight loss over three months.
Researchers found that groundwater temperatures have warmed significantly over the past forty years, echoing global warming trends. The warming is attributed to climate change and has been observed in groundwater close to the surface, with a certain time lag.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study found that TAK-733, a next-gen melanoma drug, exhibited anti-cancer activity in 10 out of 11 patient tumor samples grown in mice. The drug showed significant shrinkage in tumors up to 100%, regardless of BRAF mutation status.
A large-scale study has found that higher-scoring GP practices tend to have predominantly higher-scoring doctors. This variation in scores is often masked by the current practice-level scoring system, which may lead to undetected doctor skill gaps.
A Michigan State University study explores how attitudes about knowledge and power drive the wolf debate, identifying four themes: mistrust among decision-makers, special interest groups disenfranchising voters, political influencers overriding science, and local sources of information being ignored.
A novel medical-imaging technology called TexRAD has been shown to enable early diagnosis of bowel-cancer patients not responding to standard cancer therapy. The technology analyzes the texture of tumors, distinguishing patients with good prognosis from those with poor prognosis.
Researchers found that salivary mucin MUC5B limits biofilm formation by keeping S. mutans suspended in the liquid medium, preventing cavities. Boosting native defenses may be a better way to fight dental caries than relying on exogenous materials.