Combination therapy with vemurafenib and cobimetinib achieves greater progression-free survival and response rates than vemurafenib alone in BRAF-mutation positive melanoma. The study also shows a reduced incidence of skin-related side-effects with combination therapy.
Dr. Patrick F. Sullivan, a psychiatric geneticist, received the 2014 Lieber Prize for his distinguished work on schizophrenia. He heads large international projects and directs mega-analyses involving 90,000 participants.
A new study found that genomic data can explain around 15% of patients' responses to cholesterol-lowering statins. The research used data from a clinical trial and identified genetic signatures associated with improved or poor responses to the medication.
A recent study found that ocean acidification caused a significant decrease in calcification rates of the Great Barrier Reef, threatening its ecosystem. The research suggests that coral reefs are now producing less dense and fragile skeletons, making them more susceptible to erosion.
A University of Texas at Arlington research team has developed a new method to fabricate transparent nanoscintillators that could advance medical safety and homeland security. The resulting scintillator material has better energy resolution than currently used materials, making it more effective for radiation detection.
Researchers found that people consistently estimate their dominant hand to be less magnified than other objects under the same degree of magnification. This finding suggests that our bodies are used as perceptual metrics, allowing us to attribute changes in perceived size to changes in the world rather than our own body.
The Archstone Foundation's Depression in Late Life Initiative aims to improve depression care for older adults through collaboration among primary care clinics, family members, friends, and community-based organizations. Depression affects 2-5% of older adults in the community and 50% in nursing homes.
A team of researchers combined precision model experiments with computer simulations to study coiling patterns, discovering that natural curvature dramatically affects the process. The study has practical impacts on everyday life, including understanding transoceanic communication cables and rodlike structures.
Researchers found that using brief depression symptom measures in primary care settings can lead to unnecessary antidepressant prescriptions. The study suggests that these questionnaires may not be diagnostic and can cause false positives, resulting in over-treatment.
Phase II data showed dabrafenib has significant anti-tumour activity in patients with advanced BRAF V600E mutant non-small cell lung cancer. HER2 inhibition also shows promise in HER2-positive non-small cell lung cancer, with a 21% overall response rate in patients treated with neratinib and temsirolimus.
The UCSF Clinician Consultation Center has been funded by the CDC to provide a telephone consultation service for healthcare providers prescribing PrEP. The service will guide clinicians on identifying patients at risk, evaluating their ability to take PrEP regularly and ensuring safe prescribing practices.
The American Academy of Neurology states that the risk of death, overdose, addiction, or serious side effects from prescription opioids exceeds their benefits in treating chronic, non-cancerous conditions. The AAN recommends safer prescribing practices to minimize risks.
Chronic alcohol exposure disrupts normal sleep cycle by over-activating brain chemicals. Targeted medications may help treat sleep issues related to alcohol use disorders, according to Boston University School of Medicine researchers.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics found a significant association between the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics before age 2 and an increased risk of obesity. The researchers analyzed data from over 1,000 children and found that greater antibiotic exposure was linked to higher rates of obesity and being overweight or obese.
VAULT2.0 will observe light emitted from hydrogen atoms at extreme temperatures to understand coronal heating. The launch allows for six minutes of observations above the atmosphere, capturing images every six to eight seconds.
Researchers detected a distinctive DNA signature in children born after the massive Quebec ice storm, linked to maternal hardship and stress. The study found that objective stress exposure, not emotional distress, caused long-lasting changes in the epigenome of their babies.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has awarded seven research contracts to discover novel vaccine adjuvants that safely boost immune responses. The goal is to improve current vaccines, extend the vaccine supply, or enhance efficacy in people with immature or weakened immune systems.
Researchers in Italy have developed a new technology using distributed optical fiber sensors to monitor soil slopes and detect the onset of landslides. This innovation can help mitigate devastating losses of life and property by providing early warnings, making it an entirely new tool for landslide risk monitoring.
Researchers will create a website to track participants' progress, analyzing how social interactions influence behaviors and recovery outcomes. The goal is to develop a low-cost, accessible approach to supplement traditional treatment.
A recent study found that high-dose radiotherapy did not improve survival rates or delay local relapse in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma who had undergone chemotherapy and surgery. However, researchers discovered that about 20% of patients expressed the PD-L1 protein, which could be targeted with immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers found a unique signature of aging in the choroid plexus, which separates blood from cerebrospinal fluid, and discovered that interferon beta has a negative effect on the brain. Blocking this protein's activity restored cognitive abilities in older mice.
Researchers found that using sweat-eating bacteria to metabolize ammonia improved skin condition and appearance in human volunteers. The study showed significant improvements, especially when the levels of AOB on the skin were high, suggesting potential modulation of the skin microbiota.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center identified brain networks that can help guide site selection for brain stimulation therapies. The findings suggest that stimulating sites in the same connected brain network can improve treatment outcomes across multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders.
A new study found that states with higher gun ownership rates experience a higher incidence of non-stranger firearms homicides, contradicting the claim that gun ownership deters violent crime. The study also found no significant relationship between gun ownership and stranger-on-stranger homicide rates.
A study found that 30% of soil and 6% of water samples were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, a potentially dangerous species. The bacteria were more common near rivers and in areas with high concentrations of agricultural land and urban environments.
Researchers predict near-future treatments for chronic diseases and aging, targeting underlying biological processes. Innovative business models and flexible regulations are needed to accelerate these advancements.
The study compares the interactions between silver nanoparticles and two thiols, mercaptohexanol (MH) and cysteine. MH forms a sparingly soluble silver(I) thiolate complex AgSRm on the surface, while cysteine replaces the citrate capping agent to form cysteine capped nanoparticles.
Researchers identify jarosite minerals in Ius Chasma canyon wall, suggesting atmospheric sulfur trapped in ice formed glaciers. The discovery provides evidence of past glaciation in the Valles Marineris on Mars.
The Canadian Medical Association Journal refutes criticisms of the BART trial that showed a substantially increased risk of death associated with aprotinin. The authors argue that regulatory bodies should have mandated a second large trial to confirm or refute the results.
Research from ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science highlights Australia's climate as heavily influenced by global warming. Global warming doubled the chance of intense heat waves, tripled the likelihood of heatwave events and increased extreme summer temperatures across the country.
Researchers tested the effectiveness of caffeine and music as countermeasures to driver fatigue. Caffeine was found to improve both alertness and driving performance, while music had a lesser impact on driving skills.
A global trial involving over 8,000 women has reaffirmed trastuzumab's superiority in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. The study showed that patients receiving trastuzumab had better outcomes than those treated with lapatinib alone, including lower rates of disease recurrence and improved overall survival.
A Wayne State research team is developing new, more efficient catalytic materials to reduce energy consumption in chemical conversion systems. The project aims to create multicomponent catalysts that can improve reaction efficiency and reduce unwanted byproducts.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered that acetate supplements stimulate the formation of new red blood cells in mice with anemia. This could lead to alternative treatments for anemia, potentially reducing side effects associated with current therapies.
A California law mandating specific nurse-to-patient staffing standards significantly lowers job-related injuries and illnesses for registered nurses and licensed practical nurses. The study found a 32% reduction in injuries for registered nurses and a 34% reduction for licensed practical nurses.
A new large-scale study aims to address knowledge gaps on sexual assault survivors' health outcomes and experiences. Nine hundred women will be enrolled and followed for one year to understand physical and mental health during recovery, as well as interactions with law enforcement, the legal system, and medical care.
A study by Myriad Genetics presented at the 2014 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) annual meeting shows that its Tumor BRACAnalysis CDx test identifies cancer-causing BRCA1/2 mutations in 44% more patients than germline blood testing. This could expand treatment options for ovarian cancer patients with these genetic mutations.
The DOE JGI Community Science Program selected 32 projects to study microbial communities in various environments, including those affected by hydraulic fracturing and coral reefs. The research will help understand the impact of environmental changes on these ecosystems and develop solutions for major energy and environmental problems.
Atzberger's research focuses on the intersection of math and science, exploring how proteins move within lipid bilayer membranes. He developed a statistical mechanics description that captures essential features of membrane-protein dynamics, allowing for simple yet reliable calculations and simulations.
Researchers from University of Southern Denmark and Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague have successfully created moving alcohol droplets in water, guided by salt concentration gradients. The system displays sophisticated behavior and can be controlled by external temperature stimulus.
A new study at Ohio State University reveals that people with low self-confidence need a vivid picture of their future success to pursue their career goals. The researchers found that students who were given detailed information about the benefits of becoming a business psychologist were more likely to apply for the program and showed ...
Researchers found a 37% reduction in energy consumption when using the Persuasive Technology and Energy Delegate (IPTED) method, which combined real-time feedback with peer social influence. The study showed that this approach can significantly reduce energy use among students if implemented in residential halls.
Phytoplankton are crucial for fish populations and Earth's carbon cycle, with a perpetual dance between predators and prey affecting their growth cycles. Tiny imbalances in this relationship cause massive phytoplankton blooms, impacting ocean productivity, fisheries, and carbon cycling.
Researchers from Brown University have introduced a new element of uncertainty into Burgers' equation to describe turbulence and shocks in fluid flows. This formulation aims to make mathematical models more realistic by accounting for external influences such as terrain, which was previously ignored in standard equations.
A nine-month study found that children who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity after school showed substantial improvements in attention, distraction avoidance, and cognitive flexibility. Brain imaging revealed widespread changes in brain function related to attention allocation and processing speed.
Researchers will explore interactions between natural gas and electricity systems, power and communication networks, healthcare and cyber infrastructure. The goal is to develop computational models that predict complex behavior in the face of disruptions or disasters.
A Stanford University study links California's ongoing drought to human-caused climate change, finding that a persistent high atmospheric pressure region over the Pacific Ocean is three times more likely to form in the present climate. This blocking ridge prevented winter storms from reaching California during the 2013 and 2014 rainy s...
Researchers have produced detailed maps of bedrock beneath glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica with NASA's support, helping to project future changes to ice sheets and sea level. The data will aid computer models used for glacier projection.
Researchers from CNIO have characterized a key protein interaction that regulates cellular proliferation; this discovery may aid in developing new anti-microtubule drugs to combat cancer. The study's findings provide insights into the molecular basis of microtubule assembly during cell division.
Phanfone is now a threat to various islands, with warnings and watches in effect for Saipan, Tinian, Pagan, and Alamagan. The storm is moving west-northwest at 11 knots, with forecasters expecting it to intensify into a typhoon after passing through the Marianas Islands.
A study found that warmer winters lead to earlier breeding in wood frogs, resulting in fewer eggs and delayed tadpole development. However, more rain and snow appear to increase egg production, potentially counteracting the negative effects of warming.
Granny Smith apples contain high amounts of non-digestible compounds that promote the growth of friendly bacteria in the colon. This can help stabilize metabolic processes and reduce inflammation associated with obesity.
New Tel Aviv University research reveals a single-neuron 'hub' orchestrates the activity of an entire brain circuit. The study finds that timely activation of cells is fundamental for proper operation of hub neurons, which orchestrate entire network dynamics.
A study by researchers links California's ongoing drought to human-caused climate change, showing a persistent region of high atmospheric pressure over the Pacific Ocean is more likely to form in modern greenhouse gas concentrations. The extreme conditions led to unusually low precipitation and triggered wildfires and air pollution.
University of Chicago physicists explain a mysterious effect found in superfluids, revealing it was due to whirlpool-like structures rather than exotic solitons. The result challenged accepted theories and sparked a scientific debate.
Carnegie Mellon researchers show viral DNA transforms from solid to fluid-like state at infection temperature, facilitating infection. This phase transition could be a promising new target for antiviral therapies, which may avoid drug resistance.
A University of Iowa study found that sleep twitches activate the brains of mammals differently than movements made while awake. Twitches during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep comprise a different class of movement and provide evidence that sleep twitches teach newborns about their limbs.
A new OSU study found that using a gas stove with ventilation reduces the risk of childhood asthma, wheezing, and bronchitis. Children who lived in homes with ventilation were 32-44% less likely to have these respiratory issues.
Researchers found that estrogen pre-activates the unfolded-protein response (UPR), a pathway that prepares cells to divide and grow. UPR activation is linked to cell proliferation and poor survival in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer, making it a potential prognostic marker.
A 2,330-year-old skeleton from southern Africa provides clues to early modern human prehistory and evolution. The study sequenced the man's mitochondrial DNA, revealing a unique genetic profile that sheds light on human origins.