New research shows clear signs of global warming appeared in the tropics as early as the 1960s, but in parts of Australia and Africa as far back as the 1940s. The study's findings closely match observational datasets used by the IPCC, indicating a growing trend in increasing temperatures.
Researchers used exometabolomics to study the interactions between soil microbes and their adaptations in desert biocrusts. The team found that diverse microbes target specific metabolites, supporting diverse microbial communities. This discovery suggests a possible mechanism for promoting soil biodiversity by specialization.
CAGE has deployed two methane observatories on the ocean floor in the Arctic Ocean, monitoring methane and CO2 releases, ocean acidification, and circulation. The observatories will collect crucial data for a full year, helping to understand processes related to climate change.
A team of researchers decoded genetic sequences of E. coli O157, revealing its ancestor has been around for over 175 years. The study found that the bacteria's ability to produce shiga-toxins has evolved, making some strains more deadly than others.
A $13 million NIH grant will fund a collaborative effort to build reproducible assays to model autism spectrum disorder. The project, called COPACABANA, uses a universal stem cell model derived from patient tissue to study the effects of individual genetic variation on mental health diseases.
A new model of Earth's core formation suggests the magma ocean started out oxidized and became reduced over time through oxygen incorporation into the core. Higher oxygen concentrations were found in the core, contradicting previous estimates.
A new study has revealed that a certain gene can amplify the psychological impact of life events, with some people experiencing severe depressive symptoms if they have a history of child abuse. However, the same genotype may also lead to happiness in others without such a history.
Scientists developed a new type of thin film transistor made from zinc oxynitride, achieving electron mobility speeds about ten times greater than predecessors. The argon plasma process improved the material's stability and reduced nitrogen loss.
A team of researchers developed a cell sorter based on acoustic waves that can compete with existing fluorescence-activated cell sorters, sorting up to 13,000 cells per second while gently manipulating individual cells. The device is compact, inexpensive, and preserves cell viability and functions.
Scientists create 'Prompt Gamma Timing' method using just one detector to measure time span between beam entry and gamma radiation hit, allowing real-time adjustment of radiation parameters. Initial tests show significant improvement in accuracy compared to existing methods.
Tropical Storm Ida was observed by NASA's Terra satellite as it meandered in the Central Atlantic Ocean due to wind shear. The storm's movement is expected to change after a couple of days, with wind shear decreasing and Ida moving slowly to the north-northwest.
Researchers are developing a breathalyzer-type device to detect hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. The device will identify signature odorants produced in human breath by specific volatile organic compounds created by metabolic processes leading to low blood sugar.
Research reveals that healthcare providers' weight loss advice boosts firefighters' weight perception and weight loss attempts. Firefighters who receive weight loss guidance are twice as likely to attempt weight loss and 4.8 times more accurate in their weight perceptions.
Researchers have developed a new way to capture light, allowing for large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip. This breakthrough enables ultra-fast high-bandwidth data transfer, potentially revolutionizing computer technology.
Scientists at Brigham Young University have made a breakthrough in reducing ocean dead zones by studying the potential of rhizobia, a type of beneficial bacteria. By understanding how these bacteria interact with plants, researchers aim to develop more sustainable farming practices that minimize fertilizer use and reduce water pollution.
A study by Concordia University researchers found that kids with good theory of mind skills selectively learn from accurate individuals, not just those who appear physically strong. This suggests that children's learning abilities are more complex than previously thought.
A new analysis found that healthy adults with larger orbitofrontal cortices tend to be more optimistic and less anxious. The study suggests that a thicker OFC may act as a buffer against anxiety by boosting optimism, and that increasing optimism can reduce anxiety.
The NIH has released CollegeAIM, a matrix-based tool to compare and rate nearly 60 types of college alcohol interventions. The tool helps inform college staff about evidence-based interventions, with the goal of improving student health and safety.
A study by researchers at the University of Montreal found that women's brains react more strongly to negative images than men's, possibly due to greater emotional sensitivity. The connection between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex was stronger in men, suggesting a more analytical approach to negative emotions.
Life expectancy has increased everywhere in Germany, with the biggest gains seen in Eastern regions. Regional economic development is becoming a key factor in determining life expectancy, with areas like Baden-Württemberg and Saxony consistently having higher life expectancies.
The DOE is investing $10.5 million in CAMERA to develop computational mathematics and algorithms for experimental facilities research. This will help scientists extract useful information from experiments, tackling challenges such as data analysis and image processing.
A team of researchers has developed a unique source of coherent radiation for identifying and quantifying molecules in complex mixtures. The new laser can detect minimal amounts of disease markers present in exhaled breath, with the potential to diagnose potentially lethal diseases early.
Researchers found that cypress trees have a low degree of ignitability, high combustibility, and high sustainability. They propose using cypress barriers to construct a system reducing fire initiation risk in Mediterranean regions.
Research on butterfly species shows that females pass on their own experience to their brood, even if it was not ideal. This rapid adaptation allows insects to adapt quickly to changing environments.
Researchers say that the Black Widow controversy sparked by her romantic subplot with Bruce Banner fueled a surge in online sexism and misogyny. Fan anger over the scene where Natasha Romanoff confesses to being sterilized was partly due to a growing female fan culture, as well as the underrepresentation of women in comics.
Researchers will develop computational methods to analyze millions of genomic variants and narrow down the set of candidate disease-causing variants. They aim to understand how non-coding genetic variation affects gene regulation and disease risk.
Researchers at NIST have teleported quantum information over 100km of optical fiber, four times farther than the previous record. The experiment confirmed that quantum communication is feasible over long distances in fiber.
The UCSB organic chemistry team, led by Bruce Lipshutz, developed an ecofriendly approach to the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, significantly reducing palladium requirements. By using iron salt as a palladium substitute, they eliminated heat input and organic solvents, creating a more sustainable process.
New study on Karoo Basin finds no support for climate aridification, floral collapse, and tetrapod turnover as part of the extinction event. Multidisciplinary data indicate that terrestrial response occurred earlier than previously thought.
A team of engineers from Vanderbilt University developed the first integrated circularly polarized light detector on a silicon chip. The device uses metamaterials to detect the polarization state of light and has potential applications in drug screening, surveillance, optical communications, and quantum computing.
Researchers from Ghent University have developed a new rice prototype with stable folate content, which remains effective upon long-term storage. This breakthrough can offer a solution to health problems related to folate deficiency in developing countries.
The Queensland University of Technology has created a virtual dinosaur zoo featuring five iconic Australian species, including Australovenator and Muttaburrasaurus. The interactive learning display allows for realistic movements and behaviors, backed by the latest research and evidence.
Scientists of KIT and universities develop the first all-optical, non-volatile on-chip memory using phase change materials, allowing for fast data storage and potentially increasing computer performance and reducing energy consumption. The new memory can store data for decades even when power is removed.
Researchers have successfully isolated human muscle stem cells that can robustly replicate and repair damaged muscles when grafted onto an injured site. The findings hold promise for patients with severe muscle injury, paralysis, or genetic diseases like muscular dystrophy.
Researchers have discovered that vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) can be used to capture and store greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide more effectively than traditional adsorption materials. The study found that adjusting the morphological parameters of VACNTs can significantly impact gas adsorption.
Researchers have developed an open-source computational tool to calculate van der Waals forces between molecules and predict molecular organization. The software, Gecko Hamaker, enables the design and fabrication of new mesoscale systems with improved stability and functionality.
A researcher from Florida Atlantic University has developed a novel way to monitor sickle cell disease using a smartphone. The technology uses a portable smart sensor and phone application to analyze blood test results, enabling patients to track abnormal activities in their blood cells and take early intervention steps.
A long-term follow-up study found that men with comorbidity and a prior heart attack who received androgen deprivation therapy had a higher risk of fatal heart attacks. The study suggests that treatment with radiation therapy alone may be a safer option for these patients.
A new smart lab robot system optimizes cancer treatment by finding the best combination of drugs to kill cancer cells without harming healthy ones. The robot is part of a broader effort to improve cancer treatment research and find new drug compounds for resistant cells.
Researchers found a novel connection between the size of the choroid plexus and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), with nearly one-fifth larger choroid plexus in CRPS patients compared to healthy control subjects. The study suggests that the central nervous system plays an important role in the disease.
A new study by the Scripps Research Institute has identified a specific molecule called RGS7 that controls morphine receptor signaling in brain cells. Without this protein, animals were more prone to morphine addiction. The findings suggest that RGS7 could be a potential drug target for developing less-addictive pain medications.
A review of 54 studies from 20 countries found that people in addiction treatment have a much higher smoking rate, 84% vs 31%, for the general population. The study suggests that addressing tobacco use is crucial to improve substance treatment outcomes.
A large meta-analysis of four studies involving nearly 250,000 individuals found no association between moderate coffee consumption and increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The study's results suggest that people who like coffee can safely continue to consume it in moderation without the risk of developing this condition.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are working on developing a hybrid walking exoskeleton that combines functional electrical stimulation (FES) and powered frames. The goal is to create a more efficient and effective system for paraplegics to walk, with potential applications in rehabilitation science and consumer technology.
A study found that probiotic formula can reverse cow's milk allergies in infants by altering their gut bacteria. Infants who developed tolerance to cow's milk had higher levels of beneficial bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, which help maintain gut homeostasis.
A new study reveals that nearly 73% of sleep apnea patients have clinically significant depressive symptoms, which improve substantially when treated with CPAP therapy. Treatment adherence was associated with reduced depressive symptoms, including suicidal ideation.
A study suggests that radiation therapy alone is associated with decreased overall and cardiac mortality in men with unfavorable-risk prostate cancer and moderate or severe comorbidity. In contrast, the combination of radiation therapy and androgen deprivation therapy may not provide additional benefits for these patients.
Researchers have found that a protein called FAK plays a key role in the development of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. A two-drug combination has been shown to be more effective than everolimus alone in killing cancer cells and reducing tumor volume.
A new method for testing human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been developed, allowing for the evaluation of their differentiation potential. This approach uses pathway activation profiling to identify impaired iPSC lines and predict in vitro differentiation capabilities.
Researchers found fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells (FCPCs) have superior cartilage repair capabilities than mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). FCPCs showed yields approximately 24 times greater and possess self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation abilities.
Researchers at NIAID can detect infectious prion protein in mouse brains within a week of inoculation, surpassing prior detection times of six weeks. The study found that the protein was generated outside blood vessels in a specific brain region where drug treatment could be targeted.
A new study will follow 800 recently released detainees from the Genesee County Jail in Flint, Michigan, and the Department of Corrections in Cranston, Rhode Island, to track mental health outcomes and compare two intervention strategies.
A breakthrough genetic testing method called VirCapSeq-VERT has been developed to detect and sequence viral infections. The platform enables simultaneous testing for hundreds of different viruses and provides near-complete genome sequencing.
Researchers attached geolocators to Prothonotary Warblers in Louisiana, tracking their migration patterns that spanned at least 5,000 miles across seven countries. The study provides new insights into the birds' migratory behavior and wintering locations.
Scientists have discovered that the gut microbiome of right whales and other baleen species shares traits with both cows and meat-eating predators. This dual microbial community enables whales to digest not only copepods but also their chitin-rich shells, providing a significant nutritional benefit.
Tropical Depression 21W has formed in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, with cold cloud top temperatures indicating heavy rainfall potential. The depression is currently moving northwest at 11 knots and is expected to strengthen into a tropical storm by September 24.
Researchers have described a new hadrosaur species, Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis, which grew up to 30 feet long and lived in darkness for months during the Cretaceous Period. The discovery provides evidence of a distinct, polar fauna in what is now northern Alaska.
European minks face significant reproductive challenges due to habitat destruction and competition with American minks. Scientists have successfully developed a non-invasive method to analyze faecal samples, revealing that mating can occur more frequently than previously thought.
Researchers at James Cook University have developed a new method using household vinegar to kill the Crown of Thorns Starfish, a major contributor to coral reef decline. The treatment shows a 100% kill rate and is significantly cheaper than existing methods.
Scientists have found that neurons in a little-studied part of the brain become more active with age, leading to potential new treatments for memory loss and Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that future therapies will need to account for different effects across various brain regions.