A new Lund University study found that both amyloid PET imaging and cerebrospinal fluid samples are effective methods for detecting early-stage Alzheimer's disease. The two methods identified approximately 90% of patients with the disease, making them equally viable options.
Research findings suggest that intensive care units (ICUs) may be beneficial for older adults with pneumonia, with a nearly 6% improvement in survival associated with ICU admission. The costs to Medicare and hospitals were the same for both groups, despite the ICU's reputation as a high-cost place to care for patients.
Researchers propose a new technique to detect stars at galactic center by looking for radio waves from supersonic stars. Stars with high speeds can create shock waves, producing radio emission that can be detected.
A study of Medicare beneficiaries found that older patients with pneumonia who were admitted to the ICU had lower mortality rates compared to those admitted to general wards. The study also showed no significant differences in Medicare spending or hospital costs between the two groups.
A 10-week randomized trial showed significantly reduced measures of agitation in patients treated with dextromethorphan-quinidine, with an average 51% reduction compared to placebo. The combination medication was associated with a lower risk of adverse events and cognitive impairment.
SABEL Sense technology offers an alternative to GPS for tracking running speeds and distances, presenting a viable solution for improved athlete assessment techniques. The technology has been found to be highly accurate for running speeds, with potential benefits in monitoring training and game workloads.
The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, threatens US tomato crops with potential crop loss of up to 100%, prompting Virginia Tech-led recommendations for quarantine measures and monitoring programs. World production of tomatoes is approximately 163 million tons annually.
A large cohort study found that increased fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with lower weight gain in adults. The study of over 133,000 participants found that eating more fruits and certain non-starchy vegetables was inversely linked to weight change over 24 years.
A new open-access article provides an overview of the olive fruit fly, its biology and life history, and current control methods. The article discusses various techniques, including biological control programs and cultural practices, to help manage commercial olive orchards.
A national school-based mental health program reduced mental health symptoms and improved school attendance among participating students. The program, established in Chile, teaches key mental health skills to children, parents, and teachers.
A study found that male lizards' bright colors signal attraction to females but increase risk of being attacked by birds. Despite this, 83% of male lizard models survived over five days due to color adaptations.
Researchers at UCI have found a biomarker for diagnosing certain forms of autism, which involves a cellular calcium signaling process. The study also points to potential new drug discovery advances by targeting the inositol trisphosphate receptor, a key player in this process.
Two Korean research teams have discovered the redox-switch of thiolase, a key enzyme involved in n-butanol biosynthesis. This finding enables increased n-butanol production using metabolic engineering approaches.
Researchers uncover interesting revelations about the vaccinia virus through DNA sequencing data and historical accounts. The study suggests that the Brazilian VACV-IOC strain may have originated from a French Beaugency strain, challenging previous assumptions.
A study published in PeerJ found that people can be identified by their airborne bacterial emissions, which are distinct from those of others. The researchers detected individual signatures within 4 hours using high-throughput sequencing and analyzed settled particles.
A small study highlights how former problem drinkers determine whether to disclose their non-drinking status in social situations, often weighing the risk of social stigma. Most participants reported stressing that it was okay for others to drink around them, while some opted to avoid the issue altogether.
A study of nearly 26,000 patients found that DNR orders were not aligned with their predicted neurological survival rates, particularly for those with the worst prognosis. Patients without DNR orders had a significantly higher rate of favorable neurological survival.
A recent study found that reduced prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening led to a decline in intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer diagnoses by 28% over a year. However, this reduction also resulted in delayed diagnoses of important cancers in men who may benefit from treatment, according to investigators.
A meta-analysis of 42 studies found that goal-based, computerized feedback is the best approach to reduce energy use. Feedback on progress towards personal energy use goals was more effective than comparing energy usage to neighbors.
A recent analysis suggests that devastating ultra-rare mutations in vulnerable genes play a causal role in roughly half of all ASD cases. The study identifies 239 genes whose 'vulnerability' to such mutations makes them priority research targets.
Researchers at the University of Montreal developed rapid and inexpensive medical diagnostic tests using DNA molecules. The new technology detects protein markers linked to various diseases and can be used to build point-of-care devices for quick medical diagnosis, potentially impacting global health.
Tropical Depression 16E made landfall in northwestern Mexico on September 21, bringing heavy rainfall and threatening life-threatening flash floods. The depression is expected to produce 3-5 inches of rain across the northern Baja California peninsula and Sonora, with isolated amounts of up to 12 inches possible.
Researchers developed a four-dimensional printing technology using smart shape-memory materials to create complex self-folding structures. The technology enables sequential folding and unfolding of 3-D objects in response to stimuli like temperature, moisture, or light.
A multi-agency study found that severe El Niño and La Niña events will cause an increase in storm events leading to extreme coastal flooding and erosion. The research analyzed coastal data from across the Pacific Ocean basin and determined that all Pacific regions were affected during either an El Niño or La Niña year.
Researchers found that a high-fat diet can cause defective brain signaling in mice, leading to overeating and obesity. Understanding this mechanism may help prevent obesity and reduce its incidence worldwide.
Newborns in clinical trials are often denied analgesia for minor painful procedures, despite international guidelines. A recent review found that up to 70% of control group babies received no pain treatment.
A new study by researchers at St. Michael's Hospital found that patients in Ontario who received primary care from a family health team had improved diabetes care, including increased monitoring and management. However, the impact on cancer screening was mixed, with some areas showing improvement while others did not.
A team of researchers at Michigan State University has created a synthetic protein that improves the assembly of carbon-fixing factories in cyanobacteria, enabling more efficient biofuel production. The new protein also provides a proof of concept for improving plant photosynthesis or installing new metabolic pathways in bacteria.
A virulent strain of BVDV-2c virus affected over 5,000 cattle in Germany, causing severe symptoms and significant economic losses. The study suggests that farmers and people who visit farms should take biosecurity measures to prevent disease transmission.
Research at HFES 2015 Annual Meeting highlights the importance of social cues in evaluating trust in human-robot interaction. Participants' attitudes toward robots were influenced by politeness, with rudeness overshadowing demographic differences.
A randomized trial will recruit 3,000 women with Stage II and III breast cancer to receive either aspirin or a placebo. The study aims to determine if aspirin can prevent breast cancer recurrence and death, with potential benefits including enhanced survival and reduced costs in developing nations.
A study based on over 10 million patients found that family health teams led to improved diabetes monitoring and screening rates. Patients in these teams were more likely to receive recommended testing and screenings for breast cancer and colorectal cancer.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Macrostomum lignano, a flatworm that can regrow its body parts, to gain insights into its regenerative abilities and advance stem cell biology. The genome's complex structure holds promise for studying developmental pathways and gene expression involved in regeneration.
Researchers at UMMS have discovered a new pathway that triggers regeneration of beta cells in the pancreas. This innovative approach may aid in the development of diabetes treatments by increasing the number of insulin-producing cells in response to increased demand.
A new study found no significant differences in self-care activities and diabetes test results between patients of nurse prescribers and non-prescribers. Despite the benefits of prescribing qualification, budget concerns may lead primary care practices to invest in lower-paid nurses.
A Mayo Clinic study examines the adoption and cessation of calcium magnesium (CaMg) use for oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy, highlighting the challenges of translating research into clinical practice. The study reveals a decade-long cycle of rapid changes in treatment, driven by emerging evidence and public perception.
The study found that political marketing used hashtags and mentioned candidates by username, while citizens commented on news and gave opinions during debates. Citizens' conversations were more dismissive and influenced by campaign controversies.
Researchers found that women with pre-eclampsia, pre-term delivery, and small-for-gestational-age delivery are at increased risk of CVD death. High blood pressure, glycosuria, and hemoglobin decline during pregnancy also predict CVD risk. Early detection and preventive care can help prevent heart disease deaths.
Researchers repurposed salsalate to reverse tau-related dysfunction in an animal model of frontotemporal dementia, effectively lowering tau levels and rescuing memory impairments.
Research suggests that sexual activity does not increase the risk of heart attack and can be resumed after a heart attack. Most patients are safe to engage in sex again, with less than half of men and one-third of women receiving information on this topic from their doctors.
A new tool, phenix.diffuse, enables calculating diffuse scattering from Protein Data Bank-formatted structural ensembles, addressing the need for computational modelling and validation tools. The technique helps extract evidence of concerted motion in single crystal forms, where high-quality data sets are limited by long X-ray exposures.
A recent University of Eastern Finland study found that spousal and family caregivers experiencing depressive symptoms after an Alzheimer's diagnosis experience greater psychological stress. The study suggests it is essential to consider the caregiver's mental health at diagnosis time for providing adequate support.
A new animal study reveals that traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects the body as well as the brain, leading to chronic inflammation, nerve cell death, and reduced blood flow. Treatment with hypertension drugs blocks the production of proteins related to inflammation, potentially healing the brain.
A new thermal cloak developed by researchers in Singapore can render objects thermally invisible by redirecting incident heat. The active thermal cloaking system has the potential to fine-tune temperature distribution and heat flow in electronic and semiconductor systems.
Researchers have identified a key role for the WWOX gene in suppressing cancer development. Lower levels of WWOX are associated with more aggressive and treatment-resistant cancers. The study suggests that targeting the enzyme activity of WWOX could influence cancer cell properties.
A new Harvard study finds that the supply of wind and solar power could be increased tenfold without additional storage, making gas turbines cost-effective carbon mitigation candidates. Low capital cost and good emissions performance also make them a viable alternative to intermittent renewables.
Boston Medical Center (BMC) has significantly reduced the average wait time for pediatric patients experiencing severe pain from sickle cell disease from 56 minutes to 23 minutes. The hospital's quality improvement initiative also improved care by reducing the time to administer pain medication and increase patient-controlled analgesics.
Research on the native ifit tree highlights the trade-off between increasing tree growth and reducing wood density due to insect damage. Conservation efforts may compromise the ecosystem's balance, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach.
A new study quantifies the synergy of sea-level rise and big coastal storms, projecting a 4-75 fold increase in flood index across the US East coast by 2100. The combined effects of these two climate hazards could produce alarming spikes in flooding, with projections suggesting a 35 to 350 times increase in the Northeast.
A new study found that deforestation in Borneo's forests leads to a decline in frog species richness, with only 20% of primary forest species remaining in young oil palm plantations. The study highlights the need for rigorously enforcing riparian buffer zones to mitigate the impact of industrial monocultures on amphibian populations.
A novel study measures working memory deficits and cognitive recovery in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) using functional neuroimaging. Cognitive improvement is found to correspond with normalization of activation patterns on fMRI, suggesting a potential early biomarker for predicting recovery.
A study found that 4- and 5-year-olds who played a video game after a two-day delay scored more than 20 percent higher than kids who re-played it later the same day. The researchers discovered 'delayed remembering,' a phenomenon where children can recall previously forgotten information days later.
A study of early-stage supermarket adoption in India finds that the lower middle class is driving growth and will drive demand for modern grocery retail. Supermarkets are more popular among upper and middle-middle classes, while mom-and-pop 'kirana' stores appeal to lower-income shoppers who value credit and home delivery services.
A new study found that species extinction can lead to secondary extinctions of parasites, compromising ecosystem stability and biodiversity. Researchers identified key host species that contribute to the overall network structure of fish communities and are essential for maintaining a healthy ecosystem.
A new bowel cancer screening test has seen low uptake in pilot areas, with only half of those invited taking the opportunity. Despite its potential to reduce cases by up to 33%, more men than women took the test, and people from poorer neighbourhoods were less likely to participate.
GeoS uses a combination of computer vision and natural language processing to solve geometry questions. It achieved an SAT score of 500 out of 800, equivalent to the average test score for 2015.
Researchers are exploring how minerals from a healthy diet can be used in bioelectronics to create ingestible devices that power electronic pills. The goal is to reduce the amount of expensive medications needed for each patient, making them more cost-effective.
A combination of two drugs has been found to shrink pancreatic tumors in laboratory mice. The treatment, which targets the cell's DNA rather than proteins, also slowed the growth of human lung cancer cells. Researchers are now working to test this treatment in humans with pancreatic cancer.
Researchers have developed a new stretchable, transparent conductor that can withstand over 10,000 strain cycles without showing signs of fatigue. The material, made by pairing gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate, has potential applications in foldable electronics and implantable medical devices.
Researchers discovered genetic changes in premalignant lung lesions that occurred before cancerous growth, detectable in blood samples. The findings suggest that circulating DNA can be used to identify patients at risk of developing lung cancer, enabling early intervention and potentially improving treatment outcomes.