LUX scientists have improved the detector's sensitivity for low-mass dark matter particles, enhancing their ability to detect WIMPs. The new calibrations help rule out potential detections at low-mass ranges where other experiments had previously reported results.
Astronomers have studied ten hot Jupiter-sized exoplanets in detail using Hubble and Spitzer telescopes. The results show that planetary atmospheres are more diverse than expected, with some planets containing clouds and haze that hide water from view. This solves the mystery of why some exoplanets appear to have less water than expected.
Improved screening and detection efforts have reduced cancer incidence and mortality rates in several common types of cancer in high-income countries. However, many low-and middle-income countries have seen a rise in cancer rates due to factors such as lifestyle changes and inadequate screening or prevention measures.
A new study found that microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea, might be responsible for some of the natural gas harvested by hydraulic fracturing operations. The microbes are thought to be introduced into the shale through the fracturing fluid, which can create a new ecosystem that enhances methane production.
Research using eye-tracking technology reveals that alternative production methods positively influence purchasing behavior, while price and limited space are common barriers. The study provides valuable recommendations for plant producers and retailers to improve indoor foliage plant sales.
A York University study found that vaccination strategies should be adjusted based on region-specific characteristics, such as age demographics and virus transmission rates. Early vaccination leads to better public health outcomes, including reduced infection rates, hospitalizations, and stress on healthcare systems.
Researchers analyzed neuronal avalanches in the human brain during perceptual tasks, discovering a high degree of similarity in temporal and spatial distribution. The study provides an analytic 'biometric' technique to link MEG-generated data to specific individuals.
Research identifies abnormal cell cycle gene activity as a common underlying factor for brain overgrowth and undergrowth in autistic toddlers. The study found that disruptions in cell cycle networks, which control prenatal neuron production, contribute to abnormal early brain growth.
Researchers have identified two distinct species of little blue penguins in Australia and New Zealand, based on genetic analysis. The study reveals that the birds' calls and mating habits differ between the two populations.
Experts discuss real-world use of PrEP (preexposure prophylaxis) for HIV prevention, highlighting a substantial reduction in transmission among patients on a daily combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine. Non-pharmacologic alternatives to reduce risk are also explored.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study found that the majority of opioid prescriptions are distributed by large numbers of general practitioners, not just a small group of specialists. The top 10 percent of opioid prescribers account for 57 percent of prescriptions, similar to the overall prescribing pattern for all drugs.
Researchers at Griffith University have made a groundbreaking discovery about how bacteria interact with human cells, revealing high-affinity biomolecular interactions between glycans that were previously thought to be weak or non-existent. This finding opens up new avenues for developing vaccines and drugs to block infections.
A nearly complete skeleton of a well-preserved early carnivorous mammal, Galecyon, has shed light on the ecology and evolutionary relationships of hyaenodontids. The fossil, dating back to the Eocene Epoch, suggests that these ancient animals were adaptable ground-dwelling creatures, unlike their tree-climbing or runner relatives.
The ICZN has set up an endowment fund to protect its long-term viability, receiving gifts totaling S$1.35 million from the Lee Foundation and other benefactors. This will support the operations of the ICZN Secretariat, with the goal of fully funding its office in Singapore for perpetuity.
Researchers have created more efficient nanoparticles in fuel cells, improving the conversion of methanol into electrical energy. The study provides guidelines for controlling the charge of nanoparticles, a crucial step in optimizing catalytic efficiency.
The ASCB's Celldance Studios released three new award videos featuring eye-popping live cell imaging, showcasing cancer research breakthroughs and the dynamic cell membrane. The videos capture moments of metastasizing cancer cells breaking through blood vessel walls and the exploration of churning lipids and proteins on the cell surface.
Researchers found that vitamin A can reactivate the HOXA5 protein in cancer cells, eliminating relapse and metastasis. This approach offers a new way to treat colon cancer by targeting a specific biological mechanism.
A new mouse model study suggests that the death of specific brain cells may trigger an autoimmune response against myelin, a characteristic of multiple sclerosis. Nanoparticle therapy has been shown to prevent this reaction, offering potential new treatments for humans.
Researchers have developed a new diagnostic method for a deadly fungal lung infection in leukemia patients, offering improved early detection and treatment options. The breakthrough uses distinct test results to identify the infectious mold, potentially refining diagnostics and improving survival rates.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz found that the appearance of blueschist, a blue-violet rock, is connected to long-term changes in the composition of the oceanic crust. This discovery challenges theories on the emergence of plate tectonics, which previously dated back to the Neoproterozoic era or even earlier.
Researchers found that wider in-row spacings and row configurations with three- or four-row setups result in higher yields and better marketable cabbage heads. In-row spacings between 30-35 cm are recommended for early plantings, while 25-cm spacing is more productive for later plantings.
Scientists at the University of Copenhagen have made a groundbreaking discovery in cancer therapy, revealing a new chemical reaction that enables more accurate treatment. This breakthrough has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce damage from traditional radiation therapy.
A new study by Avinash Vaidya and Dr. Lesley Fellows at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital found that the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial in decision-making, recalling the value of objects not directly in view to keep options open.
New research reveals that current genome analysis approaches miss detecting complex cancer mutations in well-known genes that could be targeted by existing drugs. The developed software tool, Pindel-C, identifies a large number of such events in critical cancer genes.
New research suggests that proactively doing things for others can effectively cope with everyday worries and strains. The study found that helping behaviors boosted participants' daily well-being, reducing negative emotions and improving mental health in response to stress.
A new study reveals that exposure to algal toxin domoic acid impairs the memory of California sea lions, affecting their ability to navigate and find food. The researchers found structural abnormalities in the animals' hippocampal regions, which corresponded to poorer performance on spatial memory tasks.
A team of researchers has identified a unique gait pattern among top Russian officials, including President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. The experts link this 'gunslinger's gait' to military or intelligence training, specifically KGB instruction on keeping the weapon close to the chest while walking.
A team of chemists from ITMO University has developed a novel type of firefighting foam based on inorganic silica nanoparticles, beating existing analogues in fire extinguishing capacity and thermal stability. The new foam is fully biodegradable and non-toxic to living organisms.
Dogs drink by accelerating their tongues to create a water column, whereas cats use steady inertia. Researchers used photography and laboratory simulations to study dog lapping, finding that dogs' sloppy-looking actions are high-speed movements optimizing fluid acquisition.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified a key liver protein that accelerates the growth of insulin-producing beta cells, a critical step in treating all forms of diabetes. The protein, serpinB1, was found to be highly expressed in liver cells and boosted beta cell proliferation in human and mouse islets.
Researchers at Brigham Young University have developed technology that measures mouse movements to detect negative emotions such as anger and frustration. This allows websites to adjust their content and eliminate stress for users.
A new study found that pomegranate extract supplementation reduced blood pressure in hemodialysis patients, who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The study also showed some atheroprotective benefits, but no effects on inflammation or muscle strength.
SLU scientist John Tavis has received a $2.2 million NIH grant to develop a cure for the hepatitis B virus. His team aims to create a combination therapy that can kill the virus, which causes chronic infection and liver damage in millions of people worldwide.
Researchers at TU Wien developed a nanoscale device that allows light to propagate in only one direction, breaking the symmetry of traditional optics. By coupling alkali atoms to ultrathin glass fibers, they achieved high transmission rates for light traveling in one direction while blocking it in the other.
Research from the Monell Center found that children's ability to detect sugar varies widely, with some being 20 times more sensitive than others. Genetic analysis revealed a link between bitter receptor genes and sweet taste sensitivity, while dietary records showed a correlation between sugar consumption and body fat.
Researchers found that RNs are more likely than LPNs to detect medication order discrepancies involving high-risk medications, suggesting RNs are better equipped for comprehensive assessment and resident safety. This finding highlights the need to distinguish differences in responsibilities between RNs and LPNs in nursing homes.
A century-old mystery surrounding an invasive ant species has been solved, with scientists finding it originated from Asia. The study used genetic analysis and distribution maps to confirm the correct answer.
EPIC captures daily views of Earth's clouds, land surfaces, and aerosols, yielding insights into climate change. The satellite's data also reveals the progression of Sahara dust across the Atlantic Ocean in real-time.
Researchers have developed a hybrid material that can change shape in response to different stimuli, such as light and heat. The material combines photo-responsive fibers with thermo-responsive gels to create a composite that is both highly reconfigurable and mechanically strong.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have discovered that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) rearrange the extracellular matrix into parallel fibers of fibronectin, creating a road for migrating cancer cells to follow. This allows CAFs to exert traction forces on the ECM, enabling cancer cells to move in a single direction.
New research shows ancient millet played a key role in the development of multi-crop agriculture, leading to the rise of settled societies. Millet was carried across Eurasia by shepherds and herders, who combined it with other crops to create 'multi-cropping' systems.
Mexican authorities instituted an emergency ban on gillnetting to save the critically endangered vaquita, with scientists reporting a hopeful model for sustainable fishing coexistence. Researchers also presented studies on declining polar bears and potential methods to reduce bycatch in non-mechanized fisheries.
Researchers have developed a non-destructive inspection method using terahertz waves to visualize PC steel wires hidden inside concrete and steel bridges. This technology is particularly useful for extradosed bridges where the wires are covered in resin jackets, reducing the risk of corrosion during inspections.
Researchers at Houston Methodist Hospital developed a suicide gene therapy that combines radiation treatment with a genetically modified virus to target and destroy cancer cells. The treatment shows high five-year overall survival rates of 97% and 94%, improving upon historical studies by 5-20%.
Researchers discovered four linguistic factors indicative of dementia: semantic impairment, acoustic impairment, syntactic impairment, and information impairment. The automated technology provides an objective diagnostic rating for dementia, surpassing the current initial assessment tool used by healthcare professionals.
Researchers found that paying attention to results of a simple blood test can help predict the likelihood of patients experiencing kidney failure or death. The studies emphasize the importance of monitoring measures of kidney function over time to inform treatment decisions.
The new center aims to harmonize electric vehicle charging infrastructure, enabling seamless communication between cars and grids. It drafts international standards for interoperability testing and develops physical devices to connect vehicles to the grid.
A study published in Gastroenterology reveals that the inhibition of CPEB4 protein can prevent the development of abnormal blood vessels associated with cirrhosis. This finding has significant implications for the treatment of this disease, which is responsible for a high rate of hospital admissions and use of health resources.
A new study finds that counseling before discharge from maternity units can impact subsequent contraceptive use, while integrating family planning into immunization services is justified. Relaxing strict LAM conditions may also be an effective postpartum contraceptive method, highlighting the need for a continuum of reproductive health...
Researchers identify two cancer phenotype clusters based on endocytic dysfunction in non-small cell lung cancers, one marked by KRAS mutations and the other by epithelial changes. This study provides a new approach to distinguishing cancer subtypes using endocytic activity.
A team of researchers at Penn State has received a $10.2 million grant to study a new malaria-prevention method involving eave tubes with insecticide-laced netting. The approach aims to limit mosquito access to houses and reduce indoor mosquito densities by up to 90 percent.
A workplace intervention program significantly reduced fasting blood sugar levels and led to greater weight loss compared to a control group. Participants who attended more group discussion sessions and monitored their food and physical activity lost more weight.
Researchers at Arizona State University have created a worldwide resource to explore genes' deep and hidden messages, specifically the untranslated elements (UTRs) of the human genome. The UTRome library contains over 1,400 human 3'UTRs and is freely available for researchers to study gene regulation and disease.
Research by Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso finds that exposure to violence in Mexico leads to high levels of depression, aggression, anxiety, and attention deficit disorder in children. The study highlights the need for early intervention to reduce mental health problems in youth living in violent areas.
Healthism, a peremptory idea of self-preserving behavior, criticizes everything that fails to fit into glamorous health standards. Angelina Jolie syndrome is an extreme manifestation of this obsession, leading to mass neurosis and social discrimination against those who don't conform to beauty norms.
Researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 to guide human pluripotent stem cells into becoming a lab model for polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a common inherited disorder. The system produced stable, biologically accurate human models with cyst-like structures in kidney tubules.
Thyroid cancer patients report poor quality of life after diagnosis and treatment compared to other patients with more lethal cancers. Researchers found that thyroid cancer survivors reported an average quality of life score of 5.56 out of 10, which is worse than other cancer types.
Researchers at UC Davis have demonstrated that DNA can be modulated to act as an electromechanical switch, enabling the design of unique nanodevices. The discovery could lead to new paradigms for computing and improve energy efficiency in electronic devices.
A study of postmenopausal women with DCIS found that anastrozole and tamoxifen caused different symptom profiles. Hot flashes were more common in the tamoxifen group, while musculoskeletal complaints and vaginal problems were more prevalent in those receiving anastrozole.
Tropical cyclone Bohale's powerful thunderstorms were dropping rain at a rate of over 77 mm per hour near its center of circulation. A 3-D image created using GPM data showed the structure of precipitation within the storm, with thunderstorm tops reaching heights above 16.6 km.