A new study published in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition found that credentialed providers have a significantly higher understanding of nutrition support practice. The study's results showed that credentialed providers answered 6.18 out of 8 questions correctly, compared to non-credentialed providers who answered 4.56 q...
A new study found that girls who perceive their mathematical ability as strong and open to growth are more likely to pursue careers in math-intensive fields. Schools, families, and policymakers can help shift perceptions to increase female participation in STEM fields.
A new study reveals that humans deliberately caused about a third of floods in southwestern Netherlands between 1500 and 2000. The deliberate flooding was used as a tactic during the Eighty Years' War, with significant changes to the landscape resulting from these inundations.
A research group at Disney Research Pittsburgh developed a computer vision system that continuously improves its ability to recognize objects by picking up hints from videos. The system outperformed other methods in detecting various objects, including microwave ovens and stoves.
The STAR collaboration has observed a 'chiral magnetic wave' rippling through the quark-gluon plasma created at RHIC's energetic particle smashups. This finding provides evidence for the chiral magnetic effect, a quantum phenomenon causing electric charge separation along the axis of a magnetic field.
A Chinese research team proposes a novel approach to verify the correctness of high-speed train control systems, combining simulation and formal verification. The method models the system using Simulink/Stateflow and then transforms it into a formal Hybrid CSP model for verification, advancing the state-of-the-art in verifying train co...
Researchers have identified glass formations on Mars that could preserve signs of ancient biological activity. The glass-rich impactites found by Kevin Cannon and John Mustard are preserved on billion-year timescales and could provide a promising target for searching for possible ancient Martian life.
A new NYU study finds that healthcare workers' wages are only slightly higher than those in other sectors, and professional staff like doctors and nurses earn more due to their education and experience. To contain healthcare costs, the study suggests improving productivity through using fewer or less-skilled employees to produce services
A $3.5 million grant will support 100 first-grade classrooms in Sacramento and Houston, teaching specific skills to struggling readers. The program aims to improve both basic reading skills and comprehension, with preliminary data showing a positive impact on struggling readers.
A new molecular imaging agent has been developed to detect prostate cancer that has spread to other tissues. The agent targets the PSMA enzyme, which is associated with prostate cancer, and has shown high accuracy in detecting disease sites, including those not identified by conventional methods.
Researchers at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution discovered that methane formation occurs independently of venting process and is produced on geological time scales deep beneath seafloor. Abiotic compound formate is formed during vent circulation process, providing evidence for purely chemical processes in origin of life.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have discovered a way to manipulate magnetic information using heat. They create a separation of electron spins in a magnetic material, generating a spin current that can be used to control nanomagnets.
A new study found that calcineurin inhibitor-based medications used by organ transplant recipients significantly lower the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease compared to national data. The research suggests that this treatment strategy may offer a protective effect against the development and progression of Alzheimer's.
The ELIXA study found no increased risk of cardiovascular death, heart attack, stroke, or heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes taking lixisenatide. Lixisenatide also showed a modest benefit for weight control and no increase in hypoglycemia or pancreatic injury risk.
Researchers identify a new autophagy receptor, FAM134B, which ensures proper breakdown and disposal of dysfunctional endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in FAM134B cause rare hereditary disease HSAN II, highlighting the importance of autophagy in cellular quality control.
A specialized PET tracer has been developed to visualize the function of nerve cells that lead to neuronal loss and cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. The tracer binds to a transporter of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, allowing for the quantification of cholinergic neuron loss and its effects on cognition.
A nationwide study reveals a significant rise in marijuana exposure among children under 5, with over 75% of cases involving ingestion. The study calls for states to include child safety measures in their laws when considering marijuana legalization.
A survey of nearly 3,000 low-income adults in Arkansas, Kentucky, and Texas found that state policies significantly affect awareness, application rates, and successful enrollment under the Affordable Care Act. Latinos were less likely to complete the application process compared to non-Latino whites.
Researchers have developed three new MRI agents that successfully target the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) biomarker in multiple cancers. PSMA is found in both primary and metastatic prostate tumors, as well as in newly developing blood vessels of many non-prostate cancers.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute found that a natural compound called leinamycin (LNM) E1 can be activated by reactive oxygen species, leading to DNA damage and cell death in cancer cells. The study reveals promising therapeutic potential for LNM E1 against prostate and other cancers.
Researchers found that genetic mutations accepted by evolution are contingent upon previous mutations, making predictions of long-term evolution challenging. The study also revealed that mutations become entrenched and increasingly difficult to revert over time, supporting the idea that evolution is unpredictable and irreversible.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that lixisenatide did not increase risk of cardiovascular events in a large, double-blind trial involving over 6,000 type 2 diabetes patients. The study's results provide reassurance for healthcare providers about the cardiovascular safety of this widely prescribed glucose-lowering drug.
A new study published in Journal of Clinical Oncology finds that early palliative care consultation within six days of hospitalization reduces hospital costs by $1,312 compared to traditional care. Early provision also leads to a 14% reduction in hospital stay cost.
A new study suggests that EU forests have the potential to supply significantly more woody biomass than currently used, but this comes with trade-offs for biodiversity and other ecosystem services. The findings highlight the need for careful planning to balance wood production with protection of biodiversity.
Boosting a naturally occurring molecule in the body can help protect against obesity-related diseases by reducing inflammation in fat tissues. The study found significant disease improvement, primarily affecting fat tissue, and demonstrated the potential of fundamental research to reduce inflammation.
Researchers found that faster-evolving viruses like H3N2 spread globally rapidly but die out quickly between epidemics, while slower-evolving viruses like H1N1 and B viruses circulate continuously worldwide. The study also highlights the crucial role of India in the global spread of seasonal influenza viruses.
The California Academy of Sciences has made over 100 new marine discoveries in the Philippines, showcasing the country's remarkable biodiversity. The expedition focused on the Verde Island Passage, where scientists collected rare and colorful sea slugs, barnacles, and heart urchins.
Research from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that stricter driver licensing laws in Massachusetts led to a 40% reduction in fatal crashes among 16-17 year old drivers. Police-reported crashes decreased by 19%, with nighttime crashes dropping by 29%.
The hybrid scanner combines conventional MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, positron imaging, luminescence imaging, and fluorescence microscopy to provide high-resolution multimodal intra-vital imaging. This allows researchers to study tumor biology and develop targeted therapies by analyzing the co-registration of multiple imaging data lines.
A new tool reveals that people with a high bias blind spot are less accurate at evaluating their abilities relative to others and tend to ignore expert advice, ultimately affecting decision-making quality.
Kevin Morano, a microbiologist at UTHealth, has been recognized for his exceptional teaching skills by the Minnie Stevens Piper Foundation. He is one of 10 Piper Professors for 2015 and will receive a $5,000 award.
Researchers have developed a new microscope technique using holographic images and machine-learning software to identify bacterial species at the single bacterium level. The approach has shown high accuracy in distinguishing between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, promising to reduce treatment time and improve patient outcomes.
A recent study published in SLEEP found that children with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have impaired emotional, physical, and social functioning due to poorer sleep quality. The study also revealed that children with TBI experience greater daytime sleepiness compared to healthy children.
In Alberta, six active fires larger than 2500 hectares have been detected, with the largest fire at 10,000 hectares near Wood Buffalo National Park. In Saskatchewan, 47 active wildfires are burning, including one out of control at 4,678 hectares near Buffalo Narrows.
A new tool can accurately predict the risk of death for patients within 1 year after hospital admission, using routinely collected data. The Hospital-patient One-year Mortality Risk (HOMR) model takes into consideration patient characteristics such as age, sex, and number of illnesses.
Scientists detected a distinct accumulation of mutations at sites where CTCF and cohesin bind DNA, protecting these sites from mutations. The study's findings reveal new insights into the regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure in cancer.
Scientists have developed a new type of sensor using a composite material that interacts with CO2 molecules, changing its conductivity depending on the concentration. The sensor can measure CO2 concentrations over a wide range without requiring high temperatures or energy.
Researchers have developed a cloud-based software that analyzes and standardizes PET imaging data, allowing for earlier and more accurate diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease. The program uses machine learning to compare patients' scans with normal and abnormal scans, providing consistent results and quantifying PET data accurately.
A new study published in AIDS found that homophobia reduces the use of HIV prevention services and compromises health service quality among gay and bisexual men. Men living in homophobic countries are also at a heightened risk of disease, despite limited access to prevention services.
A new technique combines dynamic PET imaging with parametric tumor mapping to detect tumors and metastases throughout the body, providing quantitative evaluation and improved contrast. This method has the potential to be used for early diagnosis and more accurate prognosis of various cancers.
Researchers have found that administering antibiotics for only four days is as effective as treatments spanning eight days for complicated abdominal infections. This breakthrough suggests that doctors can provide treatment that is both effective and conservative in its antibiotic use, reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Researchers from the University of the Basque Country have identified key volatile compounds in damaged walnuts that attract insect pests, threatening California's walnut harvests. The team has developed a blend of these aromatic compounds to control pests sustainably and reduce pesticide use.
The new cobalt-catalyzed [2π+2π] reaction overcomes limitations of other transition metal catalyzed methods, producing cyclobutane compounds with potentially beneficial properties. The research team used redox active bis(imino)pyridine ligands to pass electrons to and from the metal, leading to a detailed understanding of the mechanism.
A study by Adrian Bejan at Duke University reveals that the ideal fire shape is roughly as tall as it is wide, facilitating efficient air and heat flow. This design enables humans to migrate and spread across the globe, a direct prediction of the Constructal Law.
Researchers have developed an efficient method to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system using electroporation, increasing genome editing speed and throughput in laboratory mice. This technique enables the creation of mouse models of human diseases with unprecedented efficiency and precision.
Studies by Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute found that poorly controlled blood sugar levels result in significantly longer and more expensive hospital stays. Care teams focused on managing diabetes during hospitalization can improve patient outcomes and reduce costs.
Researchers identified a cellular mechanism that can be targeted to treat ALS by increasing levels of protein hUPF1, which successfully protected against cell death in both genetic and sporadic versions of the disease. Treating this pathway may also have implications for frontotemporal dementia.
Researchers found that individuals at risk of hoarding disorder scored higher on surveys measuring sleep habits and quality, suggesting a link between poor sleep and hoarding tendencies. The study highlights the importance of addressing sleep issues in individuals with hoarding behaviors to mitigate cognitive and mental health risks.
Researchers developed a method for fabricating nano-scale electronic scaffolds that can be injected via syringe, monitoring neural activity, stimulating tissues and promoting neuron regeneration. The technology has the potential to revolutionize the interface between electronics and biology.
Researchers used PET/CT with Ga-68 DOTATOC to detect primary tumors in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine cancer. The study found that 28% of patients underwent a major change in cancer management due to the imaging technique.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for chronic insomnia that addresses the underlying causes of insomnia. Studies have shown that CBT improves sleep quality by reducing time spent awake after falling asleep, increasing sleep efficiency, and helping patients enter REM sleep faster.
Researchers found that boys with autism exhibit higher levels of stereotyped behaviors and cognitive difficulties than girls, but these sex differences also appear in children without ASD. The study suggests naturally occurring sex differences in all children may contribute to the observed sex differences in autism.
A new research published in Journal of Clinical Oncology shows that early palliative care intervention results in significant cost reductions for patients with advanced cancer. The study found that an intervention within six days reduced costs by 14% and an intervention within two days led to a 24% reduction in hospital stay costs.
KU Leuven researchers create sustainable process to convert wood waste lignin into chemical building blocks for various products. The resulting chemicals can be used in paint, insulation foam, and several other applications.
Researchers found minimal variation in weathering rates of silicate rocks between glacial and interglacial periods, contradicting expectations. The study used a geochemical technique to analyze beryllium isotopes in marine sediments, revealing stable runoff and weathering fluxes into the oceans.
Researchers at Georgia State University found that chimpanzees can adjust their behavior based on confidence in their responses to memory tests. The study suggests that chimpanzees share with humans the capacity for metacognitive monitoring, which reflects a form of cognitive control underlying intelligent decision-making across species.
Research shows amyloid PET scans improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes for Alzheimer's patients, especially when used after an indeterminate FDG-PET scan. The study found that 17% of patients who received an amyloid scan experienced statistically significant improvements in cognition over a two-year follow-up.
Researchers found that inherent nervous system delays can enable individuals to anticipate others' movements, challenging traditional views. The study used a feedback delay to improve coordination between unpredictable movements, with promising implications for robotics and artificial systems.
Researchers use ALMA to image massive galaxy SDP.81, located 11.7 billion light-years away, and reveal its inner structure, including giant molecular clouds and supermassive black hole at center of foreground galaxy.
A large study of nearly one million patients found that statin drugs do not likely cause short-term memory loss. Statins have been reported to cause memory lapses by some users, leading to their cessation, but the study suggests this is due to detection bias rather than a true effect of the drug.