Despite disparate root growth patterns, tree species with magnolioid and graminoid morphology exhibit comparable efficiency in acquiring soil nutrients. Trees use symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi to take up nutrients, with thin-root species relying on rapid root proliferation.
Aimmune Therapeutics' lead investigational product, AR101, appears to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for peanut allergy in a controlled desensitization regimen. The Phase 2 study demonstrated that all 23 patients who completed the active treatment regimen met the primary desensitization endpoint.
MoleScope is an innovative hand-held tool that uses a smartphone to monitor skin for signs of cancer. The device has received approval from Health Canada and the FDA, and is expected to provide healthcare benefits in communities without access to medical specialists.
Researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering have developed a prototype synchronizing four nodes to an accuracy of three nanoseconds, introducing the
American physicians with buprenorphine waivers can increase access to effective medication-assisted treatment for heroin and prescription painkiller addiction. The study found a 74% increase in potential access to treatment from 2002 to 2011, reducing rural disparities.
The Plant & Microbial Genomics Group at TGAC has been awarded £100k to investigate the sources of sugar beet infection by Erysiphe betae. The research aims to design genetic markers for a rapid detection technology and develop diagnostic tests to inform disease management strategy.
A University of Pennsylvania study found a 3-5% reduction in recidivism among juvenile offenders processed as adults for felony drug offenses. This suggests that processing these juveniles in the adult system may not uniformly increase offending and may actually reduce it in some circumstances.
A control system that incorporates electrical signals generated during muscle contractions and gait information resulted in improved real-time control of a powered prosthetic leg for different modes of walking. This system reduced classification error rates by an average of 41% compared to mechanical sensor data alone.
Researchers at NIST have created a fast process for making platinum nano-raspberries, which can act as catalysts in fuel cells. The nano-raspberries exhibit high surface area and stable clumping behavior, encouraging efficient reactions. This breakthrough could lead to more practical fuel cell technology.
A new species of leafminer on grapevine in the Western Cape has been identified as Holocacista capensis. The moth feeds on wild grapes and creates a tunnel inside the leaf, causing collateral damage to the vine.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have optimized CONVERGE code to achieve a three-fold increase in engine simulation speed, enabling faster design of better engines and reduced product development time. This breakthrough uses high-performance computing and load balancing techniques to maximize efficiency.
A study published in the American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation found that standard BMI assessments tend to underestimate obesity in adolescents with physical disabilities. The researchers suggest new cutoff points are needed for identifying disabled teens who may need diagnosis and treatment.
Tropical cyclone Ashobaa formed in the Arabian Sea, with NASA's GPM core satellite providing 3-D rainfall data. The storm is intensifying, with powerful thunderstorms near its center, and is expected to make landfall on June 12.
A new study from Washington University in St. Louis found that providing illustrative diagrams before lectures enhances student learning and recall, particularly for students who struggle with organizing information. The research suggests that teachers should consider individual differences in learning skills when presenting material.
A recent study published in Molecular Psychiatry found a significant increase in autism rates among children born to teenage mothers and parents with large age gaps. The research also confirmed that older parents are at higher risk of having children with autism.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have made a breakthrough in understanding how the brain represents familiar concepts, such as houses and bananas. By teaching people new concepts and monitoring neural activity, they found that these representations occur in the same brain areas for everyone, using a shared 'filing system'.
A new study by Aarhus University found that a Danish nasal filter significantly reduced symptoms of hay fever in people with grass pollen allergies. The filter was shown to be up to 100% effective in reducing symptoms such as sneezing, runny noses, and watery eyes when used preventively.
The start of India's monsoon season was marked by increased rainfall in southern India, with data from NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement mission indicating above-average precipitation. Heavy showers dropped over 120 millimeters of rain in the week preceding June 8, 2015.
Researchers developed a novel approach to deciphering gene regulation networks by leveraging biological knowledge and computational algorithms. They found that combining laboratory experiments with motif information can accurately predict DNA-binding behavior of transcription factors.
A systematic review suggests that Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation can reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and facilitate enteral nutrition in premature infants. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A new clinical trial found that more than 10% of patients still had low levels of vitamin D at discharge, with levels worsening at the one-year follow-up exam. Vitamin D3 supplementation showed promise in addressing deficiency problems and their associated health risks.
Research on gender in GI publishing landscape reveals growing proportion of female first authors, but senior authors still lag behind. The study found a significant association between the gender of the lead and senior author.
A new study published in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition found that intravenous glutamine administration immediately after lower limb ischemia reduced inflammatory reactions locally and systemically. The study showed that GLN decreased gene expressions of inflammatory mediators, blood macrophage percentages, and plasma ...
Scientists discover that amyloid precursor protein binds to FE65 and FE65L1 proteins to facilitate eye and muscle health. Mice lacking these proteins develop severe lens degeneration and muscle weakness, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for cataracts and Alzheimer's disease.
A new program at Johns Hopkins Hospital implemented consistent use of experienced medical teams, preemptive antibiotics, and early patient mobilization to reduce complications and accelerate recovery in colorectal surgery. The approach resulted in a significant reduction in hospital stays, surgical infections, blood clots, and costs.
Dr. Carl Wunsch, a pioneer in ocean acoustic tomography, is recognized for his distinguished research on sound and the sea. His work has greatly improved our understanding of sound propagation in the ocean.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool use digital modeling to reassess the mass of Dreadnoughtus, a massive plant-eating dinosaur. They find that estimates of 60 tonnes and above are unlikely, suggesting it may have weighed between 30-40 tonnes.
A new study published in SAGE Open found that a computer game that exercises concentration and attention control can improve the behavior and social interactions of children with AD/HD in China. The game, combined with neurocognitive training, resulted in improved assignment completion, peer acceptance, and teacher relationships.
The remnants of Hurricane Blanca are blanketing northern Baja California and mainland Mexico with disorganized storm clouds. NASA's GOES-West satellite captured an infrared image revealing the system's rapid disruption by high terrain, leading to dissipation later in the day.
A study by researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Harvard found that exposure to high air temperature during pregnancy increases the risk of lower birth weight and can cause preterm birth. High temperatures of 8.5 °C in the last trimester were associated with a 17g decrease in birth weight.
A study published by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine found that insomnia decreases empathy in health care workers. The study, which included 97 subjects from various healthcare professions, used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to measure empathy across four subscales.
A branching tree-like structure can increase the melting rate of materials for better energy storage. The study's findings could help improve phase change systems, essential for renewable energy sources like wind and sun.
Researchers at the University of York have identified individual stem cells that can regenerate tissue, cartilage and bone, opening the way for improved treatment options for osteoarthritis. The discovery has the potential to develop targeted therapies for arthritis patients, making cell-based treatments less of a lottery.
A recent study by the American Diabetes Association found that Latinos experiencing food insecurity have poorer glycemic control and eat fewer vegetables. The study suggests that food insecurity should be considered in overall diabetes management, highlighting the need for individualized care.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that clinicians are hesitant to prescribe naloxone, a life-saving medication for opioid overdose, due to concerns about its effects and potential risks. Despite its promise as a tool to prevent deaths, logistical challenges and clinician reluctance hinder widespread adoption.
Patients treated with rapid cooling before catheterization showed less heart muscle damage and a reduced incidence of heart failure. Therapeutic hypothermia was especially protective in patients with large areas of at-risk myocardium.
A study measuring adults' reactions to stress found that maintaining positive moods can reduce inflammation, a risk factor for obesity, heart disease, and cancer. Women are particularly at heightened risk of chronic inflammation.
Researchers Nira Pollock and John Branda aim to develop a novel urine test for early Lyme disease using a promising biomarker approach. The $100,000 grant will support their research on detecting Borrelia burgdorferi in urine samples from patients with early Lyme disease.
Researchers found that patients with larger aneurysms or incomplete occlusion face a long-term risk of aneurysm recurrences after endovascular treatment. The study suggests that longer follow-up protocols may be necessary for some intracranial aneurysm patients who undergo EVT.
A new report by MBRRACE-UK identifies regional variations in stillbirth and neonatal death rates in the UK, even after controlling for factors such as poverty, mother's age, and ethnicity. The report recommends setting national aspirational targets to improve services and reduce deaths.
A new study shows that early intensive autism intervention can lead to improved intellectual ability and reduced autism symptoms in young children. The therapy, known as the Early Start Denver Model, was found to be particularly effective in promoting social and communication skills.
A new study from the University of Waterloo found that social media-based campaigns can be more effective in helping young adults quit smoking than traditional methods. The Break It Off campaign, launched by the Canadian Cancer Society, uses interactive websites and smartphone apps to engage users and encourage smoking cessation.
Researchers at the Center for Genomic Regulation have identified a new mechanism that generates forces to drive cell movements during development, replacing previous theories of shape changes. This discovery contributes to understanding organ development and maintenance by highlighting the role of volume changes and programmed cell death.
Researchers observe chemical processes during photographic exposure in real-time, revealing grain rotation and lattice deformation. The technique enables millisecond temporal resolution for investigating dynamic processes in materials.
A new model can measure the magnetic field configuration of a solar eruption significantly further ahead in time, potentially giving forecasters 24-hour advance warning to protect their systems. The model uses NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory data and has been tested on eight different CMEs with promising results.
Researchers found that hierarchical social structures, where individuals follow a single leader with rapid information passing down the 'chain of command', enable pigeon flocks to navigate accurately. This allows for better decision-making even when individual birds make navigation errors.
A new algorithm developed by Microsoft researchers has improved route planning capabilities for Bing Maps, providing faster processing and more accurate information on lengthy trips. The Customizable Route Planning (CRP) engine also offers more reliable alternate routes and better estimates of time needed for turns and traffic snarls.
A multidisciplinary team of Loyola University Medical Center physicians report a case of a 12-year-old boy with refractory seizures due to an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the brain. The case highlights the challenge in distinguishing different lesions based on imaging, emphasizing the importance of carefully analyzing available ...
A recent study published in The Lancet Oncology suggests that a single dose of the HPV vaccine Cervarix can provide similar protection to three doses, offering hope for improving vaccination rates. This finding is particularly relevant for states like Kentucky with low completion rates.
A comprehensive biological study refutes a long-standing geological fact, showing plants and animals migrated between North and South America nearly 30 million years ago. This new information changes our understanding of biodiversity and climate, both at regional and global levels.
A small clinical trial found that men with advanced prostate cancer and the AR-V7 gene variant respond to chemotherapy just as well as those without the variant. The study's findings may lead to improved treatment decision-making for patients with prostate cancer.
Researchers found that western corn rootworm beetles develop resistance to crop rotation through gene expression changes in their guts, involving immune regulation and antimicrobial functions. The study sheds light on the complex interplay of forces behind rotation resistance and could help develop more sustainable agricultural practices.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a key enzyme, Protein Kinase C (PKC), that regulates glucose transport into cells. This process is critical for maintaining proper glucose levels, which are often abnormal in diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The findings may lead to new treatments for these conditions.
Researchers have discovered the 'bicycle spoke' structure of healthy heart cells, which carries an electrical signal through the cell. After a heart attack, this structure is lost and leads to damaged heart muscle and potential heart failure. The study aims to find out why this process happens and develop strategies to intervene.
A new study found that individuals with earlier exposure to moderate light had lower body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat. The study, published in the journal Sleep, suggests changes in environmental light exposure may impact body weight regulation.
A recent study has found that estrogen receptors are almost entirely absent in cervical cancer tumors, but still present in the tumor microenvironment. This finding highlights a critical communication between the microenvironment and tumor cells, allowing the tumor to thrive despite its inability to respond to estrogen.
A new study by Yale School of Medicine researchers found that immediate birth control implant insertion after childbirth is more cost-effective than delaying it to a 6-8 week postpartum visit. The study estimates that immediate contraception can avert 191 unintended pregnancies and save over $1 million in the first year.
The incidence rate of acute traumatic spinal cord injury remained relatively stable between 1993 and 2012, with a slight increase among older adults. The majority of cases were associated with falls, leading to a significant rise in spinal cord injuries among those 65 years or older.
A study analyzing drought, heat, and insects found that a combination of these factors contributes to over 12 million dead trees in California. Researchers expect this number to rise with climate change.
Applicants with disabilities who took MCAT with extra time had no significant difference in medical school admission rates but lower USMLE Step exam pass rates and graduation rates. The redesigned MCAT increases testing time, which may impact predictive scores.
Scientists have identified a key role for gut tissue in programming immune cells, known as monocytes, to either repair or protect the body. The discovery has implications for treating conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases and certain cancers.
A short educational program in Kenya produced lasting improvements in male attitudes towards women, with participants showing more positive views and less agreement with rape myths. The program also encouraged males to intervene in cases of violence against women.
Researchers at Salk Institute found that a low glycemic index diet reduced symptoms of autism in mice, including impaired social interactions and repetitive behaviors. The diet may influence gut bacteria and inflammation, which are linked to the development of autism.
Induced earthquakes, caused by injecting fluids into the earth, are increasingly felt in the US. Research reveals that most of these earthquakes stem from oil and gas wastewater disposal, not hydraulic fracturing. Experts recommend proactive approaches to mitigate seismic risks.
Researchers found that pre-election polls can influence voter behavior, leading to biased electoral results. A study on French elections showed that exit polls influenced voters in territories, resulting in higher turnout and a 'bandwagon effect'. This insight suggests that polling errors can sway election outcomes, even in the UK.
A young woman has become the first to give birth naturally after doctors transplanted frozen ovarian tissue from her removed at age 13. The procedure restored her fertility and allowed her to conceive without assisted reproduction.
Researchers discovered that chronic pain causes brain inflammation, altering mood and motivation regions. A new treatment approach may help restore dopamine release and reward-motivated behavior in patients with chronic pain.
A study from Cornell Food & Brand Lab reveals that buying too much food, preparing in abundance, and improper storage lead to significant household food waste. Implementing efficient meal planning strategies and proper food storage techniques can significantly reduce waste and save money.
A University of Pittsburgh-led consortium has received a $200,000 grant to explore the use of bamboo as a safe and sustainable construction resource in urban areas. The research aims to reduce the environmental impact of housing while addressing global grand challenges of urbanization and resilience.
A study published in ACS Central Science reveals how the chemical composition of ocean aerosol particles influences their ability to form clouds. The new method categorizes particles based on their likelihood of taking up water, providing a more precise measure of cloud-formation potential.
A new study combining data from two large trials suggests that one dose of the bivalent HPV vaccine may be sufficient to protect against most cervical cancer cases, with high efficacy seen in women receiving one, two, or three doses. The findings have significant implications for global health, particularly in resource-poor settings wh...
A new study by NIH researchers compares the Makona strain of Ebola virus to the original 1976 Mayinga strain, revealing a decreased ability to cause disease in West Africa, with liver damage and rash appearing two days later than in the 1976 strain.
A new study by MIT scholars finds that juvenile incarceration significantly lowers high-school graduation rates by 13 percentage points and increases adult incarceration by 23 percentage points. The research project analyzed tens of thousands of teenagers in Illinois, using a natural experiment to isolate the effects of sentencing on k...
A new measurement and modelling tool can predict coronal mass ejections with more than 24 hours' notice, improving forecasting of geomagnetic storms that affect GPS technology, utility grids, and satellite systems.
UC Davis researchers identified molecular interactions between capsaicin and the TRPV1 receptor, paving the way for more selective and effective pain relief drugs. The study found that sweet peppers contain a compound called capsiate, which is almost identical to capsaicin but differs at one key interaction site.
Researchers found that GLP-1 receptor activation decreases anticipatory food reward, reducing cravings, and increases feeling of food reward during consumption, reducing overeating. The study suggests a potential therapeutic target for substance abuse disorders, offering new insights into the mechanisms of obesity.
A study published in JAMA found that rotavirus vaccination led to a 31-55% decline in all-cause acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations and a 70-94% decline in rotavirus-coded hospitalizations among US children under 5 years old. The greatest reductions were observed among younger age groups.
A team of astronomers has discovered a massive star cluster in the NGC 5253 dwarf galaxy, containing over 7,000 massive O-type stars. The cluster, dubbed Cloud D, is incredibly efficient at forming stars and creating dust, with a gas cloud rate that is ten times greater than in our own Milky Way.
A team of researchers from the University of Freiburg has discovered how the toxins of Clostridium difficile bacteria enter the interiors of cells. The surface protein LSR receptor is responsible for binding to the CDT toxin, allowing it to penetrate the cell membrane and exert its lethal effect.
Scientists have isolated the smallest unit of sleep, discovering that it originates from small neural networks. The research, published in European Journal of Neuroscience, allows for the independent isolation of sleep for research without physiological factors.
A cluster randomized controlled trial in Ethiopian children found that promoting handwashing with soap significantly reduces intestinal parasite re-infection rates, with a 14% re-infection rate compared to 29% in non-handwashing groups. Additionally, weekly nail clipping interventions also showed efficacy, particularly when combined wi...
Scientists at the National Oceanography Centre have discovered a new fundamental rock property that allows electricity to flow more easily through sedimentary rocks in the vertical direction. This finding will improve the interpretation of geological fluid flow from geophysical surveys.
Researchers tracked tiger sharks traveling over 7,500 kilometers round-trip between the Caribbean and mid-North Atlantic annually. The study's findings have significant conservation implications for protecting these apex predators.
The new sensor can track changes in mass of a few kilodaltons in real time, enabling early diagnosis of diseases like cancer. It detects biological objects, such as viral disease markers, through cantilever oscillations, making it a highly sensitive and scalable technology.
Researchers question the validity of US dietary guidelines citing memory-based dietary assessment methods and their inability to accurately capture food consumption. Experts counter that multiple data sources can mitigate these issues, providing a more accurate representation of dietary habits.
A study found that umbilical cord stem cells from children born to obese mothers have a 30% higher fat content compared to those from normal-weight mothers. This suggests an inherent propensity towards more fat accumulation in the offspring's cells, potentially leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disease.
The partnership aims to enhance the operation and development of testing facilities, enabling better understanding of wind turbine drivetrain systems. The collaboration will also promote public-private partnerships and workforce education in the energy industry.
Chaoming Song, assistant professor of physics at the University of Miami, was awarded the 2015 Erdos-Renyi Prize for his influential work on network science. His research has a significant impact on various areas of Network Science, including statistical physics, biological science, and computational social science.
Researchers have developed a novel approach using liposomes to prevent the onset of Type 1 Diabetes in mice, offering a promising candidate for human vaccination. The technique avoids damaging insulin-producing pancreatic cells and induces immunological tolerance, providing a potential solution for this incurable disease.
A new study published in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition found that credentialed providers have a significantly higher understanding of nutrition support practice. The study's results showed that credentialed providers answered 6.18 out of 8 questions correctly, compared to non-credentialed providers who answered 4.56 q...
A new study found that girls who perceive their mathematical ability as strong and open to growth are more likely to pursue careers in math-intensive fields. Schools, families, and policymakers can help shift perceptions to increase female participation in STEM fields.
A new study reveals that humans deliberately caused about a third of floods in southwestern Netherlands between 1500 and 2000. The deliberate flooding was used as a tactic during the Eighty Years' War, with significant changes to the landscape resulting from these inundations.