Researchers found that airport screening often fails to detect half or more infected travelers, but can be improved by customizing to specific pathogens. Honest reporting by passengers is also crucial for effective detection and tracing.
Keck Medicine researchers found that GPR158 promotes prostate cancer cell growth and is associated with neuroendocrine transdifferentiation, leading to tumor progression. Elevated expression of GPR158 is linked to recurrence in prostate cancer patients.
Researchers at Helmholtz Zentrum München developed an approach to quantify gadolinium-based contrast agents in tissue using MALDI-MS imaging, correlating it with MRI images. This combination improves diagnostic value by detecting tissue-related kinetics of contrast agents used in myocardial infarction models.
A study published in Springer's Environmental Management journal found that removing grazing cattle from a wildlife refuge in Oregon has led to significant rehabilitation of the natural environment. The removal of cattle has resulted in an increase in woody riparian vegetation, reduction in erosion, and improved water quality.
Current EU legislation will lead to significant improvements in particulate matter pollution, but many areas of Europe will still exceed limits. The study identifies Eastern Europe, Southern Poland, and major cities as hotspots that require targeted emission controls.
Researchers are developing an irreversible electroporation technique to target and destroy therapy-resistant cells in glioblastoma. The treatment has shown success in animal trials and is now being tested on human cells.
Researchers identified a novel mechanism in mitochondrial RNA maturation, involving the protein FASTK. This discovery provides insights into mitochondrial genetic diseases and their treatment.
A comprehensive study of marine animal body size evolution found that the mean size of animals increased 150-fold over the past 542 million years. The research suggests that larger body sizes are advantageous, leading to increased diversity and survival.
Researchers found that symbiotic algae Symbiodinium D is more common in Caribbean corals than previously thought, suggesting potential for coral resilience. This discovery could inform future analysis of the Great Barrier Reef's response to climate change.
A recent study suggests that statins may not protect against Parkinson's disease, despite previous reports of a potential link. The research found no evidence that statin use lowered the risk of PD, and may even increase it over time.
Researchers at the University of Guelph identified a gene that can make certain plants self-pollinate, reducing the risk of genetically modified crop contamination. The discovery could also benefit perfume-makers by allowing for more control over fragrance production.
Researchers at MIT developed a system that cleverly distributes data around multicore chips' memory banks, improving execution times by 18 percent on average while increasing energy efficiency. In simulations involving a 64-core chip, the system increased computational speeds by 46 percent while reducing power consumption by 36 percent.
Research shows that altering visual cues can impact pain by changing the physical point at which pain is experienced. Participants who suffered from chronic neck pain were shown to have a broader range of motion when visual feedback understated head rotation and a reduced range when it overstated head rotation.
A team of researchers from the University of Alberta has shown that betaretrovirus infects patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, a rare autoimmune liver disease. The study used next-generation sequencing to identify viral DNA integration sites in patient genomes, providing evidence of viral infection.
Hydrogen sulfide has been found to widen blood vessels in healthy young adults, which could lead to decreased blood pressure. The researchers plan to investigate further by examining the effects of hydrogen sulfide on hypertensive individuals and high blood pressure treatments.
Researchers have discovered that Alu RNAs form complexes with specific proteins, regulating ribosome activity and contributing to cell immunity. This process helps cells adapt to stress and defend against viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C.
Researchers found the varicella zoster virus in 74% of biopsies with giant cell arteritis but only 8% of normal skin biopsies. The study suggests a new treatment approach for giant cell arteritis, combining steroids with antiviral medication.
The study found that overall diet quality worsened globally despite increased consumption of healthier foods in many countries. Poorer regions, such as Sub Saharan Africa and Latin America, showed little improvement in dietary patterns, highlighting the need for urgent action to address diet-related health issues.
A research team has observed the Higgs mode in superconducting materials, a phenomenon previously thought to be too difficult to study. The discovery was made using a new method that allows for experiments to be conducted at relatively low energies.
A growth hormone called IGF-1 has been shown to improve social impairment and restrictive behaviors in children with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, a disorder associated with autism. The treatment showed significant improvement in social withdrawal and repetitive behaviors compared to placebo.
The Medical College of Wisconsin has received a $8 million grant to fund the Rat Genome Database, providing a globally-accessible collection of data from ongoing rat genetic and genomic research. The database holds nearly 4.5 million functional data annotations for rat, human, and mouse genes, as well as files on specific animal strains.
A global survey has found that most countries where rabies is common lack effective reporting systems, making it difficult to control the disease. Accurate data is crucial for implementing vaccination programs and preventing further outbreaks.
MAVEN spacecraft completed its first deep-dip campaign, gathering measurements closer to the lower end of the Martian upper atmosphere. The campaign allows scientists to study connections between the lower and upper atmospheres, shedding light on gas escape and climate history.
A study by Washington State University researchers found that women are more impacted by illness than men, unless multiple symptoms are present. Women with specific personality types, such as high agreeableness or low conscientiousness, may experience less impact from mental illness due to their social networks and coping mechanisms.
A recent study found that patients with advanced kidney disease have been initiating dialysis progressively earlier over time. Despite no measurable differences in patient sickness or reasons for dialysis, the trend suggests a shift towards embracing higher levels of kidney function as acceptable for dialysis initiation.
Researchers developed a model to predict who stands to gain most from diabetes-preventing drugs or lifestyle changes like exercise and weight loss. The model identified seven key factors: fasting blood sugar, A1C level, triglycerides, family history of high blood sugar, waist measurement, height, and waist-to-hip ratio.
Research suggests that Earth's movement through dark matter may perturb comets' orbits, leading to heat in the Earth's core, which could trigger events like volcanic eruptions and changes in sea level. This phenomenon may hold the answer to understanding large-scale extinction events.
Tropical Cyclone Lam made landfall in Australia's Northern Territory, with NASA satellites and instruments gathering data on the storm's structure and behavior before and after landfall. The storm was characterized by sustained winds of up to 90 knots (103.6 mph) and heavy rainfall rates of almost 55 mm per hour.
Researchers at NIST are developing measurement tools for channels that could offer more than 1,000 times the bandwidth of today's cell phone systems. The tools will enable the development of innovative millimeter-wave wireless technologies and support the expected increases in demand for wireless capacity.
Scientists discover that the sun's magnetic field controls the large-scale shape of the heliosphere, producing two jets that split its tail, similar to astrophysical jets observed in other stars and black holes. The discovery could lead to better understanding of particle acceleration, cosmic rays, and space travel protection.
The Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process (KF-NAP) effectively assesses severity of spatial neglect during activities of daily living. Spatial neglect is a complication of stroke that contributes to poor rehabilitation outcomes.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured infrared data on Tropical Cyclone Lam, revealing a large area of strong thunderstorms circling the center of the storm. The system is expected to intensify to Category one hurricane status, bringing heavy rainfall and powerful winds to northern Australia.
A UCLA-led study analyzing over 270,000 Chinese-language books found rising individualism in concert with growing urbanism, increasing wealth and higher education levels. Words like 'choose,' 'compete,' and 'innovation' demonstrated a growing prevalence of individualistic values.
Loyola Medicine researchers will develop and test a Family-based Lifestyle Intervention Program (FLIP) for African American and Hispanic/Latino families. The program aims to promote healthy lifestyles, navigate the healthcare system, and reduce health disparities.
A study of children with DNA abnormalities on chromosome 16 found a significant delay in processing sound and language, linking the deletion to key biological pathways. The research may lead to future medical treatments for specific subtypes of autism and other neuro disorders.
Fourth and subsequent PET/CT scans improved clinical assessment and management change in lung cancer patients, with 52.28% positive and 47.7% negative results for recurrence or metastasis. The scans resulted in treatment changes in 28.1% of cases, with new treatments initiated in 20.4%.
A European Training Network is supporting the development of targeted cancer medication using peptides as delivery vectors. The goal is to create effective treatments with fewer side effects, building on the concept of "magic bullets" coined by Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich.
Researchers found that hydrogels saturated with thiamethoxam dissolved in sugar water reduced the Argentine ant population by 94% in two weeks. The use of hydrogel baits offers an inexpensive, easy-to-apply alternative to traditional pesticides, reducing environmental costs and selectively targeting invasive ants.
A national study found Eylea effective in improving eyesight for individuals with poor vision due to diabetic macular edema. The condition affects an estimated 7.7 million people in the US, and treatment options are limited, making informed decisions crucial.
Austro-Russian research team develops high-energy mid-infrared laser capable of igniting laser filaments in air at normal atmospheric pressure. This technology enables tracing pollutants in the atmosphere using back-scattered light analysis.
Researchers identified a bacteriophage from Jerusalem sewage that can infect and eliminate Enterococcus faecalis biofilms, a common cause of persistent root canal infections. This phage therapy approach may offer a new solution for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Researchers have found that mutations in the PTEN gene lead to reduced activity and stability of a critical protein, promoting genetic instability and disease. This discovery could pave the way for new treatments for patients with both autism and cancer.
Researchers at Yale University found that marijuana activates neurons in the brain that normally suppress appetite, leading to increased hunger. The study provides insights into why people often experience extreme hunger after using cannabis.
Scientists at Toyohashi University of Technology used supercomputers to model air-reed instrument flow and sound. The study reveals the relationship between shape/material changes and tone generation, paving the way for new musical instrument designs.
A preclinical study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found engineered T cells to be both safe and effective at controlling tumor growth in mice with glioblastoma. The CAR T cells target a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor protein called EGFRvIII, found on about 30% of glioblastoma patients' tumor cells.
Researchers created a comprehensive guide for farmland in the Ohio and Upper Mississippi River Basins, narrowing the scope of choice to optimize run-off mitigation. The guide recommends specific conservation practices based on soil type, land slope, crops, and nutrients used.
Scientists have created ultra-small and highly sensitive gas sensors made of molybdenum disulfide, which can selectively detect ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene, chloroform and methanol vapors. The sensors are ideal for various applications due to their small size, high selectivity and sensitivity.
A pioneering study analyzing 57,000 fish censuses reveals that sardines and other pelagic fish are highly vulnerable to changes in ocean temperature, driving them to migrate north. The research warns of significant socio-economic and ecological repercussions for coastal towns dependent on these fishery resources.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have created cheap solar cells from shrimp shells, using chitin and chitosan. The efficiency is currently low, but improving it could make them suitable for wearable chargers and other devices.
A report suggests global warming will increase ocean upwelling in several systems, enhancing marine productivity and fisheries. However, a thicker, warmer top layer may reduce upwelling's ability to energize coastal ecosystems, posing a significant threat to global fisheries and marine biodiversity.
Researchers developed targeted biodegradable nano-drones that deliver an anti-inflammatory drug to fat deposits in arteries, successfully restructuring atherosclerotic plaques to make them more stable. The treatment reduced reactive oxygen species, increased collagen, and decreased plaque necrotic core.
Researchers found the varicella zoster virus in 74% of giant cell arteritis biopsies, suggesting a link between the chicken pox virus and the condition. The study suggests treating giant cell arteritis with a combination of steroids and anti-viral treatment may be effective
Climate change is expected to alter the timing, duration, and intensity of coastal upwelling, a process that drives nutrient availability and supports fisheries. This shift may lead to reduced latitudinal variation in coastal upwelling, influencing global marine biodiversity.
Researchers discover that luna moths use tail-spinning to fool bat sonar, increasing survival rate by 47%. The findings expand knowledge of anti-predator strategies and have implications for military sonar development.
Researchers have generated and analyzed reference epigenome maps for 111 human cell types, revealing the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping our genome. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding and treating diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's.
A study found that watching a video explaining CPR and intubation procedures improved patient understanding, with 72% opting against intubation and 64% refusing CPR. Videos helped patients express their choices to doctors, promoting patient-centered care.
Aalto University researchers have successfully created a cost-effective and efficient electrocatalyst made of iron and carbon, replacing traditional platinum-based systems. The new material reduces losses and makes the process economically viable, addressing challenges in energy storage.
A proactive labor induction practice from 37 weeks gestation improved perinatal outcomes in Denmark, reducing neonatal deaths and asphyxia risk by almost half. The study found decreases in macrosomia and peripheral nerve injury but an increase in shoulder dystocia.
The UK government is set to introduce standardized packaging for tobacco products, building on evidence from Australia and other countries that suggests it can reduce smoking rates. Studies have shown that plain packaging may decrease the appeal of cigarette brands and increase awareness of health warnings, saving lives.
HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) has initiated two phase 2 studies to evaluate the safety and acceptability of long-acting injectable antiretroviral drugs, a promising advancement in HIV prevention. The studies aim to provide an alternative to daily oral PrEP pills, which have shown limitations in some trials.