A study published in ZooKeys reveals patterns of chromosome numbers in antlion lacewings and an owlfly, indicating a possible common ancestor. The researchers found that some antlion species have higher chromosome numbers than expected, which may be ancestral traits.
The American College of Physicians recommends prescribing generic medications when available, as it improves health outcomes, reduces harm, and eliminates wasteful practices. Generic substitution can lead to better long-term medication adherence and save patients $1.4 billion annually.
A team of researchers used a non-invasive method to extract protein from medieval parchment samples, identifying the use of multiple mammal species in some manuscripts. The study resolves a long-standing controversy over the origin of 'uterine vellum' and sheds new light on medieval manuscript production techniques.
A new RAND Corporation study found that hiding tobacco products at convenience stores significantly reduces teenagers' susceptibility to future cigarette use. Researchers created a power wall with hundreds of tobacco products and had teens visit a replica store to shop while the product visibility was in one of three random locations.
Researchers at Duke University have created a technique for monitoring neurons in action with a time resolution of about 0.2 milliseconds, allowing for the first holistic view of neural activity in mammalian brains. This breakthrough enables scientists to study how brain activity translates into specific thoughts and behaviors.
A new study from the University of Maryland School of Public Health examined why African American and Hispanic women have higher rates of unintended pregnancies than White women. Researchers found that unique factors such as maternal age, income, health insurance status, US born status, and educational level contributed to these dispar...
Scientists have observed unusual seismic wave speeds that suggest the frozen olivine structure within the flat-slab slab has vanished and been replaced by a new unexpected structure. This implies that slabs are weak enough to deform internally in the upper mantle over time.
A new mattress device has been shown to reduce apneic events by 50% and improve breathing stability in preterm infants, with potential benefits for hospital stays and long-term cognitive development.
A recent study by the University of Chicago has found that loneliness triggers fight-or-flight stress signaling, leading to increased production of white blood cells and impaired antiviral responses. This shift in monocyte output contributes to loneliness' associated health risks, including premature death.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a new class of RNA molecules that act as powerful tumor suppressors by inhibiting the cancer-causing protein KRAS. The study found that these RNAs, called SNORD50A/B, are deleted in over a quarter of common human cancers, leading to poorer survival rates for patients.
A new study published in the Journal of AAPOS found that children with amblyopia read more slowly than those with normal vision or strabismus. Amblyopic children exhibited about 35% more forward eye movements during reading, contributing to their slower reading speed.
A new study from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln found that children taking ADHD medications experience significant sleep problems, including delayed sleep onset and poor quality sleep. The researchers recommend frequent monitoring by pediatricians and consideration of behavioral treatments to minimize these adverse effects.
Typhoon In-fa has become elongated to the northeast with powerful thunderstorms surrounding its cloud-filled eye. The storm is expected to weaken over the next couple of days and approach the island of Iwo To, Japan on Nov. 26.
Researchers at the University of Florida have developed genetically modified citrus trees that exhibit enhanced resistance to greening, reducing disease severity and even remaining disease-free after 36 months. The study, published in PLOS ONE, used a gene isolated from Arabidopsis to create the new trees.
Late-treatment HIV patients with low CD4 levels progress to AIDS at high rates if immune response isn't recovered. However, if viral load is undetectable and CD4 counts rise above 200, mortality and progression decrease.
A report by the General Medical Council reveals that medics from different backgrounds perform better or worse due to multiple factors influencing their performance. The review highlights the importance of addressing differential attainment to create a level playing field for all candidates.
A team of U of T engineers has developed a way to grow cancer cells in the form of a rolled-up sheet that mimics the 3D environment of a tumour, offering a way to speed up drug development and ask new questions about cell behavior. The single-layer design makes it easier for other lab researchers to adopt the process.
Researchers find migration between bacteria communities key to horizontal gene transfer and spread of traits like antibiotic resistance. Mathematical modeling reveals the secret behind bacterial sex lies in movement between communities, increasing DNA swap chances.
A panel of global experts recommends 10 major reforms to strengthen the global system for outbreak prevention and response. The report highlights the need for improved governance, research data sharing, and rapid institutional responses to prevent future pandemics.
A QUT survey found young people struggle with managing car loans, credit cards, and mobile phone deals. Experts urge educators to include financial literacy workshops in schools before students leave.
A significant reduction in diabetes-related amputations has been observed since the mid-1990s, primarily due to advancements in diabetes care. The study found a 10-15% annual decrease in below-ankle and below-knee amputations among diabetic patients.
The new Peatland Code targets the restoration of one million hectares of peatlands over five years, which could save up to 220 million tonnes of carbon dioxide by 2050. UK peatlands are a natural filter for drinking water and store more than three billion tonnes of carbon.
Researchers at HKUST discovered a new type of superconductor, called Ising superconductors, that can withstand strong magnetic fields. These materials have potential applications in quantum computing and may lead to the creation of Majorana fermions.
The International Health Regulations (IHR) face a 'crisis of confidence' following the Ebola epidemic. Georgetown experts recommend reforms to build core capacities, clarify reporting requirements, and strengthen emergency responses.
Researchers found that transmission in the general community is low-risk, with even living with someone infected not posing a significant threat if direct contact is avoided. The study recommends urgent diagnosis, hospitalization, and targeted vaccination strategies for close contacts and healthcare workers to stop the spread of Ebola.
A randomized trial found that an evidence-based social-emotional learning curriculum improved basic proficiency in reading, writing, and math among at-risk students. The intervention group showed greater basic proficiency in grades 4-6 compared to the control group, with a dosage effect also observed.
A new study finds that US wood pellet exports to the EU have a significant environmental advantage over coal, with carbon emissions savings ranging from 74-85%. The research suggests that using agricultural biomass in wood pellet production can further increase these savings.
A study by the University of South Carolina team found that larger eye size in Daphnia results in an average clutch size increase of one egg beyond the average six eggs. The research team measured the effect of variation in body size, demonstrating that eye size has a greater impact on reproductive success.
A team of physicists has made a groundbreaking calculation on the decay of subatomic particles called kaons, which could change how scientists understand the formation of the universe. The research finds that the behavior of kaons differs when matter is swapped out for antimatter, challenging current understanding of the Standard Model.
Tropical Storm Rick is being closely monitored by NASA's Aqua satellite as it moves west-northwest towards the eastern Pacific. The storm has maintained a minimal strength of around 35 knots with surface winds confined to a small area.
New methods using stem cells and reprogramming technologies aim to create biological pacemakers, potentially replacing electronic devices. Researchers are working on coaxing stem cells into cardiac pacemaker cells or directly converting supporting cells into pacemaker cells.
Researchers discovered that yeasts used to ferment cocoa can modify aroma, enabling creation of unique flavors in boutique chocolates. The findings could lead to a wider range of flavors similar to wines and coffee.
Researchers found p53 blocks PDL1 protein, which halts immune attack on lung cancer cells. High levels of p53 and miR-34a increase survival rates in patients with lung cancer.
The special focus issue brings together experts from various fields to discuss the past, present, and future of nanomedicine. It addresses current debates and future perspectives on nanomedical research, including social, ethical, and safety aspects.
Researchers at U of T discovered genetic mutations in Candida albicans that allow it to defend itself against neighboring bacteria. The fungus has evolved to ignore bacterial signals, potentially becoming a more significant threat to patients with weakened immune systems.
The study found that overall happiness is a combination of happy emotions and life satisfaction, linked to the precuneus region in the brain. Individuals with higher grey matter mass in this area tend to experience more intense happiness and find meaning in life.
Researchers at Lund University estimate that sea traffic emissions account for almost half of measured particles in coastal air, exceeding previous estimates. Nanoparticles can penetrate deeper into the lungs than larger particles, contributing to health issues.
Researchers demonstrate macroscopic entanglement generation at room temperature using infrared laser light and electromagnetic pulses. The technique has important implications for future quantum devices, including biological sensing inside living organisms and long-distance entangled states.
Researchers have investigated high-frequency repetitive sensory stimulation as a therapeutic approach for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) patients. The study showed significant improvement in tactile performance after stimulation, with individual patients reporting substantial pain relief.
A new study found that many European hospitals fail to routinely test patients at risk of HIV infection, missing out on diagnosing nearly two-thirds of those living with the condition. In Northern Europe, this results in a significantly lower test rate compared to Eastern Europe.
Researchers at KIT scientists have developed a new process for low-pressure carbonitration using methylamine, which combines advantages of low-pressure processes with atmospheric carbonitration. The method results in more homogeneous hardness profiles and improved efficiency.
A pilot study has demonstrated that a mechanical artificial pancreas can better maintain normal blood glucose levels than multiple daily insulin injections in patients with pancreatitis. The treatment combines an AI-powered pump with islet cell transplantation, enabling the transplanted cells to survive longer and produce more insulin.
A research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute is developing new tools and technology to detect fatigue damage in aircraft components. This work has the potential to keep military aircraft in service longer while improving safety and reducing costs for commercial airlines.
A new study suggests that climate change will significantly impact global farming productivity, with a one-sixth decline in production under projected scenarios. Altering crop patterns within countries is key to mitigating these effects, rather than relying on international trade.
Data from NASA's GPM core satellite showed Tropical Storm In-fa becoming better organized over the previous 24 hours, with rainfall rates reaching up to 55 mm/h. The storm is expected to intensify through the weekend, bringing maximum sustained winds of 115 mph.
Fernando Codá Marques and André Neves have made groundbreaking contributions to differential geometry with their proof of the Willmore conjecture. The resolution has far-reaching implications for understanding surfaces and has illuminated new approaches to other significant questions in topology and geometry.
Researchers discover regulatory mechanism that extends 'healthspan', the time an organism is at its optimal health, using C. elegans roundworms. Maximum velocity (MV) of wild-type worms at day 9 adulthood reliably predicts longevity and physical decline.
Researchers at EMBL used a new technique to prevent cell contraction, identifying crucial cells for ventral furrow formation. The shape of the tissue dictates the direction of contraction, not internal programming.
A new study by James Cook University scientist Professor William Laurance suggests that over half of Amazonian tree species are globally threatened. Protected areas and indigenous territories have the potential to protect many of these species if properly managed.
The German Research Foundation supports a new Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TR 172 'Arctic climate change' with up to two additional funding periods. The project aims to investigate the causes of the above-average warming in the Arctic and improve the accuracy of climate models.
An international team of physicists has calculated direct 'CP' symmetry violation, a tiny effect in particle decays. The calculation does not yet indicate a difference between experiment and theory, but future precision may uncover new physics.
Scientists found evidence of O2 fluctuations in Western Australian rocks, suggesting a temporary increase in atmospheric oxygen levels around 2.5 billion years ago. The data supports the 'Great Oxidation Event' theory, where multiple 'whiffs' of O2 accumulated until a tipping point was crossed.
A new study suggests that up to 57% of Amazonian tree species are globally threatened, but protected areas and indigenous territories can protect most of the affected species. The study's findings highlight the importance of preserving these critical ecosystems.
A review reveals prevalent antimicrobial resistance in horse bacteria, particularly E. coli, with emerging multidrug resistance posing a huge challenge for society.
High levels of inflammation markers in blood are connected to stubborn symptoms of depression, such as anhedonia. Researchers believe blocking inflammation or its effects on the brain may reverse anhedonia in depressed individuals who fail to respond to antidepressants.
A new gamma-ray spectroscope using europium-doped strontium iodide detects valuable minerals in asteroids, moons, and other celestial objects. The breakthrough technology enables accurate analysis of rock-forming elements and precious metals at lower costs and with reduced power requirements.
A new study found a link between abrupt ocean warming at the end of the last ice age and low-oxygen conditions that led to vast marine dead zones. Warming surface temperatures triggered loss of oxygen in the North Pacific, raising concern that similar events will occur again as oceans warm.
Fiddler crabs use polarization vision to enhance detection of objects and rivals. The research found that male crabs responded to approaching targets by freezing, running back home, and assuming a position of vigilance.
A Loyola University Medical Center study found that direct funduscopy exams are being performed infrequently among patients with headaches and altered mental status. The exam can detect neurological conditions, but valuable clinical information may be missed if not performed.
A team of cardiologists used a virtual reality device to guide the recanalization of a chronically blocked right coronary artery. The procedure was completed successfully with implantation of two drug-eluting stents, demonstrating potential for improved operator comfort and efficiency in interventional cardiology.