A meta-analysis of 52 studies found that short-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing the two most common types of ovarian cancer. Women who used HRT for 5 years or more had a 40% higher likelihood of developing ovarian cancer compared to those who never took HRT.
A study published in Psychological Science found that when resources are scarce, people evaluate goods in a more stable and consistent way. High-income participants were willing to pay more for luxury items if it meant making trade-offs, whereas lower-income participants were less sensitive to price differences.
A preliminary study found that 55% of parents met PTSD criteria and 24% met all criteria after their child's stroke. Children also showed signs of clinical anxiety, which may interfere with treatment. Researchers aim to screen families for potential PTSD and develop targeted interventions.
Research proposes that a brain system called declarative memory compensates for autism, OCD, and dyslexia by providing strategies to overcome learning difficulties. This compensation allows individuals to learn scripts for social situations and control tics and compulsions.
Researchers found that dogs could distinguish between emotional expressions in humans, even with unfamiliar faces. The dogs' discriminatory abilities were tested in four types of trials, including novel faces and previously trained faces.
Air pollution from particulate matter and ozone may amplify severe stroke risk in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Researchers found that tPA administration rates increased significantly among the elderly, with improvements seen in urban and teaching hospitals.
The EU and GBIF are launching a €3.9 million project to enhance capacity and mobilize data from Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. The BID initiative aims to improve biodiversity management in these regions and support human well-being.
Choosing a screen name with a letter starting in the top half of the alphabet can maximise online dating success. A 70:30 ratio of who you are and what you're looking for is also key, while humour, physical fitness, and genuine profiles can increase likability. Men and women have different preferences when it comes to names and traits.
A study of 5,050 patient-clinician encounters found that only 1% were clinically inappropriate, and physicians complied with fewer than 1 in 10 requests. The findings challenge the myth of the 'demanding patient' and suggest a need to redirect attention from unnecessary costs.
NSF staff and scientists present findings on gender in STEM policy, practice and research, as well as graduate science education and broader impacts of research. The session includes discussions on reducing the gender gap, innovative pathways to science careers and strategies for effective broader impacts work.
A new study by the NCEAS Marine Debris Working Group estimates that over 4.8 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the world's oceans from land annually, with a possible maximum of 12.7 million metric tons.
A new report by Cornell University and NASA researchers warns of a high risk of megadrought in the Southwest and Great Plains by late this century. The study suggests that reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the next 10 years could mitigate this risk.
A new approach, called an evolutionary trap, steers cells into one evolutionary path while shutting off others, then knocks out the cell population for good. The strategy may be applied to various clinical scenarios where drug resistance is a problem.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London analyzed over 4000 studies on online dating to provide dos and don'ts for a successful first date. They found that choosing an attractive profile name and using certain words in a headline message can increase interest, while avoiding complex language and being genuine is key.
A new radiotracer has been developed to accurately identify the sentinel node in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, reducing the need for extensive surgery. The study shows a high detection rate and low false negative rate for SNs, facilitating accurate prediction of cancer spread.
Scientists found evidence of historically unprecedented hurricane activity along the northern East Coast of the United States, with sediment deposits on Cape Cod revealing 23 severe hurricanes between 250 and 1150. These prehistoric hurricanes were likely category 3 or 4 storms that would be catastrophic if they hit the region today.
A 20-year study found that South Asian men have higher levels of tyrosine and several other amino acids associated with increased diabetes risk. Tyrosine was a stronger predictor of incident diabetes in South Asians, even after adjusting for obesity and insulin resistance.
Researchers have developed gold nanotubes that can selectively destroy cancer cells while imaging tumors, using near-infrared light to convert to heat. The technique has the potential to enhance conventional treatments with minimal toxicity.
A study in female mice reveals the brain region where hormonal state and social interaction are integrated, providing insights into human attraction and rejection behaviors. The researchers found that neurons dedicated to socio-sexual behavior were active only when females were receptive to males.
Researchers found that dogs can discriminate between happy and angry human faces, even when only showing the eye region. Dogs trained to choose happy faces mastered the task faster than those trained to choose angry faces, suggesting they use stored memories to recognize emotions.
Drivers spend an average of 1.5 hours a day in their cars, with signalized intersections being major pollution hotspots due to frequent changes in driving conditions. Exposure to nanoparticles from vehicle emissions increases by up to 25% when passing through traffic lights.
Researchers at NIST have demonstrated a technique for mapping deformation in metals that can recover destroyed serial numbers. The method uses electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to read imprints on steel, revealing crystal damage and improving forensic analysis.
Researchers have discovered that three of King Richard III's injuries had the potential to cause death quickly, including two to the skull and one to the pelvis. The forensic analysis used modern techniques such as CT scans and micro-CT imaging to analyze trauma to the skeleton and determine which wounds might have proved fatal.
Researchers at Gilead Sciences and Beryllium published structural data on HCV polymerase during RNA replication, shedding light on the NS5B catalytic mechanism. This information will be useful in identifying replication inhibitors of other pathogenic viruses in the Flaviviridae family.
A new study has discovered how the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) regulates immune cells in response to kidney injury. The research found that HO-1 directs a specific subset of myeloid cells to and from the kidney, which helps protect against poor recovery after acute kidney injury.
Researchers found that rhesus macaques were willing to give up a significant portion of a potential prize to quickly find out if they selected the winning option in a game of chance. The study suggests that the brain's Orbitofrontal cortex plays a crucial role in processing curiosity and evaluating rewards.
Researchers at MIT and UT Austin create a new class of materials for quantum spin Hall effect, enabling potential electronic devices with low losses. They used Stampede and Lonestar supercomputers to model the interactions of atoms in these novel materials, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides.
A study in Lancet Oncology suggests continued treatment with YONDELIS for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma patients who have not progressed after six courses improves progression-free survival. The results also indicate that a drug holiday may worsen outcomes.
Researchers found evidence of prior exposure to Ebola virus among patients with Lassa fever in Sierra Leone between 2011-2014. The discovery suggests that the deadly disease may have been circulating in the area for years before the 2014 outbreak, sparking hope for prevention and control strategies.
A recent study by Cleveland Clinic found that a plant-based vegan diet can significantly improve cardiovascular risks in obese children, including lower BMI, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. The study suggests that such diets may be more effective than the American Heart Association diet in reducing heart disease risk.
A study by scientists from Scripps Research Institute found that certain microbes promote nutritional harvest in fruit flies, rescuing their health and longevity when fed nutrient-poor diets. This natural symbiosis may offer a new strategy to treat and prevent malnutrition in humans.
A study of over 4,500 children in England found that more than four in ten teenage schoolgirls have experienced sexual coercion, with many reporting pressure to have sex and physical attacks from their boyfriends. The research also highlighted a high proportion of boys who regularly view pornography and harbor negative attitudes toward...
Researchers have developed a revolutionary model to study hematopoiesis in living organisms, revealing that at least one-third of blood stem cells produce differentiated progenitor cells. The study also shows that mature blood cells are supplied by first progenitor cells that regenerate themselves over time.
Two 160 million-year-old fossils of Agilodocodon scansorius and Docofossor brachydactylus provide evidence of early mammalian ecological diversity. These ancient mammals had adaptations for arboreal and subterranean lifestyles, suggesting genetic mechanisms operated long before modern mammals.
Researchers have developed a new method to store large volumes of data using DNA and silica, which can potentially survive for over a million years. The technique uses an algorithm to correct errors and encases the information-bearing segments of DNA in silica, providing a robust storage solution.
Research from King's College London found that spontaneous release of neurotransmitter glutamate causes neurons to branch and connect with each other, enabling the formation of synapses. This process plays a crucial role in regulating electrical signals through the brain.
Researchers estimated that by age 80, CDH1 mutation carriers have a 70% chance of developing gastric cancer and a 42% risk of breast cancer. The study provides more precise estimates for carriers of the CDH1 gene mutation, a cancer predisposing gene associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer.
A DVD designed to help people prepare for an MRI scan led to a significant reduction in anxious patients and improved scan quality. The study found that the DVD helped patients feel less anxious and more confident about taking the scan, leading to more successful scans and better patient outcomes.
Research presented at American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference 2015 found that dehydration worsens stroke conditions. Almost half of ischemic stroke patients were dehydrated when admitted to the hospital, with hydrated patients experiencing better recovery outcomes and lower risk of worsening conditions.
Scientists generate Moebius strip from laser light to process materials and manipulate microparticles, opening up new possibilities for nanotechnology. The optical tool could also be used to guide nanoparticles on complex paths using optical tweezers.
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics published a Special Article on laboratory perspective of incidental findings reporting, highlighting the need for increased understanding and transparency of complex genomic testing. The AMP Incidental Findings Working Group recommends laboratories establish clear policies for delivering ancillary i...
A recent article highlights the importance of local health departments' roles in responding to global health security threats posed by infectious diseases. Key findings include the need for dedicated staff to interpret federal guidance, form partnerships with healthcare coalitions, and communicate accurate risk information. The Ebola e...
A new study led by the University of Colorado Boulder found that small differences in institutional prestige significantly impact faculty job placement. The research team analyzed data from 19,000 current faculty members and found that top-10 schools produced more faculty than lower-ranked institutions.
A new study predicts that the Western US will face persistent drought worse than any seen in the past 1,000 years, driven by human-induced global warming. The region's larger population and increased resource use will exacerbate the devastating impacts of such a drying period.
A new study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter increases the risk of suicide among middle-aged men. The study also revealed that individuals between 36-64 years old experienced a higher risk of suicide following air pollution exposure.
Researchers found that people with different flirting styles show attraction in ways that match their style. Sincere flirts are attentive and less fidgety, while traditional flirts lean into interactions and adopt open body postures. Physical flirts offer fewer compliments when attracted to a romantic match.
A new study has identified two major foraging grounds of the Mediterranean green turtle and recommends the creation of a new Marine Protected Area to preserve the vulnerable species. The researchers tracked 34 female turtles from breeding grounds in Cyprus, Turkey, Israel, and Syria over 8,521 tracking days.
Experts suggest that targeted screening programs for middle-aged and older patients using newer diagnostic tools could significantly reduce melanoma mortality rates. Studies in Australia and Germany have shown a substantial decrease in melanoma-related deaths after implementing comprehensive skin cancer screening programs.
A study by NYU Steinhardt School found that over a quarter of New York City retailers did not request identification from young adults buying cigarettes. Chain stores were more likely to comply with minimum age laws than independent vendors.
A new study estimates that between 4.8 and 12.7 million metric tons of plastic enter the world's oceans every year, with a midpoint estimate of 8 million metric tons. The research, published in Science, used a complex model to analyze data from 192 coastal countries and highlights the need for improved waste management systems worldwide.
A new study reveals that faculty careers are largely determined by their alma mater, with only a small percentage of professors receiving training outside elite institutions. The research found a systematic bias against women with elite doctorates, who face significant career advancement barriers.
Researchers found that receiving cells respond to pressure on their membranes by stiffening their skeletons to prevent movement away from the attacking cell. This process allows for close proximity of cell membranes, enabling fusion to occur.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism of neuronal death involved in neurodegenerative protein-misfolding diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The study found that the loss of NAD+ is the primary cause of neuronal demise, and restoring it can rescue neurons.
Researchers discovered that the immune system can turn off cellular enzymes needed by the Influenza A virus, which could lead to new treatments for flu. The study found that PAI-1 protein plays a key role in this process, and its inhibitors may be used to combat viral infections.
Users of popular dating services OKCupid and Tinder rely on Reddit to learn tips and strategies for online dating, including how to cheat the system and avoid common pitfalls such as trolling and catfishing. The study highlights the importance of social norms and effective matchmaking techniques in online dating.
Researchers studied remoras' ability to attach to surfaces securely yet release easily, finding a complex mechanism involving lamellar spinules and uniquely-structured blood vessels. This discovery could inspire designs for tags or bandages that don't harm hosts.
Innovative sequencing technologies are allowing scientists to study ocean microbes, revealing their critical role in the global carbon cycle and ecosystem health. The findings highlight the diversity of marine protists and their impact on ocean ecosystems.
A study published in the British Journal of Health Psychology found that an instructional DVD reduced MRI scan patients' anxiety, leading to more successful scans with higher image quality. The DVD provided relaxation techniques to help patients prepare for and complete the scan.
Researchers discovered that brain's grid cells are anchored to one wall and rotated by a specific angle (7.5 degrees) to minimize symmetry and errors in navigation. The rotation is necessary to ensure accurate mapping of environments, even when landmarks are far apart.
A new study from Sam Houston State University reveals that approximately 2% of US youth are gang members, with involvement highest at age 14. Gangs have high turnover rates, recruiting new members constantly to replace those who leave.
A new study reveals that genetics curricula are improving, but still lag behind, with minimal instruction in years three and four of medical school. Medical schools are adopting innovative teaching strategies to incorporate genomics into training.
A University of Texas at Arlington computer scientist is designing a reservation/reminder software system to help veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The system will be accessible through an android cell phone app or kiosk and can send text reminders about upcoming appointments.
Patients with chronic kidney disease who consume high acid diets are 3-times more likely to develop kidney failure than those on low acid diets. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help protect kidneys.
Researchers observed atoms forming a weak bond on the path to molecule creation, with only a small fraction converting to stable products. The study paves the way for more efficient reactions in industries such as energy generation and crop fertilization.
Scientists discuss alternative chemistries of life, exploring possibilities beyond Earth, at the AAAS 2015 Panel. Researchers aim to unravel complex interplay of planetary and biological evolutionary networks.
Scientists have created a new model organism for studying aging in the naturally short-lived African turquoise killifish. The researchers developed a genome-editing toolkit, allowing them to rapidly manipulate genes and study aging-related diseases.
The proposed SDGs lack clear, measurable targets, posing challenges to achieving policy objectives. The report highlights the need for better integration and interlinking of goals to avoid trade-offs and unintended consequences.
A recent NIH study found that Ebola virus can remain infectious in a body for at least seven days after death, with viral RNA detectable for up to 10 weeks. The research highlights the importance of safe handling practices and suggests oral swabbing as a reliable alternative for obtaining diagnostic samples.
Researchers found that certain HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer patients can survive for over two years without further disease after intensive treatment. The study identified key factors contributing to the survival advantage, including cancer sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Researchers discovered a common signaling mechanism that produces interferon, a key protein in the immune system. This finding could lead to developing medications to treat human diseases such as lupus, which affects over 1.5 million Americans.
Researchers at A*STAR's Genome Institute of Singapore have developed an expert system called OncoIMPACT that combines cancer omics data with machine learning models to predict treatment targets. The system has been applied to over a thousand cancers, including melanomas and ovarian cancers, and shows promise for personalized medicine.
The iSpot platform has successfully gathered biodiversity data with an impressive 94% accuracy rate, thanks to its unique social network structure. The platform's reputation system motivates users to verify species, improving identification accuracy in 57% of cases.
Researchers discovered that Yersinia pestis bacteria traffic to lymph nodes on their own, not relying on human phagocytic cells. Most microbes get trapped in a bottleneck in the skin or node, and only a few break free to cause disease.
Researchers estimate that around 8 million tons of plastic waste entered the world's oceans in 2010, with coastal countries generating close to 275 million tons. To prevent this number from increasing by a full order of magnitude over the next decade, nations need to improve their waste management practices and adopt better strategies.
A team of researchers has refined the timeline of meteorite impacts on the moon by analyzing argon isotopes in Apollo 17 samples using laser microprobe technology. The study provides new insights into the lunar impact record and its implications for understanding Earth's early bombardment history.
A comprehensive study reveals that plants respond uniquely to different insects, activating specific genes to defend against attacks. The research shows that plants can distinguish between closely related insect species, leading to targeted defense responses.
Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology report that Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) plays a key role in CD8 T cell exhaustion, leading to impaired immune responses. The study identifies NFAT as a molecular hub that orchestrates T cell activation and exhaustion.
The Strategic Pharma-Academic Research Consortium (SPARC) has awarded over $1.9 million to advance research on autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, lupus, and Crohn's disease. The funded projects will focus on understanding the root causes of these conditions and developing new treatments.
A new study by Cornell University warns that the existing system of space-based rainfall observation satellites requires a serious overhaul due to aging technology and lack of international coordination. Replacing just two of the four outdated satellites could help close gaps in data coverage, but broader collaboration is still needed.
A novel superconducting transistor can be switched reversibly between ON and OFF by light-irradiation, opening a way to new high-speed devices. The device uses a photo-active electric double layer and can be controlled by both gate-voltage and light-irradiation.
Researchers found common biomarkers of sleep debt in humans and rats, indicating a link to metabolic disorders such as weight gain, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The study also identified potential biomarkers, oxalic acid and diacylglycerol 36:3, which could serve as indicators of sleep quality and quantity.
Researchers at KU Leuven's Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology have identified a recombinant form of HIV that targets the anchor point CXCR4 early after infection, shortening the healthy phase and triggering rapid progression to AIDS. The study found abnormally high doses of the virus and defensive molecule RANTES in i...
Researchers discovered beaver teeth have a harder, more resistant form of enamel built with iron that surpasses fluoride-treated enamel in acid resistance. This finding could lead to better understanding of human tooth decay and improvement on current treatments.
Mindfulness training reduces stress by increasing prefrontal activity, regulating the biological stress response. This can help prevent diseases like depression, HIV, and heart disease. The study provides an evidence-based biological account of mindfulness training's effects on health.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have discovered that at least 14% of cerebral palsy cases are caused by genetic mutations. This groundbreaking finding has significant implications for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of the condition.
A six-year clinical trial found that patients with low blood flow to the back of the brain are at a higher risk of recurrent stroke. The study used specialized software to visualize and quantify blood flow, identifying a quarter of patients with low posterior blood flow.
A Rutgers-led team has solved a long-standing puzzle in physics by explaining the 'hidden order' of an exotic material. This breakthrough could lead to advancements in electronic technology and superconducting materials for applications such as medical imaging and high-speed trains.
Patients who preferred physician-controlled decisions had lower reported quality of care compared to those with shared decision-making. Patients' reports about the quality of their care are increasingly important health care performance measures.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that at least one clinically relevant genomic alteration was present in most samples tested, suggesting a potential for personalized therapy. The research analyzed 200 cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) samples and identified 169 specimens with potentially targetable genomic alterations.
A high-seas moratorium would improve fisheries income distribution among maritime nations, with European and developed nations benefiting the most. Coastal catches could increase by up to 18% in a catch-neutral scenario, while others may face significant losses.
Research presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference 2015 found that stroke survivors have a higher annual rate of age-adjusted cancer incidence compared to the general population. Additionally, stroke survivors who develop cancer are more than three times likely to die compared to those without cancer.
Researchers found no significant differences in Achilles tendon thickness changes between running grades, indicating no increased risk of injury when transitioning to downhill running. Gradual adaptation is key to minimizing risks.
Two tiny bits of non-coding genetic material, miR-382 and miR-516b, have been found critical to stalling melanoma's spread in early-stage tumors. These microRNAs may help identify patients most likely to spread and benefit from more aggressive therapy.
The Eastern tiger swallowtail's genome has been sequenced, revealing mutations in proteins responsible for its unique circadian rhythm and stinky substance used to scare off predators. This breakthrough opens the door for more insect genome sequencing projects at an affordable price.
Researchers at Emory University School of Medicine have discovered new Alzheimer's disease targets through proteomics, which may lead to a better understanding of the disease mechanism. They identified tangle-like structures that sequester proteins critical for RNA splicing in early stages of the disease.
Research suggests that motorized cycling can prime the brain for relearning everyday tasks and improve motor function in stroke patients. In a small study, 17 stroke survivors showed a 34% improvement in motor skills after exercising on a motorized stationary bike compared to voluntary cycling or no aerobic exercise training.
The FANTOM5 project has discovered that the activation of enhancers triggers coordinated changes in gene expression, leading to dramatic cellular phenotypic changes. This understanding is crucial for understanding cell differentiation and human biology.
A recent study led by Simon Fraser University biologist Isabelle Côté suggests that closing the high seas to fishing would have little impact on global fish catches. Most fish stocks are already shared between the high seas and exclusive economic zones, reducing the financial implications of such a closure.
A new study of cancer patient-clinician encounters found that only a small percentage of patients requested clinically inappropriate tests or treatments. Most requests were for imaging studies, laboratory tests, or palliative care interventions, with few requesting chemotherapy or proton beam therapy.
A new study found that healthcare workers are 4.5 times more likely to suffer from irritant contact dermatitis after increased hand washing efforts, highlighting a potential counter-productive effect on infection reduction campaigns.
A recent study published in Science estimates that between 4.8 and 12.7 million metric tons of plastic enter the ocean every year, mainly from coastal regions. The researchers used a grand model to estimate the amount of plastic waste entering the ocean and found that it is significantly higher than previously estimated.
Researchers at the University of Washington found that female teachers can inspire high school girls to be interested in computer science. The study also recommends broadening the image of who computer scientists are to counteract negative stereotypes. By shifting these stereotypes, more girls can feel included and encouraged to pursue...
University of Utah scientists develop computational model to predict catalyst performance, allowing for the design of more efficient and selective catalysts. The model uses big data analysis to identify structural features that correlate with reaction selectivity.
Researchers have developed a new fluorescent protein called CaMPARI, which permanently marks neurons that are active at a particular time. This allows scientists to visualize neural activity beyond the limited field of view of a microscope and capture snapshots of neural activity during complex behaviors.
A recent study suggests that both regions will experience severe droughts in the future, worse than any in the last millennium. The projections are based on computer model simulations and comparison with past climate reconstructions, indicating a future with extremely parched Southwest and Central Plains.
A study from San Francisco State University found that native bees can provide sufficient pollination for tomatoes in urban gardens, with floral resource density being the key factor. This research challenges conventional wisdom and offers good news for farmers in space-starved cities.
A new study by Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University finds that obese black and white women have distinct attitudes towards weight, with black women being more accepting of obesity. Despite differing views, neither group expressed a desire to lose weight or increase physical activity.
A new study found that sleep-deprived individuals consume more fat and less carbohydrates, while displaying increased connectivity in the salience network, which is linked to emotional responses and bodily sensations. This unique approach examines changes in brain activity's impact on eating behavior following sleep deprivation.