E-cigarettes have shown potential in helping smokers reduce or quit, with a significant role to play in public health. Research suggests that about 9% of smokers who used electronic cigarettes were able to stop smoking for up to one year, compared to 4% of those using nicotine-free placebos.
A new study by Loyola University Medical Center shows that using high-fidelity patient simulators can significantly improve the knowledge, skills, and confidence of first-year neurology residents. The study found a 16.1% improvement in multiple-choice tests about treating stroke patients.
Researchers analyzed nearly 1,000 tweets before and after engagement to discover how people altered their online personas. Tweets with words 'I' or 'me' dropped by 69%, replaced with 'we' and 'us', as individuals transitioned into couples.
A new study by UC Santa Cruz researchers found that female pumas kill more prey but eat less when their territories overlap with human development. The presence of humans leads pumas to abandon kills before consuming them, resulting in high energy costs and food loss.
Small farmers, often women, are preserving traditional crop varieties and landraces, providing vital resources for their livelihoods. Peri-urban and marginal locations are key areas where this preservation is occurring, with urban markets driving demand for local foodstuffs.
A new international project, led by the University of Exeter, aims to study how ancient societies used and transformed the Amazonian land. The research will focus on the scale and nature of human societies' transformation of the environment during the late pre-Columbian period.
Researchers discovered a fern that is the offspring of two distantly-related plant groups that haven't interbred in 60 million years. The finding challenges traditional views on reproductive incompatibility among species.
A new study by University at Buffalo education professor Sam Abramovich investigates the use of school-based digital badges as a way to motivate students and measure learning. The research finds that successful educational badges must present enjoyment, recognize work beyond typical academic ability, and value for the student.
Researchers created a new polymer material that can switch between two shapes without reprogramming, using internal stress to remember its shape.
The 44th annual Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale Auction raised $140,000 for TGen's colon and prostate cancer research. The event featured a '79 Cutlass sold by actress Sharon Stone, previously raising over $600,000 for TGen.
Research conducted by Lynda Dunn reveals that diathermy smoke contains nine hazardous compounds, four of which are carcinogenic, posing a risk to surgical personnel. The use of extraction devices is recommended to minimize exposure and improve workplace conditions.
NASA's Aqua satellite revealed cloud top temperatures of -28C/-18F and -23C/-9F over the northeastern US, significantly colder than surface temperatures, which ranged from 4F/-16C to 23F/-5C in affected areas. The extreme cold was part of an Arctic air mass that brought wind chills below zero and single numbers across the region.
A two-year study found that soldiers receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy were 60 percent less likely to make a suicide attempt than those receiving standard treatment. The therapy focused on managing stress and thinking in more helpful ways.
Saiful Chowdhury's project aims to identify host-defense protein interactions networks using mass spectrometry-based chemical cross-linking technology. The research will help recognize protein-to-protein interactions and reduce data complexity in large-scale studies.
Researchers have discovered seven new genes associated with X-linked intellectual disability, a condition that affects mostly men. The study used genetic analysis to identify mutations on the X chromosome as the cause of the disorder, which has highly variable clinical manifestations.
A study by Nationwide Children's Hospital found that 43% of children with positive marijuana urine screens had test results consistent with narcolepsy or abnormal REM sleep patterns. The study highlights the importance of obtaining a urine drug screen before accepting a diagnosis of narcolepsy in adolescents.
Researchers analyzed indicators of conflict and intergroup interaction in Eastern North America, finding that warfare varied widely over time and space. They identified patterns across extremely large areas, including fortified settlements and skeletal remains of warfare victims.
Darla Munroe examines the impact of telecoupling on sustainability, revealing that reforestation efforts may harm other countries' forests. The US added 7.6 million acres of forests between 1990 and 2010, but Munroe questions whether this is an environmental gain globally.
The HPV vaccine was highly effective against common cancer-causing human papillomaviruses beyond types 16 and 18. Young women vaccinated before sexual debut showed substantial protection against cervical abnormalities and precancerous cell transformations.
Researchers have developed a technique to observe minute distortions in the atomic structure of complex materials, influencing their properties. By mapping atomic organization, including distortions, they've found weaker chemical bonds make atoms more susceptible to variations.
A clinical trial led by the University of Southern California has successfully implanted an ABI device in four children who were previously unable to hear. The device stimulates neurons directly at the human brainstem, bypassing the inner ear entirely and showing promising results in young children.
A suite of globally harmonized test methods is needed to measure a wider selection of toxicants in cigarette smoke. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) must coordinate these methods to ensure reproducible and comparable results.
Scientists have uncovered a key factor driving iron's unique thermal behavior, revealing a synergy between magnetism and atomic vibrations that increases the metal's stability at high temperatures. This breakthrough could lead to more accurate predictions of steel properties and enable the development of new, stronger alloys.
Research presented at the Saudi Heart Association conference reveals that 26% of participants are at high risk of having a heart attack or dying from a heart attack in 10 years. The study found that diabetes, obesity, and smoking were major contributors to this risk.
Researchers are creating a synthetic vaccine that mimics the structure of the live virus to provide a quicker, easier, and safer alternative. The goal is to eradicate polio without the danger of accidental release associated with traditional vaccines.
Researchers at University of Strathclyde and Waterloo discovered a method to quantify steering's impact on distinguishing physical processes, enhancing quantum information processing. The study has implications for quantum cryptography and metrology.
Researchers found that adult childhood cancer survivors are at risk for pituitary hormone deficiencies due to cranial irradiation, impacting health and quality of life. The study highlights the need for lifelong health screenings for this population.
Researchers found no significant relationship between BMI and gut microbiome types, instead highlighting genetic variation in bacterial strains. Dr. Pollard's team developed a computational shortcut to improve accuracy of microbiome studies.
Researchers have developed a new algorithm called Gene Rank (GR) to describe gene connectivity, which can be used for disease prognosis and early cancer detection. GR is based on gene expression data and reflects how well a particular gene is connected to other genes.
A study on the Thames river found that greater numbers of resistant bacteria exist close to waste water treatment works, which are likely responsible for increasing antibiotic resistance. The researchers suggest that improvements in treatment processes could hold the key to reducing the prevalence of resistant bacteria in the environment.
Researchers will create tools using Argonne's POLARIS system to model and simulate the movement of people via mass transportation during emergencies. The tools will provide complex modeling, simulation, and real-time assistance for officials during emergencies.
Researchers unveil prototypes of telescopic contact lenses that magnify objects up to 2.8 times, addressing low vision and AMD concerns. Complementary smart glasses recognize winks and blinks, allowing seamless switching between normal and magnified vision.
Scientists at NTU Singapore have developed an antibody that boosts survival chances for patients with influenza and pneumonia. The antibody, proven effective in lab tests, can also be used to develop a diagnostic kit to track treatment effectiveness.
A team of bioarchaeologists and archaeologists used isotopic analysis to study the diets of 14 individuals from Paracas Necropolis in Peru, dating back almost 2,000 years. The findings suggest that ancient Peruvians primarily consumed marine products and C4 and C3 plants during their final months of life.
Professor John Savage argues that a multistakeholder model is key to maintaining a free and open Internet. He suggests disaggregating governance into smaller, manageable issues and utilizing existing international organizations for non-technical public policy matters.
A new study shows that a door-to-door campaign in a medically underserved area of Philadelphia was able to help vulnerable patients overcome hurdles and access specialized treatment for hepatitis C. The effort involved a comprehensive approach to nonclinical testing, immediate access to confirmatory testing, and patient navigation to e...
Dartmouth investigators develop new algorithms that employ molecular modeling to optimize deimmunized drug candidates. The approach resulted in highly-active and stable biotherapeutic designs that addressed immunogenic hotspots not easily targeted by earlier methods.
Researchers at OIST create non-spherical particles using a simple and low-cost method that can be scaled up for various industries. The study reveals four possible shapes: ellipsoid, mushroom, flake-like, and disc, with applications in food processing, cosmetics, and drug delivery systems.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that stress can worsen recovery in women after a heart attack. Women experienced more stress and stressful life events than men, which may contribute to poorer health outcomes.
A new study from the University of Waterloo found that type 2 diabetes is associated with worse performance on cognitive tests measuring executive functions. Researchers analyzed 60 studies involving over 80,000 individuals with type 2 diabetes and their counterparts without it.
Higher levels of HMGB1, a 'danger' molecule fueling inflammation and blood pressure, may contribute to male hypertension. A new study suggests targeting HMGB1 could help prevent T cell activation and lower blood pressure.
A team of NUS researchers developed a novel strategy to prevent inflammation-associated cancers by targeting the interaction between FAT10 and MAD2. This approach facilitates the development of cancer drugs with fewer side effects, as it targets specific pathological functions without affecting other physiological functions.
The review article presents a comprehensive analysis of scientific evidence supporting the biological etiology of gender identity in transgender individuals. Research findings include associations with disorders of sexual development, neuroanatomical differences, and steroid hormone genetics.
Researchers in The Gerontologist explore successful aging across demographics and cultures, highlighting social and cultural factors that impact physical health and psychological well-being. The study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of successful aging and inform policy and healthcare services.
Researchers used computer code to generate images of wormholes and black holes, discovering multiple images of stars and galaxies near rapidly spinning black holes. This technology has implications for astrophysicists studying black holes and the behavior of light in extreme environments.
Physicist Kater Murch's experiment combines information about a quantum system's evolution before and after a target time to narrow the odds of correctly guessing its state. The 'hindsight' prediction is 90% accurate, suggesting that time runs both backward and forward in the quantum world.
Research at Cardiology 2015 Conference highlights key findings on brain injury in infants with critical congenital heart disease, reduced radiation exposure in pediatric cardiac cath procedures, improved survival rates with goal-directed CPR, and no link found between pre-operative enteral feeding and NEC in newborn cardiac surgery.
A study by Saint Louis University found that patients taking higher doses of opioids for chronic pain were more likely to experience an increase in depression. The researchers hope their findings will inform better pain management strategies and improve outcomes for patients.
The Biogerontology Research Foundation has developed an in silico method to predict the effectiveness of cognitive enhancers. The research uses gene expression data to evaluate activated or suppressed signalling pathways in the brain. This approach can help identify potential geroprotectors that also enhance cognitive function.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed a technique to transform silver into any color of the rainbow using a 'sandwich-like' structure. By adjusting the glass thickness, different colors can be produced. The filter also acts as an absorber for specific wavelengths, making it suitable for optoelectric devices.
Researcher Lora Cavuoto's study found that people who achieve weight loss or wellness success are more likely to influence their friends, while charismatic but unsuccessful individuals have a lower impact. This approach is taking precedence in new diet and exercise programs.