A NASA team has developed a prototype end-to-end Ka-band space communications system, promising significantly higher data rates of up to 2.4 gigabits per second. The technology could overcome S-band limitations and support future Earth-observing missions with high data-rate requirements.
Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography have discovered a new species of seadragon, the 'Ruby Seadragon,' through DNA and anatomical research. The species, Phyllopteryx dewysea, has bright red coloration and is believed to inhabit deeper waters.
A $2.5 million NSF grant will support the five-year Agulhas System Climate Array project, which aims to monitor changes in the ocean's circulation due to climate change. The research will focus on the physical characteristics of the Agulhas Current and its role in global climate variability.
Researchers found that Broca's area is active early in forming sentences and ends its work before a word is spoken, suggesting it plays a key role in organizing the string of sounds that express ideas. The study could benefit the treatment of language impairments due to stroke, epilepsy, and brain injuries.
Saint Louis University researchers have tested a promising drug candidate that stopped fatty liver disease from progressing to severe liver damage. The drug, SR9238, suppresses lipogenesis and reduces the liver's ability to produce fat.
A new study by Rice University economists found that the US natural gas market would be resilient to potential local policy interventions aimed at limiting access to shale gas resources. The efficiency of the market, driven by deep liquidity and robust infrastructure, renders local policies largely irrelevant to the broader market.
A new study published in CMAJ reports that the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is effective in assessing cognitive impairment in multicultural populations where English may not be the primary language. The tool has been shown to identify cognitive impairment and rule it out with strong psychometric properties, makin...
Research using 405 consumer product recalls found that corporate social media reduces negative price reactions to recall announcements. However, as social media evolves, firms lose control over online content and negative sentiment from disgruntled users exacerbates market reactions.
A primary care nurse-delivered intervention increased physical activity among older adults, with significant increases at both 3 and 12 months. The intervention included individualized PA plans and pedometer feedback, leading to higher step counts and moderate-to-vigorous PA bouts.
A new Northwestern University analysis reveals that the bachelor's-to-Ph.D. pipeline in science and engineering fields no longer leaks more women than men, with women outnumbering men as Ph.D. earners but not in doctoral persistence. Women have overcome potential gender biases to pursue graduate school, closing gaps in representation.
Researchers at UT Dallas have created a novel gene-delivery system that shuts down after delivering a gene, offering a potential new strategy for treating diseases. The approach sidesteps health problems associated with permanent gene alteration.
Research finds that napping beyond 2 years of age is associated with reduced night-time sleep quality in young children. The study, published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, analyzed data from 26 studies and found that prolonged napping delays sleep onset and shortens overall night-time sleep duration.
A study found that corticosteroid methylprednisolone decreased treatment failure among patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high initial inflammatory response. Corticosteroids reduced the risk of treatment failure by 66%, suggesting their potential use as adjunctive treatment for this clinical population.
Electrical engineers at ETH Zurich and biologists from the University of Bern have developed a new method to record the activity of moving cells, including beating cardiac muscle cells. The new method combines the patch-clamp technique with an atomic force microscope, allowing for longer measurements and automation.
A new study found that fast-replicating HIV strains lead to more signs of acute inflammation and faster disease progression. The strain's replicative capacity affects immune system disruption and can inform vaccine development and eradication strategies.
A study published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences shows that lithocholic acid, a bile acid produced in the liver, is effective in killing cancer cells and delaying aging. The findings have implications for slowing down breast and prostate cancer development.
Researchers have identified a new biomarker that can help identify patients who are more likely to respond to certain chemotherapies. MAGE-A3/6 genes contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting AMPK, a protein that controls cellular energy levels and suppresses cancerous tumors.
A recent study by Queensland University of Technology found that daytime naps beyond the age of two are associated with poorer quality of night sleep among children. The research reviewed 26 international and Australian studies on children under five years old and showed overwhelming evidence of unnecessary napping.
Researchers analyzed the trajectory of Scholz's star and found it passed through the outer Oort Cloud, 98% certain of its close flyby. The star's proximity to our solar system was confirmed, challenging previous predictions for the closest known flyby.
A promising new approach to treat multiple sclerosis has been discovered by scientists at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. They identified a previously unknown change in the spinal cord related to MS and developed a peptide that disrupts this change, leading to major improvements in neurological functioning.
Researchers have developed compounds that can be applied as a liquid or paste to join two pieces of a semiconductor by heating them to several hundred degrees Celsius, creating seamless joints. This breakthrough technology has diverse applications in industries such as printable electronics, 3-D printing, and solar cells.
Research found that brain amyloid stimulates pancreas fibril growth and vice versa, raising hopes for understanding the connection between AD and T2D. Islet amyloid peptide, derived from pancreatic cells, is also present in human brain senile plaques.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of adults in the US, with excessive fat building up in liver cells. Researchers at BMC will investigate molecular mechanisms and identify novel treatments for NAFLD using retinoic acid and its nuclear receptor.
A recent Phase III study has shown that alirocumab significantly lowers LDL-C levels compared to ezetimibe. The treatment's safety profile is comparable to ezetimibe, making it a viable option for patients with primary hypercholesterolemia at moderate CV risk.
A new study published in JAMA found that electric fans are effective cooling devices for those without air conditioning during hot and humid periods. The researchers prevented heat-related elevations in heart and core temperature up to approximately 80% relative humidity at 97°F.
A recent study revealed that surrogate mothers in Indian fertility clinics lack knowledge about embryo transfer risks, while doctors make unilateral decisions. The existing laws need stricter regulation to ensure rights of all parties are protected.
A new study suggests that nicotine's metabolite cotinine amplifies the effect of acetylcholine, a primary chemical messenger involved in learning and memory, potentially providing therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer's and other memory disorders. Cotinine may also have synergistic effects with existing Alzheimer's therapies.
The study assesses the value of care provided by Partners for Kids, a pediatric Accountable Care Organization (ACO), from 2008 to 2013. Results show that PFK reduced growth in healthcare costs compared to Medicaid fee-for-service programs and managed care plans.
Scientists have identified antibodies isolated from individuals with seasonal flu vaccinations that neutralize H7N9 and other influenza strains, providing broad protection. These antibodies account for a small percentage of the total immune response but show promise as potential therapeutics.
A new Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication study found that gamers who play more frequently identify as such, but friendship networks also play a key role. The study reveals the importance of social connections in shaping gamer identity.
A study of over 1,500 cigarette smokers found that combining varenicline with cutting back on cigarette consumption increased long-term success in quitting. Smokers who reduced their smoking rate before attempting to quit were four times more likely to succeed at six months and two times more likely to quit at 12 months.
Researchers successfully demonstrate a new technique combining a solar telescope with a laser frequency comb to analyze distant stars with unprecedented accuracy, potentially leading to the discovery of Earth-like planets. The technique enhances spectral analysis and advances research in astrophysics.
Researchers found altered patterns and frequencies of electrical activity in dopamine midbrain neurons critical for emotional and cognitive processing. These findings suggest that impaired dopamine neuronal activity contributes to schizophrenia's negative symptoms, such as cognitive deficits and impaired motivation.
Researchers found that social media can instantly reach a large percentage of students to provide timely and accurate information during crisis situations. The study suggests that students are more likely to comply with emergency notifications received through social networking channels.
A phase 3 trial found eliglustat significantly improved spleen volume reduction by 30%, hemoglobin levels, and platelet count in adults with untreated Gaucher disease type 1. The treatment showed no serious adverse events or patient discontinuations.
Researchers identified the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene as a key player in Alzheimer's disease. Carriers of the deleterious MAPT allele are at increased risk for developing AD and experience accelerated brain atrophy.
Researchers have developed a simple and rapid device to detect volatile organic compounds on the breath, demonstrating potential for early lung cancer detection. The device can discriminate different kinds and concentrations of cancer-related biomarkers with high accuracy.
Robert McMahon, a renowned expert on aquatic invasive mollusks, has been awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the National Invasive Species Council. He is recognized for his decades-long work in preventing and managing invasive species, including zebra mussels, Asian clams, and apple snails.
Measurements at BESSY II have shown how spin filters form within magnetic sandwiches, enhancing understanding of processes critical for future TMR data storage devices and other spintronic components. The discovery reveals new interfacial effects that strongly influence the amplitude of tunnel magnetoresistance.
Researchers will test electrically-small biomimetic antenna arrays inspired by insect ear systems to increase data rate and reduce size of mobile devices. The project aims to develop signaling techniques suitable for full potential of MIMO antennas, enabling faster communication speeds.
A study by New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development found that crowdsourcing using Amazon Mechanical Turk can produce high levels of agreement among listeners, even when individual responses are not highly accurate. With samples of nine or more AMT users, performance converges with that of ex...
A new study found that women who understand the risks of over-detection and over-diagnosis associated with mammography screening are less likely to have a breast screening test. The Lancet study suggests that clear decision support materials can help women make more informed decisions about their screening choices.
New research reveals interacting and cumulative time lags in biodiversity responses, exacerbating environmental degradation and ecosystem service losses.
A study found that varenicline was effective in helping smokers reduce their cigarette consumption and eventually quit. The medication produced greater reductions in smoking prior to quitting and increased smoking cessation rates at the end of treatment.
A new study from Columbia Business School suggests that using range offers in negotiations can lead to better settlements for the offer-maker without harming their relationship with the other party. Bolstering and bracketing range offers were found to be effective strategies, while backdown range offers were less successful.
Researchers discovered a key pathway driving tumour growth in bile duct cancer and found that blocking it can prevent cancer cell growth and shrink tumours. The treatment is already being tested in patients with other cancers and shows promise as a potential breakthrough for this devastating disease.
The Johns Hopkins Medicine has developed four web-based training modules on Ebola preparedness for emergency department personnel. These modules provide tools and resources to identify, triage, and manage patients at risk of Ebola, as well as planning processes and communication techniques.
Research suggests that exercising after a meal can lower blood sugar and fat levels, providing more benefits than exercising before dinner. The study found that resistance exercise performed after dinner had the most powerful effect on reducing glucose and fat levels.
A large survey of trafficking survivors found high rates of physical and psychological abuse, mental health problems, and hazardous living conditions. The study highlights the urgent need for access to healthcare and mental health support for survivors of human trafficking.
State-funded programs in California and Connecticut have contributed to an increase in stem-cell-related publications, with California benefiting most. The study suggests that state funding has established California as a leader in this emerging field, while Maryland and New York saw minimal impact on publication trends.
Researchers identified the anterior cingulate cortex as a key region in the teacher's brain involved in understanding students' mistakes. This finding provides insight into how teachers can guide student learning through meaningful feedback.
Researchers from University of Southampton develop new automated method for classifying hundreds of miles of the deep sea floor, creating broad-scale maps to estimate biodiversity hotspots. The maps cover approximately 125 miles across, using information on topography and sediment type to identify distinct 'geomorphological terrains'.
University of Iowa researchers have discovered that switchgrass can remove up to 40% of PCBs from contaminated soils, with a combined treatment boosting removal rates to 47%. The study suggests a natural and sustainable method for reducing the presence of toxic chemicals in the environment.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University discovered a specific region of the brain that signals when a memory is being retrieved with high detail, enabling the prediction of recall order. This finding has significant implications for understanding and preserving memories in individuals with diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers found that teenagers who relied on executive function processes, particularly in the pre-frontal cortex, were more successful in losing weight. Successful programs involve repeated practice and ramping up challenges to executive control, such as computerized training and aerobic physical activity.
Nearly 3 in 5 pregnant teens report using substances in the previous 12 months, with alcohol and cannabis being the most commonly used. Engaged parents and academically involved teens show lower rates of substance use during pregnancy.
A Baylor University geologist has documented a severe decrease in precipitation in northern China 4,200 years ago, leading to desertification and mass migration of Neolithic cultures. The study sheds light on how populations respond and adapt to drastic climate change.
A new study reveals that plants have been highly resilient to mass extinction events, with negative rates of diversification never sustained for long periods. Plant groups such as flowering plants (angiosperms) experienced a rapid increase in diversity shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene asteroid impact.
Tropical Cyclone Lam formed in the northern Gulf of Carpentaria on Feb. 17, with NASA satellites capturing its cloud extent and rainfall rates. The storm is expected to intensify and make landfall into Arnhem Land before weakening.
The University of Waterloo has three researchers recognized as among Canada's top natural sciences and engineering researchers for 2015. Chris Eliasmith, David Blowes and Michael McTavish are making significant advancements in human brain research, environmental impact reduction and invasive species understanding through their work. Th...
Scientists have developed a new X-ray source to study how non-addictive painkillers work, revealing the target of binding to neuroreceptors. This breakthrough could lead to designing molecules to generate specific responses and address critical health issues related to opioid abuse.
A study using a tadpole model reveals parallels between fetal chemical exposure and autism spectrum disorder, highlighting altered neural anatomy and behavior. The research suggests that understanding this connection could lead to discovering mechanisms to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders.
Urbanization leads to more thunderstorm initiation events, posing dangers like lightning and flash floods with little warning. The risk is higher on weekdays due to increased aerosol levels from commuters.
Researchers have developed a novel imaging technique using ferumoxytol and MRI to visualize pancreatic inflammation in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The study found clear evidence of ongoing inflammation in the pancreas, which could help predict disease progression and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers at TUM create self-assembled catalyst to facilitate terpene cyclization, enabling production of complex compounds like taxol, used in cancer treatment. The breakthrough yields higher yields and improves reaction feasibility.
Researchers have created a novel solid-state technology platform that enables the use of terahertz photonics in various applications. The new nanodetectors can detect frequencies greater than 3 THz and offer competitive noise equivalent powers with commercially available technologies.
A University of Minnesota study reveals that hunger increases intention to acquire nonfood objects, resulting in higher spending. Hungry shoppers opt for 70% more products and spend 64% more money than satiated counterparts.
A recent Finnish-Swiss-Belgian study finds that technology changes the teacher's role from a traditional knowledge provider into a facilitator guiding students' learning processes and engaging in joint problem-solving. Technology offers new types of learning possibilities, including interactive learning and teaching opportunities.
Researchers developed a new device, Bio-P3, to create and assemble 3D tissue constructs densely packed with living cells. The device can pick up, transport, and release multi-cellular microtissues with minimal effects on cell viability.
Researchers found a genomic marker that could help identify patients most likely to benefit from cabazitaxel, a newer member of the taxane family. The study suggests that cabazitaxel may be more effective sooner in treatment for some patients with prostate cancer.
Patients receiving fondaparinux had a lower risk of major bleeding events and death following a heart attack compared to those receiving low-molecular-weight heparin. This association was observed in both hospital settings and six months post-incident.
Researchers from the University of Vienna found cross-species parallels in song production and perception among animals. Some species, such as songbirds and parrots, can learn to produce new sounds and even identify beats, similar to human music abilities.
A survey of 2500 Dutch doctors found that 86% would consider helping a patient to die under certain circumstances. Attitudes towards euthanasia and assisted suicide varied by condition, with most willing to help patients with cancer or other physical diseases, but fewer for those with mental illnesses.
As of January 1, 2016, Elsevier will publish the flagship journals Kidney International and Kidney International Supplements from the International Society of Nephrology. These journals are highly regarded for their original research in nephrology and kidney disease.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that pharmaceutical industry self-regulation in the UK and Sweden had significant violations, with nearly 20% of cases being serious breaches. The researchers analyzed complaints and rulings to find that charges incurred by companies were a small percentage of annual sales revenue.
The new material increases sensitivity and allows early detection of small particles in rapidly burning fires. Applications include specialist sensors for fire and gas detection, air pollution monitoring, and personal electronic devices.
The Journal of Cybersecurity is an open-access title that aims to tackle cybersecurity challenges through interdisciplinary approaches. It will publish high-impact research from various disciplines, including anthropology, computer science, economics, and psychology.
Scientists studied the impact of Deepwater Horizon oil on Pensacola Municipal Beach's microbial communities, finding that generalist microbes were most successful in expanding their populations. After a year, microbial populations buried in beach sands looked similar to pre-spill levels, with some unexplained differences.
Researchers have created a reliable growth curve for white sharks in the western North Atlantic, revealing they grow more slowly and mature later than initially estimated. The study found males reach maturity at around age 26 and females at around 33, leading to new estimates of population replacement rates.
Research reveals that Bangladeshi garment factory jobs lower the risk of early marriage and childbirth for young women, promoting their education. The industry's growth also boosts girls' educational attainment by 50% in areas close to factories.
A new study suggests that understanding species extinction can help drive cancer cells to annihilation. The authors identify two critical factors governing species resistance to extinction: evolveability and robustness to perturbations. These characteristics may have important correlates among some types of cancer cells.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that acetate supplements accelerate tumor growth and metastasis in mice. The study suggests that modulating acetate production could be a key to designing therapies for cancer patients.
A study found that TERT mRNA levels are highly predictive of aggressive bladder cancers, allowing doctors to recommend targeted treatments and improve patient outcomes. The study also suggests that telomerase reactivation is crucial for the progression of bladder cancers, highlighting a potential target for disease intervention.
A team of researchers from INRS developed novel graphenated-MWCNTs with enhanced field electron emission properties by decorating graphene sheets with gold nanoparticles. This innovation enhances the density of electron-emitting sites, improving FEE performance and opening new prospects for portable X-ray imaging systems.
A new study reveals that Broca's area, traditionally considered the command center for human speech, actually switches off when we speak out loud. This finding has major implications for diagnosing and treating stroke, epilepsy, and brain injuries that result in language impairments.
A team of researchers from the University of Michigan and Western Michigan University has developed a new radiation-resistant spintronic material that can maintain its spin-dependence after being irradiated. This breakthrough could enable electronic devices to work in harsh environments, such as space-based communications satellites.