Researchers from Dartmouth's Norris Cotton Cancer Center have discovered the Cherenkov Effect can be measured to improve radiation therapy. The study found that light emission correlates with dose, making it suitable for narrow beam stereotactic radiation therapy and surface dosimetry applications.
Employees who point out problems may become mentally fatigued, defensive, and experience a drop-off in production. Suggesting ideas for improvement can have a positive effect, but finding a balance between constructive feedback and positivity is key.
A study by Penn State researchers found that students from Catholic colleges were more reflective when discussing issues of faith and science, suggesting they may be better prepared to address evolution questions. The study suggests that incorporating faith into discussions about evolution can help build confidence in biology teachers,...
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin developed silicon micro-funnels that absorb light more efficiently than traditional nanowire arrays. The funnels improve solar cell efficiency without requiring special manufacturing processes.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that competition among healthcare providers, including physicians and retail clinics, leads to higher antibiotic prescribing rates in affluent areas. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the number of clinics and increased antibiotic prescriptions in wealthy regions.
Scientists found a receptor protein called gp130 that activates signaling pathways stimulating stem cell proliferation and survival, leading to healing and repair. This discovery has implications for developing new treatments for colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers suggest the Higgs field's motion may have created a temporary imbalance between particles and antiparticles, resulting in a small excess of matter. This asymmetry is believed to be responsible for the formation of stars and planets, making up most of the universe.
A Swedish study published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence found that using snus increases the risk of developing alcohol dependency, with a doubled risk compared to non-users. The more snus used, the higher the risk, and this association holds true even after accounting for socio-economic factors.
Researchers have developed a molecular mouse-trap technique that aids understanding of cell division and its role in cancer. By studying the structure of proteins involved in chromosome formation, scientists can develop new approaches to analyze complex biological molecules.
Geographically isolated wetlands provide significant benefits to water quality, including sediment retention and nutrient transformation. The loss of these wetlands would likely cause serious harm to North American waters.
Researchers say treating human health as part of an ecosystem can resolve problems like antibiotic crisis and obesity epidemic. Professor Mark Wahlqvist advocates for integrative approaches to healthcare, emphasizing the importance of nature and varied diets.
The MIT team devised a two-step process to create large quantities of complex emulsions with precise control over the composition of droplets. By adding different chemicals or exposing them to light or different acidity levels, they can finely tune the configuration of droplets. This allows for rapid, large-scale production and enables...
Researchers found that 'mute' cicadas produce sound by banging their forewing costa against the operculum, a newfound mechanism. This discovery expands our understanding of acoustic signaling in cicadas without tymbal organs.
Emulsifiers found in processed foods can alter the gut microbiota composition and induce intestinal inflammation, promoting the development of inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrome. The study suggests that avoiding excess food consumption is crucial, as low-grade inflammation from an altered microbiota can lead to overeating.
A study of European children found that spending over two hours daily watching TV increases the risk of high blood pressure by 30%. Not engaging in physical activity or doing less than an hour of exercise daily also raises this risk by 50%
Pediatric cancer patients who receive antibiotics within 60 minutes of reporting fever and neutropenia have decreased intensive care consultation rates and lower mortality. The study shows that timely antibiotic delivery can lead to significant reductions in hospitalization and fatalities among pediatric cancer patients.
Researchers found that asking people to compare a donation to an indulgent product increases charitable donations. People feel less selfish when envisioning a treat, leading to more generous giving.
Researchers from Marine Biological Laboratory and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee used sewage samples to compare human gut bacteria with high accuracy, revealing a core set of bacteria linked to obesity levels in cities. The approach provides a non-intrusive way to monitor public health without compromising individual privacy.
A new study maps distinct brain signatures for two types of extroverts: gregarious 'people-persons' and ambitious 'go-getters'. The research, published in Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, found overlapping yet distinct signatures in the anatomy of the brain.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that one in four prison inmates have a diagnosed mental health condition, yet few receive treatment. The study highlights the need for prisons to prioritize validated screening procedures and treatment for mental health disorders.
The Endocrine Society has selected 22 winners of the Helmsley Charitable Trust Abstract Awards in Type 1 Diabetes, recognizing outstanding work in clinical care and underlying mechanisms. The award winners will present their research at ENDO 2015 and received travel grants to attend.
Patients with HIV prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) have low postoperative mortality rates, comparable to those without the infection. Factors associated with increased mortality include poor nutritional status and age.
A global map produced by researchers at Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research reveals that streams within 40% of the global land surface are at risk from insecticide runoff. The map highlights areas such as the Mediterranean, USA, Central America, and Southeast Asia as particularly vulnerable to water pollution.
Pregnant women after bariatric surgery are at higher risk for complications like preterm birth and small babies, but lower risk of gestational diabetes. Maternal health services should provide extra care to these women.
Researchers at USC found that aluminum 'superatoms' exhibit superconductivity at temperatures around 100 Kelvin, a significant increase from bulk aluminum metal. This discovery raises the possibility of creating ultraefficient electronic devices, such as laptops and power grids, with minimal energy loss.
A new study by PETA found a staggering 73% increase in the number of animals used in US laboratories between 1997 and 2012, despite industry claims of reduced animal use. Mice usage accounted for a 72.7% increase due to genetic modification experiments.
Researchers found that humans can flexibly combine and repurpose pre-existing computations to address new challenges, including online dating and social media. This adaptation allows for rapid deployment of neural resources in new contexts.
A study published in Genes, Brain and Behavior found that animal models with autism risk gene mutations exhibit decreased aggressive behavior towards strangers, instead engaging in repetitive patterns. The research suggests a potential counter-narrative to the widespread perception of increased aggression in individuals with autism.
Scientists have found a tool that could help fight bacterial infections, including strep throat and flesh-eating disease. A drug approved to treat HIV has been shown to inhibit the production of a deadly toxin in lab tests, offering new hope for developing therapies against these deadly pathogens.
A new study at The Scripps Research Institute shows that certain stem cell culture conditions can reduce DNA mutations. Researchers developed a method using feeder cells and manual passaging to minimize genetic instability.
Biophysicist Takeshi Sakamoto received a $692,000 NSF grant to investigate how molecular motors transport large vesicles in cells. He aims to understand the mechanisms of chemical energy conversion to mechanical force.
Researchers successfully generated mature, functional skeletal muscles in mice by growing cells in a dish and implanting the graft near a normal muscle. This breakthrough could lead to treatments for various muscle disorders, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Rhode Island Hospital and Day One will evaluate the effectiveness of classroom-based prevention programs for male high school students, using approaches such as social norms theory and bystander intervention tactics. The study aims to determine whether these programs can reduce rates of assault.
A new compound developed at the University of Toronto Scarborough can monitor protein kinase activity without using radioactive isotopes. This innovation has potential to improve cancer treatment by providing a safer and more accurate method for assessing drug effectiveness.
A study published in Veterinary and Comparative Oncology reveals an association between frizzled-6 protein expression and more aggressive behavior in canine bone cancer. The findings may provide a new pathway for tumor formation and improve outcomes for dogs with the disease.
A national study found nearly half of organ transplant surgeons experience low personal accomplishment and 40% feel emotionally exhausted. Surgeons who reported higher levels of personal accomplishment felt more control in their work life and had more support from co-workers.
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a scientific basis for understanding health and disability states. ICF has become a valuable tool to increase communication among different users in clinical practice and research.
An international team of astronomers has found a huge and ancient black hole powering the brightest object in the early universe. The massive black hole is 12 billion times the size of our Sun and lives at the center of a quasar, emitting millions of billions of times more energy than the Sun.
Researchers found that publicly available abstracts often failed to reflect broader impacts activities, and project reports lacked sufficient detail. Efforts to bolster participation of underrepresented groups were comparatively rare, with proposals reporting more than twice as few as reported.
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer recently published an article discussing the management of locally advanced inoperable breast cancer. The review, led by Dr. Konstantinos Tryfonidis, examines current treatment options and future directions for improving outcomes.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that hospital design has a modest impact on patient satisfaction scores. Despite improved aesthetics, patients' overall satisfaction and care experience remained largely unchanged.
A systematic review of 59 studies found that interventions in prisons led to improved health outcomes for prisoners and the general population. The research highlights the importance of providing treatment and access to primary care after release, resulting in reduced substance abuse, mental health problems, and infectious diseases.
Research suggests that anesthetics could have a lasting effect on children's cognitive abilities, with those under three years old at higher risk of adverse effects. The University of Toronto team recommends avoiding anesthetics for young children unless necessary for life-saving procedures.
A new zinc-polyiodide redox flow battery boasts an energy density exceeding other flow batteries of its kind and size. This design enables efficient long-duration energy storage for urban grids, enhancing resiliency and flexibility.
Researchers found that adding magnetite nanoparticles increases the performance of polymer solar cells, allowing them to convert more incident light into electrical power. The addition of heavy elements enables a material conversion that prolongs the lifetime of electron-hole pairs, leading to higher efficiency.
Researchers found that mountain chickadees living at harsher high elevations exhibit superior spatial memory and problem-solving abilities. However, these birds tend to avoid novel objects, contradicting the expectation that enhanced problem-solving skills would come with increased innovation.
Researchers have discovered that inflammation causes molecular bonds to form within mucus in cystic fibrosis, making it thicker and more difficult to clear. A potential new therapeutic approach targeting disulfide bonds has been identified, offering hope for improved treatment options.
Juliana Freire is developing scalable techniques for traditional search engines, enabling focused crawling for tracking criminal activities and integrating crawling with search and data analysis. Her research also aims to address human trafficking, a key Defense Department mission with a significant web presence.
A study by American Chemical Society researchers found that oat-based breakfast cereals exceeded EU standards for ochratoxin A levels in 8% of samples. The findings highlight the need for improved oat production, storage, and processing to protect consumer health.
A new DNA vaccine targeting p62 has shown promising results in alleviating chronic inflammation and osteoporosis by exploiting the protein's role in autophagy. The vaccine, currently in phase I clinical trials, may offer a safe treatment for inflammatory bone loss.
Scientists found that electric car driving range and emissions differ greatly depending on regional energy sources and climate, with extreme temperatures affecting battery efficiency. The study's analysis revealed that geographical differences can influence the energy implications of electric vehicles.
Researchers evaluated four football helmet add-ons, including Guardian Cap and Concussion Reduction Technology, which showed limited impact on reducing concussion risk. The study found that helmets with these add-ons reduced linear accelerations by about 11 percent but had little effect on angular accelerations.
A Yale University study found that electronic alerts for acute kidney injury did not improve outcomes, despite increasing interventions such as dialysis. The study suggests that the tool was ineffective due to inadequate training of clinicians on its proper use.
Researchers found that a blend of phytochemicals, including resveratrol, genistein, and quercetin, may protect the liver against inflammation caused by fat accumulation. This could be a potential treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which affects many people, especially those who are overweight or obese.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine found that culture conditions and passage methods affect genetic stability in human stem cells. The study highlights the need for quality control to ensure the safety of transplanted stem cells.
A study published in Science Translational Medicine shows that treating cats with Niemann Pick Type C with cyclodextrin significantly improved their neurological symptoms. The treatment halted disease progression and allowed the cats to live past three years of age, making it a promising potential therapy for human patients.
The University of Pittsburgh is leading a $14 million clinical trial comparing two approaches to treat acute lower back pain, one with usual care and the other with cognitive behavioral therapy. The study aims to reduce chronic lower back pain and its effects on daily life.
A survey of genome-edited crops reveals many may not be subject to current GMO regulations due to advanced genetic engineering techniques. Bioethicists propose new models for regulation to address social issues associated with such crops.
Tropical Cyclone Glenda is intensifying in the Southern Indian Ocean, with NASA's Aqua satellite capturing visible evidence of a developing eye. The storm is expected to strengthen to near 95 knots before weakening and turning southeast.
A 20-year follow-up study found that frequent sauna use can reduce the risk of cardiac death in men. Men who used saunas 4-7 times a week were 63% less likely to experience sudden cardiac death compared to those using them once a week. Longer sauna sessions also reduced cardiovascular risks.
Extending UK anti-smoking legislation to parks and squares aims to support healthy lifestyle choices, particularly among young people. The proposal is based on evidence from successful smoking bans worldwide, which have been shown to reduce smoking prevalence and improve public health.
New research from the University of Surrey finds significant differences in employment and income levels among older people, depending on gender and health. The study reveals substantial income gaps, particularly for women who care for elderly parents, reducing their future pension income and financial well-being.
The grant will allow Cui to analyze mechanisms underlying potassium ion channel properties and develop targeted treatments for cardiac arrhythmia. He aims to understand a novel mechanism behind Long QT syndrome, which can be fatal.
A team of researchers from the University of Luxembourg and TDK has improved a conductive oxide film to increase transparency in the infrared region, enabling solar cells to harness more sunlight. The breakthrough allows for stable films that retain conductivity after exposure to air for over a year.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide warn against giving melatonin to children to treat sleep problems, citing lack of rigorous safety studies and potential interactions with other medications. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates circadian rhythms in adults but its use for children's sleep is unregulated in the US.
A multicenter study found that respiratory viruses, particularly RSV and human rhinovirus, are the leading causes of pneumonia in children. The study, which included over 2,300 hospitalizations, revealed that viral infections accounted for 81% of cases, while bacterial infections were responsible for only 8%. The findings suggest that ...
A new, shortened test to assess frailty can accurately determine which surgical patients are most at risk for complications. The test, taking less than a minute, assesses grip strength and weight loss, providing critical information for patient planning and setting expectations.
Researchers found that blocking interleukin-1, a master regulator of inflammation, increased the risk of coronary heart disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm. In contrast, naturally occurring interleukin-1 inhibition decreased the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem discover malaria parasite uses long noncoding RNA to switch genes and evade human immune system. They develop novel method to suppress virulence genes, breaking code of its immune evasion.
A new study in the Journal of Marketing Research found that free trial customers have a distinct relationship with service providers, forming a less-developed bond. This can be leveraged by firms targeting these customers with personalized marketing communication and information on their usage behavior to encourage retention.
A new report finds that sub-Saharan Africans perceive their own health care systems as low-rated, but prioritize jobs and economic growth over healthcare. The research suggests that HIV/AIDS aid may have improved perceptions of health care in some countries, despite chronic poverty and unemployment.
A Dartmouth-led study found that climate-warmed leaves change lake ecosystems by reducing phosphorus concentrations and altering the density of zooplankton, a crucial food source for larger aquatic organisms.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed a new method to combine different types of nanowires into a single array, improving absorption efficiency. The dual-type nanowire arrays show better light coupling and reduced reflection, making them suitable for applications such as solar cells and LEDs.
Researchers found that habitual breakfast skippers had poorer glucose control after consuming a high-protein breakfast, while those who typically ate breakfast experienced improved glucose control. The study suggests that young women should gradually increase protein intake in the morning to improve glycemic control.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have discovered that graphene oxide can selectively target and neutralize cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for cancer spread and recurrence. The study suggests that graphene oxide could be used as a non-toxic anti-cancer agent in combination with existing treatments.
The study found a sharp rise in the use of mice and unregulated species in US laboratory research, contradicting industry claims and government efforts. The data highlights the need for greater transparency and efforts to curb animal use in scientific research.
Scientists develop peptide that binds to misshapen α-synuclein protein, stopping toxic fibril formation and brain cell death. The research offers a potential new approach for slowing Parkinson's disease progression.
Engineers at the University of Colorado Boulder have invented a microbe-powered battery that can remove salts and organic contaminants from oil and gas wastewater simultaneously, producing additional energy.
A new study published in Neurology found that people who sleep more than eight hours a night have an increased risk of stroke. Those who shifted from sleeping less than six hours a night to more than eight hours were nearly four times as likely to have a stroke.
Researchers from Berkeley Lab measured atmospheric carbon dioxide's increasing capacity to absorb thermal radiation over an eleven-year period at two locations in North America. They found a significant uptick in radiative forcing due to CO2 levels, primarily linked to fossil fuel emissions.
A study by UCSB scientists examined the unique properties of tau, a critical protein in neurons that can form clumps associated with Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that exposing tau to certain chemicals, such as urea, could prevent aggregation, while another compound, TMAO, accelerated it.
A study published in PLOS ONE identified wood rats and western gray squirrels as hosts for Lyme disease-causing bacteria in California, but birds were found to be more important than previously recognized. The study also discovered a new subtype of Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia bissettii, in birds for the first time in California.
Researchers found that a regional anesthetic technique, called ultrasound-guided paravertebral blocks, can significantly reduce chronic post-operative pain in women after mastectomies. The study showed that these nerve blocks most reduced neuropathic pain, which affects sensation and is the most common form of chronic pain.
A new study found that countries with modernized marketing systems and supermarkets are best positioned to lower prices on store brands. Businesses in these nations face challenges finding quality suppliers and efficient transportation systems. As a result, store brands will inevitably become a global phenomenon.
Researchers have found that local implants of autologous adipose tissue-derived cells resulted in significant pain reduction and healing within two to seven weeks for all patients with long-lasting, non-healing digital ulcers. The treatment showed promise as an alternative to traditional therapies.
Researchers discovered that epigenetic modifications to mRNA act as a structural switch allowing RNA-binding proteins to recognize inaccessible regions. This phenomenon, known as the m6A switch, affects practically all RNA-protein interactions, with widespread implications for gene expression and regulation.
Researchers found that the Gomafu gene is dynamically regulated in the adult brain, affecting behavior related to anxiety and schizophrenia. The discovery sheds light on the gene's potential as a surveillance system for rapid brain responses to environmental changes.
Researchers at Umeå University's UMIT Research Lab have developed a new virtual testing technology for future vehicles, reducing development time and costs. This innovation is expected to improve fuel efficiency, manoeuvrability, and safety in vehicles by simulating real-world scenarios before the first prototype is built.
A new study found that emotional conflict between activities makes consumers feel they have less time, generating stress and anxiety. Authors suggest two strategies: slow breathing and channeling stress into positive emotions to reduce feelings of being pressed for time.
Susac syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease causing acute confusion, hearing problems, and eyesight issues. It is often misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis or ADEM, but may be considered in young patients with unexplained acute onset of confusion and abnormal spinal fluid tests
Astronomers have found a super-bright quasar powered by the most massive black hole ever observed for an object from that time, located at a distance of 12.8 billion light years away. The quasar is 7 times brighter than the most distant known quasar and has a luminosity of 420 trillion solar units.
Researchers have developed a novel vascular optical tomographic imaging system to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of peripheral artery disease in diabetics. The system uses near-infrared light to map hemoglobin concentration, revealing perfusion issues in extremities.
A new satellite-based study found that tropical forests lost 4 million hectares annually from 1990-2000 and 6.5 million hectares from 2000-2010, with a 62% increase in deforestation rate.
A study by economists from Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena found that three out of four customer complaints are not passed on to line managers, despite specific regulations in place. The researchers recommend training employees on the importance of forwarding complaints and developing incentives for their participation.
Researchers developed a new method to stabilize 3DOm carbon, which can improve the performance of lithium-air batteries. This breakthrough enables energy storage with five to 10 times more energy density than current state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries.
Researchers have discovered the brightest quasar in the early universe, powered by a massive 12 billion solar mass black hole. The quasar's luminosity is equivalent to 420 trillion suns and is seven times brighter than the most distant known quasar.
A large nationwide cohort study found that people with ADHD have a lower life expectancy and are more than twice as likely to die prematurely as those without the disorder. Accidents were the most common cause of death in individuals with ADHD, and women had a higher relative risk of premature death compared to men.
A large study found that viral infections are more common than bacterial infections in children with pneumonia, with respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus being major culprits. The results suggest a need for improved prevention and treatment strategies to address the growing burden of childhood pneumonia.
A team of researchers has developed a new sizing system for hybrid photovoltaic panel/battery systems using fuzzy logic, which can determine optimal panel surfaces and battery capacity. The system was verified through simulations and demonstrated effectiveness in optimizing cost and losses.
Tel Aviv University researchers have discovered a practical solution to fog detection using cellular communication networks. The study utilizes higher cellular frequencies to detect even light fog, providing high-resolution spatial measurements and potentially reducing accidents. Current fog monitoring tools are insufficient, but the n...
A study of 100 pancreatic cancer genomes identifies four subtypes, including 'stable', 'locally rearranged', 'scattered', and 'unstable' genomes. The analysis suggests that patients with 'unstable' genomes respond well to platinum-based drugs and PARP inhibitors, offering a promising lead for personalized treatment.
A new study found that EEG measurements were more accurate in predicting individual preferences for movies than participants' conscious statements. The study also suggested that EEG tests are relatively cheap and can capture complete information about consumer behavior.
Scientists at UT Arlington discovered that optogenetically stimulating a small area of the brain, specifically the anterior cingulate cortex, can significantly reduce pain behavior in lab mice. This breakthrough could lead to new strategies for managing chronic pain and improving our understanding of pain pathways.
Researchers at Yale University have discovered a protein found in ticks that can prevent frostbite in mice. The antifreeze protein, when introduced into mouse cells or whole live mice, showed significant protection against frostbite, with 60% of treated mice showing no visible signs of damage.
Researchers identified a positive feedback loop between genes and proteins that regulates floral abscission, allowing plants to shed petals. The study, supported by the National Science Foundation, provides new insights into plant development and responses to environmental cues.
A $14 million, five-year PCORI award funds the first statewide study of its kind to examine the effectiveness of comprehensive post-stroke care in improving daily function and reducing caregiver stress. The COMPASS study will compare patients who receive existing stroke treatment with those who receive comprehensive services at home.
A new study in the Journal of Marketing Research found that marketing managers' attempts to imagine themselves as consumers lead to biased predictions, with their own preferences taking over. The researchers conducted four studies and discovered that by acknowledging this bias, managers can overcome it and make more customer-centric de...
A recent study found that financial incentives can encourage one in five pregnant women to quit smoking, with a significant number stopping at least for the duration of their pregnancy. The scheme, which provided vouchers worth up to £752, was successful in motivating many women to quit, with only a small number 'gaming' the system.
Researchers deciphered the signaling pathways associated with immortal cells, which work in parallel to suppress terminal differentiation. The discovery enables the use of purified proteins to reduce contamination and accelerate clinical application.
Research suggests that heart failure patients who struggle with daily activities are at a higher risk of hospitalization and early death. The study found that older women, unmarried individuals, and those with chronic conditions such as obesity, dementia, anemia, and diabetes were more likely to experience these negative outcomes.
A new open-source resource helps scientists accurately date the tree of life by combining fossil data with DNA sequences, providing minimum ages for groups such as mollusks, penguins, and humans. This will aid in understanding the origin and evolution of biodiversity.
A Northwestern University study found that community navigators can significantly improve healthcare outcomes for low-income, uninsured Spanish-speaking women. Despite facing numerous barriers, patients in the navigation program had shorter follow-up times and did not experience delayed diagnoses compared to English-speaking counterparts.
Researchers from Purdue University and collaborators found that offspring survival in Lake Michigan is on the rise despite smaller parent size, with potential benefits for juvenile smelt. The study suggests that fewer adults may be allowing hatchlings to thrive due to reduced predation pressure.
A new study reveals that media portrayals of monkeys in human settings increase their desirability as pets and alter public perception. The research, published in PLOS ONE, suggests that such images change the way people perceive these species from wild animals needing conservation help to those suitable as household pets.
A study by the University of Cambridge found that sleeping over 8 hours a day is associated with a greater risk of stroke, particularly for older individuals. The researchers followed 10,000 participants and discovered that those who persistedently slept longer had double the risk of stroke compared to those with average sleep duration.